慢光光纤陀螺关键技术研究
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摘要
光纤陀螺作为惯性测量器件,其潜在的优势和应用前景倍受关注,已成为新一代惯性制导系统的主导器件。随着对光纤陀螺研究的深入,研究人员提出了一系列的改进措施,使光纤陀螺性能不断提高。本学位论文结合“探索一代***预研项目”,对基于慢光技术的耦合谐振腔结构的光纤陀螺原理、陀螺随机噪声和误差的分析与建模、慢光光纤陀螺信号时间差检测等问题展开了深入的研究和探索。
分析慢光产生的机理,以及光纤中慢光的实现方法,为将慢光应用于光纤陀螺奠定了基础。从理论上论证了两种慢光光纤陀螺的结构方案,一种是基于高色散介质中当介质与干涉仪存在相对运动产生Doppler效应的慢光光纤陀螺结构,其刻度因数可以提高ng2倍(ng的量级可达到105～108),但这种结构的陀螺只能用来测量相对旋转,不能作为导航陀螺;另一种是利用高色散介质产生慢光,基于耦合谐振腔的慢光光纤陀螺结构方案,论证其提高陀螺精度的原理,这种结构的陀螺其刻度因数可提高ng/n0倍,给出了慢光光纤陀螺输出信号与谐振腔数目N,耦合系数μ,谐振腔半径R之间的关系,同时设计了慢光光纤陀螺测试单轴转台系统,为探索新型高灵敏度的光纤陀螺奠定了基础。
以加窗函数为基础将动态Allan(DAVar)方差分析方法用于慢光光纤陀螺随机误差分析中。将经典Allan方差与动态Allan(DAVar)方差用于陀螺误差分析的结果进行对比,系统地分析了引起慢光光纤陀螺漂误差的随机噪声的种类及其来源和特性,特别是产生光速减慢的受激布里渊散射(SBS)效应和光速控制不稳恶化了噪声指数,降低信噪比,而动态Allan方差分析方法的优势在于不仅能确定慢光光纤陀螺各种随机误差的系数,而且可以跟踪和描述信号随时间变化的稳定性,通过分析和仿真指出动态Allan方差分析是对慢光光纤陀螺随机误差进行研究的有效方法,可以对影响陀螺精度的主要随机误差项的统计特性进行细致的表征和辨识。
随机漂移也是影响慢光光纤陀螺精度的主要因素,建立慢光光纤陀螺随机漂移数学模型是分析陀螺运动规律、改善其动态性能的基础。采用时间序列ARMA模型建立随机漂移模型,针对慢光光纤陀螺SBS效应使光速变慢引入新的附加噪声后,时间序列模型辨识精度低的问题,提出基于衰减正弦曲线方法和相关匹配方法估计ARMA模型系统参数,仿真实验结果表明,对于具有较低信噪比噪声干扰的系统,该算法具有良好的收敛性和准确性,应用该算法所确定的模型对慢光光纤陀螺随机信号模型进行预测,通过对图表的分析可知模型能够比较全面的描述慢光光纤陀螺随机过程的真实全貌,可以对随机信号中的变化进行基本准确的预测分析。
针对采用慢光技术的新型光纤陀螺中两束反向传播光的时间差量级在ns级左右,提出采用时间差检测的方法获得慢光光纤陀螺输出角速度。在理论上对时间差测量的方法进行研究,分析了广义互相关法在时差估计中的应用并做仿真,但该方法对于信噪比较低的信号时间差估计显得无能为力。提出采用四阶累积量的方法对时间差进行估计取得较好的效果,并在噪声相关与不相关的情况下与广义互相关算法时间差估计结果进行了比较。其次研究了几种实际时间差测量方法,采用时间数字转换芯片TDC-GP2对慢光光纤陀螺时间差进行测量,采用粗计数与细时间测量组合的方式,分辨率可达到65ps ,并给出了时间差测量系统硬件框图和软件流程。
Fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) is an inertial measurement unit. The advantage andapplication prospect of FOG is received much concern. It has become the core compo-nent in the new generation of inertial guidance system. In order to improve the perfor-mance, a series of improvement measures are put forward with further study on FOG.Based on requirements of high precision of FOG, principle of FOG consisting of cou-pled micro-ring resonators using slow light technology in fiber, analysis and modeling ofFOG’s random noise and error, and time difference measurement of output signal of slowlight FOG are studied deeply in this dissertation, which is funded by the Pre-ResearchFund for Explore No.1 *** Item. The main contents of this dissertation are as the follows:Principle for producing slow light and slowing velocity of light in fiber are analyzed.
Two structures of fiber optic gyroscope with slow light is analyzed, one of which isdesigned configuration of slow light FOG with slow light that utilizes phenomena ofDoppler effect, it may greatly boost the scale factor of slow light FOG by n2g times (ng as large as 105～108 magnitude). However, the premise of the calculation is thatthere is a relative motion between the interferometer and the medium. This constraintindicates that the gyroscope with slow light is not suitable for the navigation gyroscope.Another structure is based on coupled-resonator fiber optic gyroscope with slow lightthat the group velocity slows down in high dispersive medium. In this dissertation, wedemonstrate the principle of using this process to enhance the sensitivity of fiber opticgyroscope, which can improve the scale factor by ng/n0 times. Meanwhile, the relationis obtained between output signal of new structure FOG and the numbers of coupledresonator rings N, the coupling coefficientμ, the resonator rings’radius R. At the sametime, the single axis table system for test slow light gyroscope is designed. In order tostudy new high sensitivity of FOG, a new way is opened up.
Based on Allan variance principle, the analysis is proposed using dynamic Allanvariance (DAVar) for random error of slow light FOG by the applying of window func-tion to Allan variance. The types, source and characteristics of random noise whichinduce drift error of fiber optic gyroscope is analyzed systematically. Specially, the SBSeffect and stability of light velocity deteriorated noise figure and reduced signal-noise-ratio. The effect of classical Allan variance is to be compared with the DAVar in analysisrandom error of slow light FOG. Dynamic Allan variance has advantages in that not only the method can determine the coefficient of various random drift, but also can track anddescribe the variation in time of the clock stability. The results of simulation data showthat the dynamic Allan variance is the effective method for study the random error offiber optic gyroscope. Meanwhile, this method can reveal and identify in detail the sta-tistical characteristics of main random error which in?uence the precision of slow lightFOG.
The random drift is main factor which in?uence the precision of slow light FOG.The mathematical model of random drift of slow light FOG is the basis to analyze therule of motion of FOG, to improve the dynamic performance. In this dissertation randomdrift model is built by time series ARMA model. Because of the problem that the identifi-cation precision is reduced when noise corrupts the observations. Thus the ARMA modelparameters are obtained directly form the estimates of the damped sinusoidal model pa-rameters with guaranteed stability and using a correlation matching technique. The sim-ulation results show that the proposed method has a good convergence and accuracy,in particular for low signal-to-noise ratio. The determinate ARMA model is applied topredict random signal model of slow light FOG. The model can describe well and trulyrandom process of slow light FOG by analyzing diagram and can predict accurately thechanges of random signal.
Because of the magnitude is about ns of the time difference between two counter-propagating light in the new fiber optic gyroscope by slow light technology, so themethod which using the time difference measurement to derive the angle of slow lightFOG is proposed. In theory we do much research of the time difference measurementmethod and apply and simulate generalized cross correlation algorithm to estimate timedifference, but this method is poor when signal-to-noise radio low in time differenceestimation. In this dissertation the time difference estimation based on fourth-order cu-mulant is proposed. Better effect has been obtained by the method and the results underthe conditions of correlated and uncorrelated noise are compared with generalized crosscorrelation algorithm. Then some time difference measurement is studied and the time-to-digital converter chip TDC-GP2 is used to time difference measurement for slow lightFOG. This method combines coarse-count with fine-counts measurement, and the resolu-tion achieves 65ps. Finally hardware block diagram and software ?ow of time differencemeasurement system is given.
分析慢光产生的机理,以及光纤中慢光的实现方法,为将慢光应用于光纤陀螺奠定了基础。从理论上论证了两种慢光光纤陀螺的结构方案,一种是基于高色散介质中当介质与干涉仪存在相对运动产生Doppler效应的慢光光纤陀螺结构,其刻度因数可以提高ng2倍(ng的量级可达到105～108),但这种结构的陀螺只能用来测量相对旋转,不能作为导航陀螺;另一种是利用高色散介质产生慢光,基于耦合谐振腔的慢光光纤陀螺结构方案,论证其提高陀螺精度的原理,这种结构的陀螺其刻度因数可提高ng/n0倍,给出了慢光光纤陀螺输出信号与谐振腔数目N,耦合系数μ,谐振腔半径R之间的关系,同时设计了慢光光纤陀螺测试单轴转台系统,为探索新型高灵敏度的光纤陀螺奠定了基础。
以加窗函数为基础将动态Allan(DAVar)方差分析方法用于慢光光纤陀螺随机误差分析中。将经典Allan方差与动态Allan(DAVar)方差用于陀螺误差分析的结果进行对比,系统地分析了引起慢光光纤陀螺漂误差的随机噪声的种类及其来源和特性,特别是产生光速减慢的受激布里渊散射(SBS)效应和光速控制不稳恶化了噪声指数,降低信噪比,而动态Allan方差分析方法的优势在于不仅能确定慢光光纤陀螺各种随机误差的系数,而且可以跟踪和描述信号随时间变化的稳定性,通过分析和仿真指出动态Allan方差分析是对慢光光纤陀螺随机误差进行研究的有效方法,可以对影响陀螺精度的主要随机误差项的统计特性进行细致的表征和辨识。
随机漂移也是影响慢光光纤陀螺精度的主要因素,建立慢光光纤陀螺随机漂移数学模型是分析陀螺运动规律、改善其动态性能的基础。采用时间序列ARMA模型建立随机漂移模型,针对慢光光纤陀螺SBS效应使光速变慢引入新的附加噪声后,时间序列模型辨识精度低的问题,提出基于衰减正弦曲线方法和相关匹配方法估计ARMA模型系统参数,仿真实验结果表明,对于具有较低信噪比噪声干扰的系统,该算法具有良好的收敛性和准确性,应用该算法所确定的模型对慢光光纤陀螺随机信号模型进行预测,通过对图表的分析可知模型能够比较全面的描述慢光光纤陀螺随机过程的真实全貌,可以对随机信号中的变化进行基本准确的预测分析。
针对采用慢光技术的新型光纤陀螺中两束反向传播光的时间差量级在ns级左右,提出采用时间差检测的方法获得慢光光纤陀螺输出角速度。在理论上对时间差测量的方法进行研究,分析了广义互相关法在时差估计中的应用并做仿真,但该方法对于信噪比较低的信号时间差估计显得无能为力。提出采用四阶累积量的方法对时间差进行估计取得较好的效果,并在噪声相关与不相关的情况下与广义互相关算法时间差估计结果进行了比较。其次研究了几种实际时间差测量方法,采用时间数字转换芯片TDC-GP2对慢光光纤陀螺时间差进行测量,采用粗计数与细时间测量组合的方式,分辨率可达到65ps ,并给出了时间差测量系统硬件框图和软件流程。
Fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) is an inertial measurement unit. The advantage andapplication prospect of FOG is received much concern. It has become the core compo-nent in the new generation of inertial guidance system. In order to improve the perfor-mance, a series of improvement measures are put forward with further study on FOG.Based on requirements of high precision of FOG, principle of FOG consisting of cou-pled micro-ring resonators using slow light technology in fiber, analysis and modeling ofFOG’s random noise and error, and time difference measurement of output signal of slowlight FOG are studied deeply in this dissertation, which is funded by the Pre-ResearchFund for Explore No.1 *** Item. The main contents of this dissertation are as the follows:Principle for producing slow light and slowing velocity of light in fiber are analyzed.
Two structures of fiber optic gyroscope with slow light is analyzed, one of which isdesigned configuration of slow light FOG with slow light that utilizes phenomena ofDoppler effect, it may greatly boost the scale factor of slow light FOG by n2g times (ng as large as 105～108 magnitude). However, the premise of the calculation is thatthere is a relative motion between the interferometer and the medium. This constraintindicates that the gyroscope with slow light is not suitable for the navigation gyroscope.Another structure is based on coupled-resonator fiber optic gyroscope with slow lightthat the group velocity slows down in high dispersive medium. In this dissertation, wedemonstrate the principle of using this process to enhance the sensitivity of fiber opticgyroscope, which can improve the scale factor by ng/n0 times. Meanwhile, the relationis obtained between output signal of new structure FOG and the numbers of coupledresonator rings N, the coupling coefficientμ, the resonator rings’radius R. At the sametime, the single axis table system for test slow light gyroscope is designed. In order tostudy new high sensitivity of FOG, a new way is opened up.
Based on Allan variance principle, the analysis is proposed using dynamic Allanvariance (DAVar) for random error of slow light FOG by the applying of window func-tion to Allan variance. The types, source and characteristics of random noise whichinduce drift error of fiber optic gyroscope is analyzed systematically. Specially, the SBSeffect and stability of light velocity deteriorated noise figure and reduced signal-noise-ratio. The effect of classical Allan variance is to be compared with the DAVar in analysisrandom error of slow light FOG. Dynamic Allan variance has advantages in that not only the method can determine the coefficient of various random drift, but also can track anddescribe the variation in time of the clock stability. The results of simulation data showthat the dynamic Allan variance is the effective method for study the random error offiber optic gyroscope. Meanwhile, this method can reveal and identify in detail the sta-tistical characteristics of main random error which in?uence the precision of slow lightFOG.
The random drift is main factor which in?uence the precision of slow light FOG.The mathematical model of random drift of slow light FOG is the basis to analyze therule of motion of FOG, to improve the dynamic performance. In this dissertation randomdrift model is built by time series ARMA model. Because of the problem that the identifi-cation precision is reduced when noise corrupts the observations. Thus the ARMA modelparameters are obtained directly form the estimates of the damped sinusoidal model pa-rameters with guaranteed stability and using a correlation matching technique. The sim-ulation results show that the proposed method has a good convergence and accuracy,in particular for low signal-to-noise ratio. The determinate ARMA model is applied topredict random signal model of slow light FOG. The model can describe well and trulyrandom process of slow light FOG by analyzing diagram and can predict accurately thechanges of random signal.
Because of the magnitude is about ns of the time difference between two counter-propagating light in the new fiber optic gyroscope by slow light technology, so themethod which using the time difference measurement to derive the angle of slow lightFOG is proposed. In theory we do much research of the time difference measurementmethod and apply and simulate generalized cross correlation algorithm to estimate timedifference, but this method is poor when signal-to-noise radio low in time differenceestimation. In this dissertation the time difference estimation based on fourth-order cu-mulant is proposed. Better effect has been obtained by the method and the results underthe conditions of correlated and uncorrelated noise are compared with generalized crosscorrelation algorithm. Then some time difference measurement is studied and the time-to-digital converter chip TDC-GP2 is used to time difference measurement for slow lightFOG. This method combines coarse-count with fine-counts measurement, and the resolu-tion achieves 65ps. Finally hardware block diagram and software ?ow of time differencemeasurement system is given.
引文
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