基于磁致伸缩技术的飞机燃油测量系统研究
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摘要
航空电子设备正逐渐向数字化、智能化方向发展,在飞机燃油测量系统中,传统的液位测量技术已经影响了这一趋势的发展。磁致伸缩技术的引入不但解决了这一问题,同时提高了飞机燃油测量系统的测量精度和可靠性。磁致伸缩液位传感器是综合利用磁致伸缩效应、浮力原理、电磁感应、电子技术等多种技术研制而成的液位测量仪表,该传感器系统具有测量误差小、读数准确、测量范围大,维护及使用方便的特点,它在高精度液位测量领域中相对于传统液位传感器具有许多独特的优势。
文中论述了磁致伸缩传感器的工作原理及实现机制。基于该传感器的位移测量原理,设计了激励脉冲发射电路及回波信号处理电路。通过测量发射脉冲与回波脉冲的时间差计算活动磁铁的位置。设计了基于DSP控制器的脉冲计数方式对时间进行精确测量,并采用滤波技术克服外界信号的干扰、仪器使用不当等因素对测量结果产生的误差。
同时,为了减少飞行姿态变化和油箱形状对油量测量精度的影响,提出了基于CATIA软件的燃油体积计算方法。采用三维实体造型技术建立飞机机翼油箱模型,利用油量传感器的输出值及平面切割实体的方法计算燃油体积。
本文将磁致伸缩技术引入到飞机油量的实时测量中,将大大提高燃油油量的测量精度,对完成飞行任务和保证飞行安全具有实际意义,对飞机数字式燃油测量系统的研制和发展具有一定的推动作用和应用价值。
Aeronautic electric equipment has been digital and intellectualized gradually. But the tendency is restrained by tradition level measuring technologies in the aircraft fuel quantity measuring system. The application of magnetostrictive technology not only solves the problem, but also heightens the precision and the reliability. Magnetostrictive liquid level sensor, a kind of instrument for measurement of liquid level, is worked out on the basis of combined use of many technologies such as magnetostriction, flotage principle, electromagnetism induction and electron-technique. The measure instrument has many specialties, such as the error is tinier, the reading is righter, the range of measure is broader, the maintenance and useness is very convenient. As compared with common liquid level sensors, this kind of sensor has a lot of special advantages for high-precise measurement of liquid level.
In this paper, the principle and mechanism of the magnetostrictive displacement sensor are introduced. Basing on the measurement principle of this sensor, the interrogation pulse and the return signal processing circuits are designed. Measurement on the interval between trigger impulse and return impulse corresponds to the position of the moving magnet. The precise time interval measurement with pulse counting is designed by using DSP controller. Using the technique of filter, it minished the measure outcome error of the interference of outside signal and the misuse of apparatus.
In order to decrease the influence of attitude error and the complicated configuration of the aircraft fuel tank, the author brings forward a new method which is based on the software of CATIA to calculate fuel volume. Adopting 3D solid modeling, the model of airfoil fuel tank is established. Using the output value of the fuel sensor and the method of plan cutting entity to calculate the volume of fuel.
In this paper, the magnetostrictive technology is brought in the exact and real-time measurement of the remainder fule quantity, it can improve the accuracy of sensing system greatly, and it plays an importmant role in guarantee the safety of flight in the process of flight. This research can promote digital fuel measurement system and possess some practical value.
文中论述了磁致伸缩传感器的工作原理及实现机制。基于该传感器的位移测量原理,设计了激励脉冲发射电路及回波信号处理电路。通过测量发射脉冲与回波脉冲的时间差计算活动磁铁的位置。设计了基于DSP控制器的脉冲计数方式对时间进行精确测量,并采用滤波技术克服外界信号的干扰、仪器使用不当等因素对测量结果产生的误差。
同时,为了减少飞行姿态变化和油箱形状对油量测量精度的影响,提出了基于CATIA软件的燃油体积计算方法。采用三维实体造型技术建立飞机机翼油箱模型,利用油量传感器的输出值及平面切割实体的方法计算燃油体积。
本文将磁致伸缩技术引入到飞机油量的实时测量中,将大大提高燃油油量的测量精度,对完成飞行任务和保证飞行安全具有实际意义,对飞机数字式燃油测量系统的研制和发展具有一定的推动作用和应用价值。
Aeronautic electric equipment has been digital and intellectualized gradually. But the tendency is restrained by tradition level measuring technologies in the aircraft fuel quantity measuring system. The application of magnetostrictive technology not only solves the problem, but also heightens the precision and the reliability. Magnetostrictive liquid level sensor, a kind of instrument for measurement of liquid level, is worked out on the basis of combined use of many technologies such as magnetostriction, flotage principle, electromagnetism induction and electron-technique. The measure instrument has many specialties, such as the error is tinier, the reading is righter, the range of measure is broader, the maintenance and useness is very convenient. As compared with common liquid level sensors, this kind of sensor has a lot of special advantages for high-precise measurement of liquid level.
In this paper, the principle and mechanism of the magnetostrictive displacement sensor are introduced. Basing on the measurement principle of this sensor, the interrogation pulse and the return signal processing circuits are designed. Measurement on the interval between trigger impulse and return impulse corresponds to the position of the moving magnet. The precise time interval measurement with pulse counting is designed by using DSP controller. Using the technique of filter, it minished the measure outcome error of the interference of outside signal and the misuse of apparatus.
In order to decrease the influence of attitude error and the complicated configuration of the aircraft fuel tank, the author brings forward a new method which is based on the software of CATIA to calculate fuel volume. Adopting 3D solid modeling, the model of airfoil fuel tank is established. Using the output value of the fuel sensor and the method of plan cutting entity to calculate the volume of fuel.
In this paper, the magnetostrictive technology is brought in the exact and real-time measurement of the remainder fule quantity, it can improve the accuracy of sensing system greatly, and it plays an importmant role in guarantee the safety of flight in the process of flight. This research can promote digital fuel measurement system and possess some practical value.
引文
[1]J.Mora, A.Díez, J.L.Cruz, etal. A Magnetostrictive Sensor Interrogated by Fiber Gratings for DC-Current and Temperature Discrimination, IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, 2000.12:1680~1682
[2]Evangelos Hristoforou, Horia Chiriac, Maria Neagu, A New Magnetic Field SensorBased on Magnetostrictive Delay Lines, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMEN-TATION AND MEASUREMENT, 1997.46:632~635
[3]Cristian Fosalau, Mihai Cretu, Octavian Postolache, Circular Displacement Sensor Using Magnetostrictive AmorphousWires,IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS,2000.36:557~560
[4]M.Vázquez,D.X.Chen,The magnetization reversal process in amorphous wires, IEEETrans. Magn.,1995.31:1229~1238
[5]AIR research corporation, Alan Washer, San Antonio Air Logistics Center, Moder-nization and standardization of aircraft fuel quantity indicating systems, IEEE, 1992:335~340
[6]F.Scoppe, Magnetostrictive Torque Transducer,Instrumentation Technology, 1996.19: 95~99
[7]T.K.Worthington,D.A.Thompson IBM,Thomas J.Watson Research Certer, A magnet-oacoustic position sensor, IEEE TRANSSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, 1990, 16:693~694
[8]Srivatsan Chakravarthy,Rajeev Sharma, Rangachar Kasturi,Noncontact Level SensingTechnique Using Computer Vision, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTA-TION AND MEASUREMENT, 2002.4(51):353~361
[9]E.Hristoforou and R.E.Reilly, Displacement sensors using soft magnetostrictivealloys, IEEE Trans.Magn, 1994.9(30):2728~2733
[10]J.Gonzalez, J.M.Blanco and A.Hemando, Stress despendence of magnetostriction inamorphous ferromagners, J.Magnetism Magn.Master, 1992(114):75~81
[11]Sadlik, M.J., Jiles, D.C.Coupled magnetoelastic theory of magnetic and magnetost-rictive hysteresis, Magnetics,IEEE Transactions, 1993.29(4):89~91
[12]M.F.S.Ventim Neves, PhD,A Contactless Torque Sensor Based on The Magnetost-riction property of Amorphous Iron,IEEE 1996.9(10):403~405
[13]Ashley S,Magnetostrictive actuators[J],mechanical Engineering 1998.(6):69~70
[14]杨鑫,磁致伸缩技术在飞机燃油测量系统中的应用,沈阳航空工业学院学报,2004.21:4～6
[15]李楠,吕俊芳,飞机燃油密度实时测量及其实现方法,航空计测技术,2002.1:24~26
[16]关丽,陈行禄,飞机油量传感器布局的 CAD 方法的研究,北京航空航天大学学报,1997.6:783~787
[17]波音 757 客机燃油系统,波音 757 维护手册,1997:1~90
[18] 美 国 MTS 系 统 公 司 , 磁 致 伸 缩 液 位 传 感 器 的 技 术 与 创 新 , 传 感 器 世界,1997,11:30~32
[19]刘建民,庄达民,李德刚,飞机油量传感器德寻优布置,飞机设计,2001.3:42~45
[20]李庆山,潘日敏,戴曙光,杨永才,磁致伸缩位移传感器位移测量研究与实现,仪器仪表学报,2005.26(8):50~52
[21]袁梅,史磊,吴京惠,高精度磁致伸缩燃油油量传感器的结构设计,新技术新仪器,2004.24(4):12~15
[22]鲍芳,李继容,王春荣,磁致伸缩器件及其应用研究,传感器技术,2001.8:26~29
[23]柴宁,现代战斗机燃油测量系统研究,[硕士论文],大连,大连理工大学硕士论文,2005
[24]蒋东方,陈楸,陈明,用神经网络建立飞机油箱余油量测量模型,测控技术,2000,19(9):48~50
[25]赵坚,磁致伸缩位移传感器的最新发展及应用,测控技术,1998,17(2):20~21
[26]吴斌,新型磁致伸缩液位计的检测原理与实现,电子质量,2005.9:11~13
[27]黄卉,磁致伸缩式扭转超声波位移传感器的研究,[硕士论文],北京,北京理工大学,2002
[28]段福宽,计算机辅助飞机油量分析,[硕士论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2004
[29]王朝阳,袁梅,航空用磁致伸缩油量传感器的研究与设计,飞机设计,2004.3:52～54
[30]国防科学技术工业委员会发布,飞机燃油流量传感器通用规范,国防科工委军标出版社发行部出版,2002.2:1~220
[31]陈楸,蒋东方,陈明,飞行中燃油量测量,航空计测技术,2002.20(6):6~8
[32]任波,陈祥光,姜波等,磁致伸缩液位传感器机理研究,传感器技术,2003.22(1):15~18
[33]李一博,磁致伸缩多参数罐储自动计量系统关键技术研究,[硕士论文],天津,天津大学,2003
[34]陶梅真,现代飞机结构综合设计,西安,西北工业大学出版社,2001:1~245
[35]刘和平,严利平,张学锋等,TMS320LF240X DSP 结构、原理及应用,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2002:1~280
[36]李学志,李若松,CATIA 实用教程,北京,清华大学出版社,2004:1~300
[37]王冠华,王伊娜,Multisim 8 电路设计及应用,北京,国防工业出版社,2006:1~208
[2]Evangelos Hristoforou, Horia Chiriac, Maria Neagu, A New Magnetic Field SensorBased on Magnetostrictive Delay Lines, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMEN-TATION AND MEASUREMENT, 1997.46:632~635
[3]Cristian Fosalau, Mihai Cretu, Octavian Postolache, Circular Displacement Sensor Using Magnetostrictive AmorphousWires,IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS,2000.36:557~560
[4]M.Vázquez,D.X.Chen,The magnetization reversal process in amorphous wires, IEEETrans. Magn.,1995.31:1229~1238
[5]AIR research corporation, Alan Washer, San Antonio Air Logistics Center, Moder-nization and standardization of aircraft fuel quantity indicating systems, IEEE, 1992:335~340
[6]F.Scoppe, Magnetostrictive Torque Transducer,Instrumentation Technology, 1996.19: 95~99
[7]T.K.Worthington,D.A.Thompson IBM,Thomas J.Watson Research Certer, A magnet-oacoustic position sensor, IEEE TRANSSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, 1990, 16:693~694
[8]Srivatsan Chakravarthy,Rajeev Sharma, Rangachar Kasturi,Noncontact Level SensingTechnique Using Computer Vision, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTA-TION AND MEASUREMENT, 2002.4(51):353~361
[9]E.Hristoforou and R.E.Reilly, Displacement sensors using soft magnetostrictivealloys, IEEE Trans.Magn, 1994.9(30):2728~2733
[10]J.Gonzalez, J.M.Blanco and A.Hemando, Stress despendence of magnetostriction inamorphous ferromagners, J.Magnetism Magn.Master, 1992(114):75~81
[11]Sadlik, M.J., Jiles, D.C.Coupled magnetoelastic theory of magnetic and magnetost-rictive hysteresis, Magnetics,IEEE Transactions, 1993.29(4):89~91
[12]M.F.S.Ventim Neves, PhD,A Contactless Torque Sensor Based on The Magnetost-riction property of Amorphous Iron,IEEE 1996.9(10):403~405
[13]Ashley S,Magnetostrictive actuators[J],mechanical Engineering 1998.(6):69~70
[14]杨鑫,磁致伸缩技术在飞机燃油测量系统中的应用,沈阳航空工业学院学报,2004.21:4～6
[15]李楠,吕俊芳,飞机燃油密度实时测量及其实现方法,航空计测技术,2002.1:24~26
[16]关丽,陈行禄,飞机油量传感器布局的 CAD 方法的研究,北京航空航天大学学报,1997.6:783~787
[17]波音 757 客机燃油系统,波音 757 维护手册,1997:1~90
[18] 美 国 MTS 系 统 公 司 , 磁 致 伸 缩 液 位 传 感 器 的 技 术 与 创 新 , 传 感 器 世界,1997,11:30~32
[19]刘建民,庄达民,李德刚,飞机油量传感器德寻优布置,飞机设计,2001.3:42~45
[20]李庆山,潘日敏,戴曙光,杨永才,磁致伸缩位移传感器位移测量研究与实现,仪器仪表学报,2005.26(8):50~52
[21]袁梅,史磊,吴京惠,高精度磁致伸缩燃油油量传感器的结构设计,新技术新仪器,2004.24(4):12~15
[22]鲍芳,李继容,王春荣,磁致伸缩器件及其应用研究,传感器技术,2001.8:26~29
[23]柴宁,现代战斗机燃油测量系统研究,[硕士论文],大连,大连理工大学硕士论文,2005
[24]蒋东方,陈楸,陈明,用神经网络建立飞机油箱余油量测量模型,测控技术,2000,19(9):48~50
[25]赵坚,磁致伸缩位移传感器的最新发展及应用,测控技术,1998,17(2):20~21
[26]吴斌,新型磁致伸缩液位计的检测原理与实现,电子质量,2005.9:11~13
[27]黄卉,磁致伸缩式扭转超声波位移传感器的研究,[硕士论文],北京,北京理工大学,2002
[28]段福宽,计算机辅助飞机油量分析,[硕士论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2004
[29]王朝阳,袁梅,航空用磁致伸缩油量传感器的研究与设计,飞机设计,2004.3:52～54
[30]国防科学技术工业委员会发布,飞机燃油流量传感器通用规范,国防科工委军标出版社发行部出版,2002.2:1~220
[31]陈楸,蒋东方,陈明,飞行中燃油量测量,航空计测技术,2002.20(6):6~8
[32]任波,陈祥光,姜波等,磁致伸缩液位传感器机理研究,传感器技术,2003.22(1):15~18
[33]李一博,磁致伸缩多参数罐储自动计量系统关键技术研究,[硕士论文],天津,天津大学,2003
[34]陶梅真,现代飞机结构综合设计,西安,西北工业大学出版社,2001:1~245
[35]刘和平,严利平,张学锋等,TMS320LF240X DSP 结构、原理及应用,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2002:1~280
[36]李学志,李若松,CATIA 实用教程,北京,清华大学出版社,2004:1~300
[37]王冠华,王伊娜,Multisim 8 电路设计及应用,北京,国防工业出版社,2006:1~208