中国茶叶地理标志保护制度研究
|
摘要
地理标志保护是近年来国际知识产权领域的重要议题之一,对地理标志进行保护,不仅是我国WTO成员国应尽的义务,而且有利于维护我国特色产品和民族精品在国际上的利益,有利于促进农业经济的发展,提高我国农产品的国际竞争力。一个受保护的地理标志是一个起着区别产品来源作用的国家、地区或地方的地理名称,该产品的质量和特征完全或主要取决于该地理环境,包括自然和人文因素。我国是茶叶大国,各种名茶的独特品质均与其地理环境有着非常密切的关系,因此,我国茶叶是最适合实施地理标志保护的重要农产品之一。然而我国名茶虽然种类繁多,但真正能有效实施地理标志保护的却屈指可数,而且在实施茶叶地理标志保护过程中出现的诸如法律法规不协调、多方利益冲突、多头管理等不和谐现象极其普遍。
本文以理论——利益——协调——策略的行文路径,阐释我国茶叶地理标志的概念及其知识产权属性,结合我国茶叶地理标志保护的现状,分析了我国目前茶叶地理标志法律保护的利益冲突,在此基础上,提出我国茶叶地理标志保护的政策目标和发展策略。
全文共分六部分。
第一部分引言阐述了我国茶叶地理标志的研究背景,明确我国茶叶地理标志保护的研究意义,分析了国内外茶叶地理标志研究概况,提出我国茶叶地理标志研究的主要内容和方法。
第二部分茶叶地理标志保护的理论解释从国际、国内两个视野分析茶叶地理标志相关概念的界定及其历史演进过程,运用资产专用性理论、产权理论和信息不对称理论,结合茶叶地理标志的保护模式阐释我国茶叶地理标志的知识产权属性。
第三部分茶叶地理标志保护的利益冲突分析了我国茶叶地理标志保护的利益冲突主体及相互间的利益关系,明确我国茶叶地理标志保护的利益冲突根源主要包括不同利益方的非合作竞争、销售商的“搭便车”行为以及短期利益的资源掠夺利茶叶地理标志长期利益间的矛盾等三个方面。在此基础上,结合我国茶叶地理标志的收益和成本分析等经济学理论,提出我国茶叶地理标志保护的利益协调形式。
第四部分茶叶地理标志保护的个案研究以龙井茶、信阳毛尖以及印度大吉岭茶为研究对象,分析三种名茶在不同时期、不同条件下实施地理标志保护的具体措施和管理模式,同时比较了实施地理标志保护对名茶产业及相关产业的促进和带动作用。
第五部分茶叶地理标志保护的政策目标及制度重构在综合分析我国茶叶地理标志保护的基础上,提出我国茶叶地理标志保护的政策目标和发展策略,为我国茶叶地理标志制度的重构提供理论基础和实证依据。
第六部分结论与展望从效益和利益角度总结出茶叶地理标志保护的意义,明确茶叶地理标志保护的可持续发展思路,指出本研究的不足和后续相关研究的方向。
Protection of geographical indication has recently been one of the important topics in the field of international intellectual property. To protect geographical indication is not only our country's obligation as a member of WTO, but also beneficial for the products with Chinese characteristic and national products with high quality to maintain its international advantages, for agricultural economy to facilitate its development and for Chinese agricultural products to boost its ability of global competition. A protected geographical indication is a geographical appellation of one nation, region or place, playing a part in distinguishing sources of products, which quality and characteristics completely or mainly drives from the geographical environment, including natural and cultural factors. China is a tea's great power, there are intimate relationships between the unique quality of all teas and their geographical environment, and so, China tea is one of the most suitable agricultural produce which should be protected by geographical indication. However, there are little China tea which are protected by geographical indication effectively recently. At the same time, some disharmony phenomena, such as disharmony of laws and regulations, interest conflict in multi-party, management of multi administration, etal, is very universal in the course of Chinese tea geographical indications protection.
Based on the "theory- interest - harmony -policy" structure, this thesis expounds the concept of tea geographical indication and the attribute in terms of intellectual property. It gives an analysis, in the link of the actual state of legal protection of tea geographical indications in China, on those conflict of interest within current China's legal system of tea geographical indication protection.
The thesis is divided into six parts.
Part one: Introduction. In this part, it expatiates the research background of geographical indications of China tea, definitudes the research meaning of geographical indications of China tea, analyzes the research survey of tea geographical indications at home and abroad, and the main research contents and methods of protection of geographical indications of China tea is put forward at the end .
Part two: The theoretical explanation of protection of geographical indications. In this part, the conception definition of tea geographical indications and its historical development course are analyzed from two vision fields in Chinese and international, the attributions about intellectual property right of geographical indications of China tea is explained, which based on the theories of asset specificity, property right and information asymmetry, combining protection mode of tea geographical indications.
Part three: Interest conflict in protection of geographical indications. In this part, the subject of interest conflict and interrelations about the protection of geographical indications of China tea are analyzed, definitudes the origin of interest conflict, which includes the non-cooperating -competition between different stakeholders, the hitchhike behaviors of tea seller , the contradictions between short-time benefit from resources plunderer and long -time benefit of tea geographical indications. On this basis, combining two economics theories in geographical indications of China tea, which are income and cost analyses, the benefit coordination modes of protection of geographical indications of China tea are put forward.
Part four: The case study. In this part, studies three famous teas, China Longjing tea, China Xinyang maojian tea and India Darjeeling tea mainly, introduces different protection measures and management method,of three famous teas in different periods and conditions. At the same time, the promotion effect on the tea industry and relative industry after protection of geographical indications are analyzed.
Part five: Policy objective and system reconstruction of China tea geographical indications. In this part, it puts forward policy objectives and system reconstruction about protection of Chinese tea geographical indications on the basis of comprehensive analysis of protection of geographical indication, which supply theoretic basis and empirical thereunder for the reestablishment of protection institution of Chinese tea geographical indications.
Part six: Summary and advance prospect. In this part, it sums the significations of Chinese tea geographical indications, definitudes its ideas of sustainable development. Finally, the deficiency of this study and correlative research direction of Chinese tea geographical indications are put forward.
本文以理论——利益——协调——策略的行文路径,阐释我国茶叶地理标志的概念及其知识产权属性,结合我国茶叶地理标志保护的现状,分析了我国目前茶叶地理标志法律保护的利益冲突,在此基础上,提出我国茶叶地理标志保护的政策目标和发展策略。
全文共分六部分。
第一部分引言阐述了我国茶叶地理标志的研究背景,明确我国茶叶地理标志保护的研究意义,分析了国内外茶叶地理标志研究概况,提出我国茶叶地理标志研究的主要内容和方法。
第二部分茶叶地理标志保护的理论解释从国际、国内两个视野分析茶叶地理标志相关概念的界定及其历史演进过程,运用资产专用性理论、产权理论和信息不对称理论,结合茶叶地理标志的保护模式阐释我国茶叶地理标志的知识产权属性。
第三部分茶叶地理标志保护的利益冲突分析了我国茶叶地理标志保护的利益冲突主体及相互间的利益关系,明确我国茶叶地理标志保护的利益冲突根源主要包括不同利益方的非合作竞争、销售商的“搭便车”行为以及短期利益的资源掠夺利茶叶地理标志长期利益间的矛盾等三个方面。在此基础上,结合我国茶叶地理标志的收益和成本分析等经济学理论,提出我国茶叶地理标志保护的利益协调形式。
第四部分茶叶地理标志保护的个案研究以龙井茶、信阳毛尖以及印度大吉岭茶为研究对象,分析三种名茶在不同时期、不同条件下实施地理标志保护的具体措施和管理模式,同时比较了实施地理标志保护对名茶产业及相关产业的促进和带动作用。
第五部分茶叶地理标志保护的政策目标及制度重构在综合分析我国茶叶地理标志保护的基础上,提出我国茶叶地理标志保护的政策目标和发展策略,为我国茶叶地理标志制度的重构提供理论基础和实证依据。
第六部分结论与展望从效益和利益角度总结出茶叶地理标志保护的意义,明确茶叶地理标志保护的可持续发展思路,指出本研究的不足和后续相关研究的方向。
Protection of geographical indication has recently been one of the important topics in the field of international intellectual property. To protect geographical indication is not only our country's obligation as a member of WTO, but also beneficial for the products with Chinese characteristic and national products with high quality to maintain its international advantages, for agricultural economy to facilitate its development and for Chinese agricultural products to boost its ability of global competition. A protected geographical indication is a geographical appellation of one nation, region or place, playing a part in distinguishing sources of products, which quality and characteristics completely or mainly drives from the geographical environment, including natural and cultural factors. China is a tea's great power, there are intimate relationships between the unique quality of all teas and their geographical environment, and so, China tea is one of the most suitable agricultural produce which should be protected by geographical indication. However, there are little China tea which are protected by geographical indication effectively recently. At the same time, some disharmony phenomena, such as disharmony of laws and regulations, interest conflict in multi-party, management of multi administration, etal, is very universal in the course of Chinese tea geographical indications protection.
Based on the "theory- interest - harmony -policy" structure, this thesis expounds the concept of tea geographical indication and the attribute in terms of intellectual property. It gives an analysis, in the link of the actual state of legal protection of tea geographical indications in China, on those conflict of interest within current China's legal system of tea geographical indication protection.
The thesis is divided into six parts.
Part one: Introduction. In this part, it expatiates the research background of geographical indications of China tea, definitudes the research meaning of geographical indications of China tea, analyzes the research survey of tea geographical indications at home and abroad, and the main research contents and methods of protection of geographical indications of China tea is put forward at the end .
Part two: The theoretical explanation of protection of geographical indications. In this part, the conception definition of tea geographical indications and its historical development course are analyzed from two vision fields in Chinese and international, the attributions about intellectual property right of geographical indications of China tea is explained, which based on the theories of asset specificity, property right and information asymmetry, combining protection mode of tea geographical indications.
Part three: Interest conflict in protection of geographical indications. In this part, the subject of interest conflict and interrelations about the protection of geographical indications of China tea are analyzed, definitudes the origin of interest conflict, which includes the non-cooperating -competition between different stakeholders, the hitchhike behaviors of tea seller , the contradictions between short-time benefit from resources plunderer and long -time benefit of tea geographical indications. On this basis, combining two economics theories in geographical indications of China tea, which are income and cost analyses, the benefit coordination modes of protection of geographical indications of China tea are put forward.
Part four: The case study. In this part, studies three famous teas, China Longjing tea, China Xinyang maojian tea and India Darjeeling tea mainly, introduces different protection measures and management method,of three famous teas in different periods and conditions. At the same time, the promotion effect on the tea industry and relative industry after protection of geographical indications are analyzed.
Part five: Policy objective and system reconstruction of China tea geographical indications. In this part, it puts forward policy objectives and system reconstruction about protection of Chinese tea geographical indications on the basis of comprehensive analysis of protection of geographical indication, which supply theoretic basis and empirical thereunder for the reestablishment of protection institution of Chinese tea geographical indications.
Part six: Summary and advance prospect. In this part, it sums the significations of Chinese tea geographical indications, definitudes its ideas of sustainable development. Finally, the deficiency of this study and correlative research direction of Chinese tea geographical indications are put forward.
引文
[1]芦珊珊.我国茶叶的地理标志保护[J].农村经济与科技,2005,11:37-38
[2]叶乃兴,郑乃辉,杨江帆.福建名茶与原产地保护[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2004,33(4):459-462
[3]董炳和.地理标志知识产权制度研究[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2005:5-50
[4]刘云飞.原产地保护制度及规则构筑之思路[J].贵州警官职业学院学报,2003,15(3):19-22
[5]崔建军.浅析我国地理标志(原产地名称)的保护方式[J].西藏科技,2006(10):26-28
[6]李鹏,姜含春等.我国茶叶原产地域产品保护及其思路[J].中国茶叶加工,2006,1:11-13
[7]李向晓.原产地保护--名、特、优的护身符[J].科技和产业,2004,4(7):43-44
[8]Addor,E and A.Grazioli.Geographical indications beyond wines and spirit:A roadmap for a better protection for geographical indications in the WTO/TRIPs Agreement[J].Journal of World Intellectual Property,2002,5(6):865-896.
[9]Sanjeev Agarwal and Michael J.Barone.Emerging Issues for Geographical Indication Branding Strategies.http://www.matric.iastate.edu
[10]Darjeeling tea(India),Ceylon tea(Sri Lanka),Illiam Tea(Nepal).http://www.origin-gi.com
[11]杨江帆.茶叶国际化经营[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:128-145.
[12]杨伟丽,邓克尼.略论世界茶叶产销形势的发展变化[J].湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2003,(4)2:43-44,85
[13]Das,N.K.Protection of Darjeeling tea,paper presented at Worldwide Symposium on Geographical Indications,WlPO and USPTO.http://www.wipo.int.
[14]Niranjan Rao,Calindi.Geographical indications in Indian context:A case study of Darjeeling tea.,New Delhi Press.2003:110-121.
[15]Stéphane PASSERI.International legal protection of Geographical Indications:European and Asian experiences,http://www.ecap-project,org
[16]刘秀容.浅谈中国名茶的“身份证”--原产地标记[J].福建茶叶,2002,3:39-40
[17]季小明,韩国珍.加强洞庭碧螺春原产地保护[J].江苏农村经济,2006,4:40-41
[18]吕立哲,魏慧.信阳毛尖茶原产地保护和开发利用[J].中国茶叶加工,2005,2:30-31
[19]谷辽海.西湖龙井岂能做大成为“浙江龙井”.http://www.chinavalue.net
[20]汤一,周树红.关于龙井茶原产地保护规则之探讨[J].中国茶叶,2000,2:20-21
[21]曹淑华,张谋贵.安徽省茶叶产业化建设存在的问题与对策[J].安徽农业科学,2002,30(4):520-522
[22]韩冰,傅新红.关于茶叶产业化发展的思考[J].农村经济,2003,6:22-24
[23]刘贵芳,袁长彬.试论郴州茶叶产业化开发[J].茶叶通讯,1997,3:45-47
[24]叶秋萍,张宝秀.浅谈福建乌龙茶原产保地护[J].福建茶叶,2006,(1):34-35
[25]Cohen,Dorothy."Trademark Strategy Revisited." Journal of Marketing,1991,55(7):46-59
[26]Bilkey,Warren J.,and Erik Nes.Country-of-Origin Effects on Product Evaluations.Journal of International Business Studies 1982.13(3):89-99
[27]Babcock,Bruce A.Geographical Indications,Property Rights,and Value-Added Agriculture.Iowa Ag Review,2003.9(4):1-3
[28]任自力TRIPS协议与中国工业产权制度--原产地名称保护略探[J].河北法学,1997(4)
[29]郭宝明.入世我国的原产地名称(地理标志)保护初探.法律图书馆网,2004
[30]王莲峰.我国地理标志立法模式选择[J].《法律适用》,2003(7):18-19
[31]王莲峰.制定我国地理标志保护法的构想[J].《人民司法》,2003(10):22-23
[32]牛德生.资产专用性理论分析[J].经济经纬2004,3:18-21
[33]徐颖.西方经济学的产权理论[J].经济研究,2004,4:40-44.
[34]余津津.国外声誉理论研究综述[J].经济纵横,2003,10:60-63.
[35]和金生,李国春.谈谈波特竞争模型中的合作因素[J].中北大学学报(社会科学版),2005,21(5):25-27.
[36]张今.知识产权新视野[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2002,266
[37]吴汉东,胡开忠.无形财产权制度研究[M].北京:法律出版社,2001.472
[38]刘成伟.加强地理标志的商标保护[J].知识产权,2002,(2):34.
[39]张翔飞,张炳生,蒋万来.知识产权新论[M].北京:人民法院出版社,2002,455
[40]孔祥俊.WTO知识产权协定及其国内适用[M].北京:法律出版社,2002
[41]汤宗舜.知识产权的国际保护[M].北京:人民法院出版社,1999
[42]国务院法制办公室教科文卫法制司.知识产权法律法规精选[M].北京:法制出版社,2002.97
[43]王志丽.实施原产地域产品保护制度,提高农产品国际竞争力[J].中国农业报2002(4)
[44]刘丽娟,徐进亮.原产地规则--产生、运用及改革[M]北京:中国经济出版社,1998
[45]Williamson,O.E,The Vertical Integration of Production:Marketfailure Considerations, American Economic Review,1971(61):316-325
[46]牛德生 资产专用性理论分析 经济经纬[J]2004(3):18-21)。
[47]陈郁(编译).企业制度与市场组织--交易费用经济学文选[M].上海:上海三联书店,上海人民出版社,1996
[48]科斯.财产权利和制度变迁[M].上海:上海三联书店出版社,1991
[49]Harold Demsets,Toward a theory rights,American Econmomic Review,1967,57,347-359
[50]约瑟夫·斯蒂格里兹.政府经济学[M].曾强等译.春秋出版社,1988,198
[51]魏崇辉.论科斯产权理论的基本特点和借鉴意义[J].盐城师范学院学报,2003,(23)1:21-24
[52]蔡宝刚.强化地理标志法律保护的法理分析[J].法学杂志2003,24(7):25-27
[53]李东生.运用地理标志促进农民增收[J].中国经济信息2005,19:18
[54]侯超杰我国运用地理标志促进农村经济发展成效分析[J].中国地理标志网www.Chinagi.org)
[55]George J.Stigler.The Economics of Information[J].Journal of Political Economy,1961,69(3):213-225.
[56]Phillip Nelson.Information and Consumer Behavior[J].Journal of Political Economy,1970,78(2):311-329.
[57]Michael Darby and Edi Karni.Free Competition and the Optimal Amount of Fraud[J].Journal of Law and Economics,1973,16(1):67-88.
[58]George A.Akerlof.The Market for 'Lemons':Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1970,84(8):488-500.
[59]Carl Shapiro.Consumer Information,Product Quality an Seller Reputation[J].Bell Journal of Economics,1982,13(1):20-35
[60]CarlShapiro.Premiums for High Quality Products as a Returnto Reputations[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1983,79:659-679.
[61]苏祝成 童启庆 茶叶交易中的信息问题及其市场纠正[J]生态经济2000(12):45-47[补文献])
[62]姚坤.地理标志是涉农的知识产权制度[J].中华商标,2005,(3):19.
[63]曾陈明.商标法原理[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003.
[64]李争平,孙丽丽.地理标志保护也是无形资产[N].经济日报,2004,08,07
[65]刘春荣:关于加强寒地黑土地理标志权保护的法理思考[J].边疆经济与文化2007,39(3):118-120
[66]Conrad.The Protection of Geographical Indications in the TRIPS Agreement, 1996,86,11
[67]J.Thmos McCarthy and Veronica Colby Devitt.Protection of Geographical Denominations:Domestic and International,1979,69,199,11
[68]赵小平 地理标识保护与提高我国农产品竞争力[J].山西大学学报2006,29(4):45-48
[69]Azmi,Ida Maidieha,Spyros Maniatis and BankoleSodipo.Distinctive signs and early markets:Europe,Africa and Islam,in Alison Firth,ed.,The prehistory and development of intellectual property systems.,London:Sweet and Maxwell,p137]1997:
[70]Frank I,Schechter.The history Foundations of the Law Relating to Trade-marks,The Lawbook Exchange,Ltd.,1999,94-95
[71]Ladas,Patents,Trademarks,and Related:Rights:National and International Protection,Cambridge,Mass.Harvard University Press,1975,31
[72]吴汉东.无形财产权制度研究[M].北京:法律出版社2001.481
[73]马晓莉.地理标志立法模式之比较分析[J].研究与探讨2003(1):52-56
[74]周路海,陆瑶君.企业与利益相关人[J].商场现代化,2007(3):86
[75]郭福金.实施地理标志产品保护推进地方区域经济发展[J].中国质量与品牌,2006(5):20-22
[76]Williamson,O.E,The Economic Institution of Capitalism[M].New York:1985
[77]卢现祥.西方新制度经济学[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2003,93
[78]王玉霞.销售商搭便车行为及其防范[J].商业研究,1999(8):41-42
[79]陈昭国.生态环境危机中的利益冲突探析[J].四川林勘设计,2007(1):20-24
[80]剧宇宏.论自然资源权[A].中国法学会环境资源法学研究会年会论文集,2003,185
[81]张辉.论地理标志权之经济法属性[J].法学论坛,2005,20(1):97-103
[82]王笑冰 地理标志的经济分析[J].学术论坛,2005,15(5)20-26
[83]W.Moran,Rural Space as intellectual property[J].Political Geography,1993,12(3):263-277.
[84]Pinna,Giovanni.Che cosa bolle davvero in pentola[J].Panorama,2002,32,45
[85]Tea Board of India,The Experience of Indian Tea Producers:Protection of Darjeeling Tea[J].World Wide Symposium on Geographical Indications,2003(7):9-11
[86]R.Cornes and T.Sandier,The Theory of Externalities,Public Goods and Club Goods,2nd edition,Cambridge,UK,Cambridge University Press,1996
[87]Paul A.Samuelson.The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure,Review of Economics and Statistics,36,November 2004,387-389.
[88]Gordon Smith and Russel Parr.Valuation of Intellectual Property and Intangible Assets[J].1994,204(2),20
[89]Walker,Loreen.Geographical Indication[J].The Gleaner,2004(4):29.
[90]Francois Vital.Protection of geographical indications:The approach of the European Union,WIPO,Symposium on the International Protection of Geographical Indications,Somerset West,Cape Province[J].,Carlos Correa,1999,21
[91]刘春田.中国知识产权评论[M].北京:商务印书馆,2002.
[92]郭桂义,孙慕芳等.信阳毛尖茶[J].中国茶叶加工2003(4):20-22
[93]商综“公司+农户+商标”成为农民增收新模式[J].中华商标2004(12):10-12
[94]中郡联合地理标志研究中心 第一次全国地理标志调研报告(2005)
[95]张维克,刘振磊.地理标志保护与名优特农产品的发展[J].青岛行政学院学报,2004(4):85-88
[96]戚景莲.大力推进地理标志产品保护工作[J].今日科技,2006(6):35-37
[97]董葆霖,郭修申.运用农产品商标和地理标志服务“三农”的理论和实践[J].知识产权,2005(3):8-12
[98]多米尼克.菲莉奥.原产地名称[A].北京:经济管理出版社,1991
[99]王莲峰.地理标志保护模式之争与我国的立法选择[J].华东政法学院学报2006,49(6):44-51
[100]赵玺.试论我国地理标志的立法模式选择[J].法制与社会2006(10):220-221
[101]沈培和,刘栩.谈西湖龙井与浙江龙井的“统”与“分”[J]..中国茶叶,1996(5):20-23
[102]段民兴.论对原产地名称的保护中国社会科学院研究生院硕士学位论文2002,26
[103]王笑冰.论地理标志的法律保护[J].中国人民大学出版社2006(3):238-239
[104]张玉敏.我国地理标志法律保护的制度选择[J].知识产权2005(1):11-13
[105]张学雷.论加强我国地理标志的保护[J].商场现代化2007(1):258-259
[2]叶乃兴,郑乃辉,杨江帆.福建名茶与原产地保护[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2004,33(4):459-462
[3]董炳和.地理标志知识产权制度研究[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2005:5-50
[4]刘云飞.原产地保护制度及规则构筑之思路[J].贵州警官职业学院学报,2003,15(3):19-22
[5]崔建军.浅析我国地理标志(原产地名称)的保护方式[J].西藏科技,2006(10):26-28
[6]李鹏,姜含春等.我国茶叶原产地域产品保护及其思路[J].中国茶叶加工,2006,1:11-13
[7]李向晓.原产地保护--名、特、优的护身符[J].科技和产业,2004,4(7):43-44
[8]Addor,E and A.Grazioli.Geographical indications beyond wines and spirit:A roadmap for a better protection for geographical indications in the WTO/TRIPs Agreement[J].Journal of World Intellectual Property,2002,5(6):865-896.
[9]Sanjeev Agarwal and Michael J.Barone.Emerging Issues for Geographical Indication Branding Strategies.http://www.matric.iastate.edu
[10]Darjeeling tea(India),Ceylon tea(Sri Lanka),Illiam Tea(Nepal).http://www.origin-gi.com
[11]杨江帆.茶叶国际化经营[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:128-145.
[12]杨伟丽,邓克尼.略论世界茶叶产销形势的发展变化[J].湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2003,(4)2:43-44,85
[13]Das,N.K.Protection of Darjeeling tea,paper presented at Worldwide Symposium on Geographical Indications,WlPO and USPTO.http://www.wipo.int.
[14]Niranjan Rao,Calindi.Geographical indications in Indian context:A case study of Darjeeling tea.,New Delhi Press.2003:110-121.
[15]Stéphane PASSERI.International legal protection of Geographical Indications:European and Asian experiences,http://www.ecap-project,org
[16]刘秀容.浅谈中国名茶的“身份证”--原产地标记[J].福建茶叶,2002,3:39-40
[17]季小明,韩国珍.加强洞庭碧螺春原产地保护[J].江苏农村经济,2006,4:40-41
[18]吕立哲,魏慧.信阳毛尖茶原产地保护和开发利用[J].中国茶叶加工,2005,2:30-31
[19]谷辽海.西湖龙井岂能做大成为“浙江龙井”.http://www.chinavalue.net
[20]汤一,周树红.关于龙井茶原产地保护规则之探讨[J].中国茶叶,2000,2:20-21
[21]曹淑华,张谋贵.安徽省茶叶产业化建设存在的问题与对策[J].安徽农业科学,2002,30(4):520-522
[22]韩冰,傅新红.关于茶叶产业化发展的思考[J].农村经济,2003,6:22-24
[23]刘贵芳,袁长彬.试论郴州茶叶产业化开发[J].茶叶通讯,1997,3:45-47
[24]叶秋萍,张宝秀.浅谈福建乌龙茶原产保地护[J].福建茶叶,2006,(1):34-35
[25]Cohen,Dorothy."Trademark Strategy Revisited." Journal of Marketing,1991,55(7):46-59
[26]Bilkey,Warren J.,and Erik Nes.Country-of-Origin Effects on Product Evaluations.Journal of International Business Studies 1982.13(3):89-99
[27]Babcock,Bruce A.Geographical Indications,Property Rights,and Value-Added Agriculture.Iowa Ag Review,2003.9(4):1-3
[28]任自力TRIPS协议与中国工业产权制度--原产地名称保护略探[J].河北法学,1997(4)
[29]郭宝明.入世我国的原产地名称(地理标志)保护初探.法律图书馆网,2004
[30]王莲峰.我国地理标志立法模式选择[J].《法律适用》,2003(7):18-19
[31]王莲峰.制定我国地理标志保护法的构想[J].《人民司法》,2003(10):22-23
[32]牛德生.资产专用性理论分析[J].经济经纬2004,3:18-21
[33]徐颖.西方经济学的产权理论[J].经济研究,2004,4:40-44.
[34]余津津.国外声誉理论研究综述[J].经济纵横,2003,10:60-63.
[35]和金生,李国春.谈谈波特竞争模型中的合作因素[J].中北大学学报(社会科学版),2005,21(5):25-27.
[36]张今.知识产权新视野[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2002,266
[37]吴汉东,胡开忠.无形财产权制度研究[M].北京:法律出版社,2001.472
[38]刘成伟.加强地理标志的商标保护[J].知识产权,2002,(2):34.
[39]张翔飞,张炳生,蒋万来.知识产权新论[M].北京:人民法院出版社,2002,455
[40]孔祥俊.WTO知识产权协定及其国内适用[M].北京:法律出版社,2002
[41]汤宗舜.知识产权的国际保护[M].北京:人民法院出版社,1999
[42]国务院法制办公室教科文卫法制司.知识产权法律法规精选[M].北京:法制出版社,2002.97
[43]王志丽.实施原产地域产品保护制度,提高农产品国际竞争力[J].中国农业报2002(4)
[44]刘丽娟,徐进亮.原产地规则--产生、运用及改革[M]北京:中国经济出版社,1998
[45]Williamson,O.E,The Vertical Integration of Production:Marketfailure Considerations, American Economic Review,1971(61):316-325
[46]牛德生 资产专用性理论分析 经济经纬[J]2004(3):18-21)。
[47]陈郁(编译).企业制度与市场组织--交易费用经济学文选[M].上海:上海三联书店,上海人民出版社,1996
[48]科斯.财产权利和制度变迁[M].上海:上海三联书店出版社,1991
[49]Harold Demsets,Toward a theory rights,American Econmomic Review,1967,57,347-359
[50]约瑟夫·斯蒂格里兹.政府经济学[M].曾强等译.春秋出版社,1988,198
[51]魏崇辉.论科斯产权理论的基本特点和借鉴意义[J].盐城师范学院学报,2003,(23)1:21-24
[52]蔡宝刚.强化地理标志法律保护的法理分析[J].法学杂志2003,24(7):25-27
[53]李东生.运用地理标志促进农民增收[J].中国经济信息2005,19:18
[54]侯超杰我国运用地理标志促进农村经济发展成效分析[J].中国地理标志网www.Chinagi.org)
[55]George J.Stigler.The Economics of Information[J].Journal of Political Economy,1961,69(3):213-225.
[56]Phillip Nelson.Information and Consumer Behavior[J].Journal of Political Economy,1970,78(2):311-329.
[57]Michael Darby and Edi Karni.Free Competition and the Optimal Amount of Fraud[J].Journal of Law and Economics,1973,16(1):67-88.
[58]George A.Akerlof.The Market for 'Lemons':Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1970,84(8):488-500.
[59]Carl Shapiro.Consumer Information,Product Quality an Seller Reputation[J].Bell Journal of Economics,1982,13(1):20-35
[60]CarlShapiro.Premiums for High Quality Products as a Returnto Reputations[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1983,79:659-679.
[61]苏祝成 童启庆 茶叶交易中的信息问题及其市场纠正[J]生态经济2000(12):45-47[补文献])
[62]姚坤.地理标志是涉农的知识产权制度[J].中华商标,2005,(3):19.
[63]曾陈明.商标法原理[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003.
[64]李争平,孙丽丽.地理标志保护也是无形资产[N].经济日报,2004,08,07
[65]刘春荣:关于加强寒地黑土地理标志权保护的法理思考[J].边疆经济与文化2007,39(3):118-120
[66]Conrad.The Protection of Geographical Indications in the TRIPS Agreement, 1996,86,11
[67]J.Thmos McCarthy and Veronica Colby Devitt.Protection of Geographical Denominations:Domestic and International,1979,69,199,11
[68]赵小平 地理标识保护与提高我国农产品竞争力[J].山西大学学报2006,29(4):45-48
[69]Azmi,Ida Maidieha,Spyros Maniatis and BankoleSodipo.Distinctive signs and early markets:Europe,Africa and Islam,in Alison Firth,ed.,The prehistory and development of intellectual property systems.,London:Sweet and Maxwell,p137]1997:
[70]Frank I,Schechter.The history Foundations of the Law Relating to Trade-marks,The Lawbook Exchange,Ltd.,1999,94-95
[71]Ladas,Patents,Trademarks,and Related:Rights:National and International Protection,Cambridge,Mass.Harvard University Press,1975,31
[72]吴汉东.无形财产权制度研究[M].北京:法律出版社2001.481
[73]马晓莉.地理标志立法模式之比较分析[J].研究与探讨2003(1):52-56
[74]周路海,陆瑶君.企业与利益相关人[J].商场现代化,2007(3):86
[75]郭福金.实施地理标志产品保护推进地方区域经济发展[J].中国质量与品牌,2006(5):20-22
[76]Williamson,O.E,The Economic Institution of Capitalism[M].New York:1985
[77]卢现祥.西方新制度经济学[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2003,93
[78]王玉霞.销售商搭便车行为及其防范[J].商业研究,1999(8):41-42
[79]陈昭国.生态环境危机中的利益冲突探析[J].四川林勘设计,2007(1):20-24
[80]剧宇宏.论自然资源权[A].中国法学会环境资源法学研究会年会论文集,2003,185
[81]张辉.论地理标志权之经济法属性[J].法学论坛,2005,20(1):97-103
[82]王笑冰 地理标志的经济分析[J].学术论坛,2005,15(5)20-26
[83]W.Moran,Rural Space as intellectual property[J].Political Geography,1993,12(3):263-277.
[84]Pinna,Giovanni.Che cosa bolle davvero in pentola[J].Panorama,2002,32,45
[85]Tea Board of India,The Experience of Indian Tea Producers:Protection of Darjeeling Tea[J].World Wide Symposium on Geographical Indications,2003(7):9-11
[86]R.Cornes and T.Sandier,The Theory of Externalities,Public Goods and Club Goods,2nd edition,Cambridge,UK,Cambridge University Press,1996
[87]Paul A.Samuelson.The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure,Review of Economics and Statistics,36,November 2004,387-389.
[88]Gordon Smith and Russel Parr.Valuation of Intellectual Property and Intangible Assets[J].1994,204(2),20
[89]Walker,Loreen.Geographical Indication[J].The Gleaner,2004(4):29.
[90]Francois Vital.Protection of geographical indications:The approach of the European Union,WIPO,Symposium on the International Protection of Geographical Indications,Somerset West,Cape Province[J].,Carlos Correa,1999,21
[91]刘春田.中国知识产权评论[M].北京:商务印书馆,2002.
[92]郭桂义,孙慕芳等.信阳毛尖茶[J].中国茶叶加工2003(4):20-22
[93]商综“公司+农户+商标”成为农民增收新模式[J].中华商标2004(12):10-12
[94]中郡联合地理标志研究中心 第一次全国地理标志调研报告(2005)
[95]张维克,刘振磊.地理标志保护与名优特农产品的发展[J].青岛行政学院学报,2004(4):85-88
[96]戚景莲.大力推进地理标志产品保护工作[J].今日科技,2006(6):35-37
[97]董葆霖,郭修申.运用农产品商标和地理标志服务“三农”的理论和实践[J].知识产权,2005(3):8-12
[98]多米尼克.菲莉奥.原产地名称[A].北京:经济管理出版社,1991
[99]王莲峰.地理标志保护模式之争与我国的立法选择[J].华东政法学院学报2006,49(6):44-51
[100]赵玺.试论我国地理标志的立法模式选择[J].法制与社会2006(10):220-221
[101]沈培和,刘栩.谈西湖龙井与浙江龙井的“统”与“分”[J]..中国茶叶,1996(5):20-23
[102]段民兴.论对原产地名称的保护中国社会科学院研究生院硕士学位论文2002,26
[103]王笑冰.论地理标志的法律保护[J].中国人民大学出版社2006(3):238-239
[104]张玉敏.我国地理标志法律保护的制度选择[J].知识产权2005(1):11-13
[105]张学雷.论加强我国地理标志的保护[J].商场现代化2007(1):258-259