中国种植业优势区域及其耕地保护策略
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
耕地保护是我国的一项基本国策,但运行效果并不十分理想,其中一个重要原因就是在全国范围内平均用力,实行“一刀切”模式。本文提出并论证了种植业优势区域是耕地保护的重点区域这一基本观点和策略,并采用信息量法在县级尺度上测度了7种主要农作物区域优势,以信息量为基础识别和划分了相应的优势区域,探讨了它们的形成、演化规律及其与种植业布局变化的关系,最后选择并确定了种植业7个主要优势区域,作为耕地的重点保护区域,并以这一基本策略为依据,结合灰色关联分析提出了相应的耕地保护措施。这一研究以种植业区域优势测度和优势区域的识别、划分与选择为重点,试图回答我国究竟哪里应该保护耕地?为什么那里要保护耕地?那里应该怎样保护耕地等基本问题,从一个方面丰富了耕地保护的研究内容,为耕地保护政策有效实施和种植业优势区建设提供了客观依据,对种植业结构调整和合理布局也具有一定指导作用。主要结论如下:
     (1)根据信息量法模型与要求,构建了“本源+表象”综合指标体系、解决了指标分级、样本单元选择、信息量计算与分析、变量与信息量组合等技术问题,测度了7种主要农作物的区域优势。这一方法克服了多变量分析中权重赋值的主观性,同时还考虑了指标值级的影响,计算简便,结果可信。
     (2)种植业区域优势根据总信息量大小可划分为优势、弱势与劣势3类,评价单元可相应归为优势单元、弱势单元和劣势单元。以区域优势为基础,遵循一定的原则,识别和划分出7种主要农作物的优势区域。水稻有长江中下游、东南沿海和四川盆地3个优势区。小麦有黄淮海、长江中下游和四川盆地3个优势区。玉米有东北、北方、西南和新疆4个优势区。大豆有东北、北方和西南3个优势区。薯类有东北、北方和西南3个优势区。棉花有西北、黄淮海和长江中下游3个优势区。油料有华北、长江中下游、四川盆地和东南沿海4个优势区。长江中下游、黄淮海和东北地区还是我国最重要的种植业双重优势区。同时,长江中下游还是最显著的种植业三重优势区。
     (3)根据众数变量和信息量组合的时空变化规律,识别出影响7种主要农作物各优势区形成的主导因素、积极因素和限制因素。在所有优势区中,播种面积、单产、有效灌溉率、农业供水能力、土地生产潜力和劳均耕地面积出现频率最高,在种植业优势区域的形成过程中起主导作用。平均信息量的变化反映了各优势区近20年的演化过程与发展轨迹。尽管生产状况有所不同,但7种主要农作物各优势区的区域优势总体均趋于增强,优势单元数量增加,空间分布更加集中,且优势区地理位置向北移动。
     (4)生产布局现状图和差值图显示,我国种植业在空间上向北迁移,北方已成为种植业生产重心。优势区是稳定的生产中心,诱导或吸引种植业生产作“向心”运动,一方面使自身区域优势更加突出,另一方面还决定了生产布局变化的方向和幅度。种植业生产布局变化也会导致新的优势区出现,并力图不断强化,有时也会出现少量背离区域优势现象。
     (5)我国有7个种植业主要优势区域(东北区、北方区、黄淮海区、西北区、长江中下游区、西南区和东南区)。它们是耕地保护的重点区域,涉及1624个县级行政区域,国土面积约570x 104km2。1997~2007年间,其耕地面积从9296.04x 104hm2降至8401.51×104hm2,减幅高达894.53×104hm2,变化率为-9.62%。灰色关联分析揭示了种植业主要优势区域耕地变化的主导因素和基本原因,折射出耕地保护的突出问题。种植业主要优势区域耕地保护的基本策略与措施是:①探索和建立耕地保护区域补偿机制;②产业结构调整应保护种植业区域优势;③特别重视水土资源的充分供给和高效利用;④全面提高农业现代化水平。
Arable land protection as a national policy of china, hasn't gained satisfied result for the past decades years, one of the most important reasons is that performance force was shared with all over the country. Thus, it has been emphasized as a basic academic viewpoint and tactic that arable land protection should be strongly carried out in advantage regions of crop farming (ARCF). Information Content Method (ICM) was applied to estimate regional advantage degree of crop farming on the county scale level, which is reflected by the total information content (TIC) of each evaluated unit. The advantage regions of seven main crops were distinguished and divided from the TIC, and their formation and evolvement were studied in terms of TIC change. Furthermore, the close relationship between these regions and crop farming distributions was discussed in detail. All above researches attempt to answer some public concerned questions such as why, where and how arable land should be protected, and provide governments with some consultations about advantage regions development, structural adjustment and rational distribution of crop farming. Some major conclusions are as follows:
     Firstly, ICM can be used to assess regional advantage degree of crop farming after some key techniques are resolved, for example, index system, variable grade, sample choice, TIC calculation, variables and their information contents assemblage.
     Secondly, the assessment units are correspondingly classified into three types, that is, advantage units, weak units and disadvantage units according to regional advantage degree of crop farming. There are three rice advantage regions, which are Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River (MLRYR), Southeast Coastal of China (SECC) and Sichuan Basin (SCB). Three wheat advantage regions exist in Huanghuaihai (HHH), MLRYR and SCB. Four corn advantage regions located in Northeast China (NEC), Great Wall Zone (GWZ), Southwest China (SWC) and Xinjiang. NEC, GWZ and SWC advantage regions belong to soy bean crop, potato and yam crop, but their realm and geographic locations are not completely overlapped. Three cotton advantage regions lie in Northwest China (NWC), HHH and MLRYR. There are four oil crop advantage regions named Northern China (NC), MLRYR. SCB and SECC.
     Thirdly, the leading, active and restrict factors affecting formation of ARCF are distinguished from majority variables and their information contents assemblage. Frequently, the leading factors are sow area, yield per unit, valid irrigation rate, water supply ability of agriculture, land potential. It is illustrated by the mean information contents that the advantage degrees are strengthen and the amount of advantage units is increasing in ARCF.
     The fourth, ARCF result in agglomeration of crop farming and northern part of China has become the center of crop production. On the other hand, distribution changes of crop farming also promote occurrence of new ARCF.
     Finally, there are seven key regions of arable land protection, which are also major ARCF and named respectively Northeast Region, Great Wall Region, Huanghuaihai Region, Northwest Region, Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Southwest Region and Southeast Region. For the last decade years, arable land has decreased 8.9453 million acres and change rate has reached-9.62 percent in the above seven major ARCF. Some arable land protection tactics and measures are drawn up according to Grey Relevance Analysis. The most important suggestions include exploring regional economic compensation mechanism, maintaining the advantage of ARCF in adjusting industrial structure, fully supplying and efficiently using water and land resources and promoting agro-modernization.
引文
[1]安晓宁,姜洁.三大粮食作物生产的区域比较优势分析(之二)—以玉米为例的实证研究[J].调研世界,1998A,(7):14-17.
    [2]安晓宁,姜洁.三大粮食作物生产的区域比较优势分析(之三)—以水稻为例的实证研究[J].调研世界,1998B,(8):14-17.
    [3]安晓宁,姜洁.三大粮食作物生产的区域比较优势分析(之一)—以小麦为例的实证研究[J].调研世界,1998C,(6):18-20,5.
    [4]《北京农业》编辑部.我国水稻最新八年区域布局规划[J].北京农业,2008A,(29):31.
    [5]《北京农业》编辑部.我国小麦区域最新八年布局规划[J].北京农业,2008B,(10):30-31.
    [6]《北京农业》编辑部.我国玉米区域最新八年布局规划[J].北京农业,2008C,(10):30.
    [7]《北京农业》编辑部.我国棉花区域最新八年布局规划[J].北京农业,2008D,(10):28.
    [8]毕海良.信息量法在西宁市斜坡稳定性评价中的应用[J].水文地质工程地质,1998,25(4):25-27.
    [9]毕硕本,王桥,徐秀华.地理信息系统软件工程的原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003,12-71.
    [10]毕于运,郑振源.建国以来中国实有耕地面积增减变化分析[J].资源科学,2000,22(2):8-12.
    [11]蔡防.区域比较优势与农业持续增长的源泉[J].中国农村经济,1992,(1):40-45.
    [12]蔡源元.我国的农业地域专业化生产[J].经济研究,1979,(11):30-35.
    [13]蔡运龙,霍雅勤.耕地资源价值重建方法与案例研究[J].地理学报,2006,61(10):1084-1092.
    [14]蔡运龙.中国农村转型与耕地保护机制[J].地理科学,2001,21(1):1-6.
    [15]常秀亮.中国大豆生产滑坡的原因分析[J].中国农村经济,2000,(4):27-31.
    [16]陈秋红.加强耕地保护的理论依据与思路[J].发展研究,2006,(10):34-36.
    [17]陈武.比较优势与中国农业经济国际化[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1997,5-28.
    [18]程叶青,张平宇.中国粮食生产的区域格局变化及东北商品粮基地的响应[J].地理科学,2005,25(5):513-520.
    [19]仇保兴.我国耕地保护政策的悖论与对策初探[J].城市规划,2006,30(9):9-14.
    [20]戴双兴.优势农产品的区域布局与农业结构调整[J].中国农业资源与区划,2004,25(2):23-26.
    [21]党安荣,阎守邕,吴宏歧等.基于GIS的中国土地生产潜力研究[J].生态学报,2000,20(6):910-915.
    [22]邓静中.农业地域专业化·人文地理学[M].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1984,13-42.
    [23]邓聚龙.灰色系统---社会,经济[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1985,49-59.
    [24]丁洪建,吴次芳,梁留科.耕地保护理念的创新研究[J].中国土地科学,2002,16(4):14-19.
    [25]董红兵.中国油菜产业发展的优势与劣势:基于SWOT分析[J].经济研究导刊,2009,(9):157-159.
    [26]董锁成.地域分工的条件因素与动力机制探讨[J].地域研究与开发,1992,11(4):1-5.
    [27]范泽文.对耕地保护理论与实践的思考[J].北京交通管理干部学院学报,2004,14(2):45-48.
    [28]封志明,刘宝勤,杨艳昭.中国耕地资源数量变化的趋势分析与数据重建:1949-2003[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(1):35-43.
    [29]封志明,杨艳昭,张晶等.从栅格到县域:中国粮食生产的资源潜力区域差异分析[J].自然资源学报,2007,22(5):747-755.
    [30]封志明,刘东,杨艳昭.中国交通通达度评价:从分县到分省[J].地理研究,2009,28(2):419-429.
    [31]傅廷栋.加入WTO对我国农业的影响和发展优质油菜生产问题[J].安徽农学通报,2001,7(5):8-12.
    [32]龚子同,陈鸿昭,张甘霖等.保护耕地:问题、症结和途径—谈我国1.2亿公顷耕地的警戒线[J].生态环境,2007,16(5):]570-1573.
    [33]郭柏林.我国棉花合理布局的定量分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,1998,7(1):51-56.
    [34]郭洪海,岳方彤,吴波.山东省主要粮油作物区域比较优势分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2004,25(4):12-15.
    [35]虢佳花,曹明宏.湖北省棉花生产的比较优势分析[J].长江大学学报:农学卷,2006,3(3):197-200.
    [36]杭州市综合农业区划研究组.杭州市农业资源与综合区划[M].浙江:科学技术出版社,1987,3-25.
    [37]禾军,吴晓春.中国专用小麦区划研究[J].中国农业资源与区划,2003,24(5):18-22.
    [38]河北省农业区划委员会、河北省气象局.河北省农业气候及其区划[M].北京:气象出版社,1988,21-46.
    [39]侯力.中国城市化过程中的耕地资源保护研究[D].吉林大学博士学位论文,2008,3-42.
    [40]胡艳君,乔娟.比较优势与山西省种植业结构调整[J].中国农业资源与区划,2004,25(3):20-25.
    [41]黄秉维.中国农业生产潜力-光合潜力.见:地理集刊(17)[M].北京:科学出版社,1985,15-22.
    [42]黄祖辉,张昱.产业竞争力的测评方法:指标与模型[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2002,32(4):146-152.
    [43]姬东风.中国耕地保护政策的绩效研究[D].河南大学硕士学位论文,2008,12-40.
    [44]冀名峰.我国粮食生产的区域比较优势分析[J].农业经济问题,1996,(5):19-24.
    [45]姜开宏,陈江龙,陈雯.比较优势理论与区域土地资源配置—以江苏省为例[J].中国农村经济,2004,(12):16-21.
    [46]姜丽霞,孙孟梅,于荣环等.黑龙江省玉米品种布局的农业气候依据[J].资源科学,2000,22(1):61-64.
    [47]蒋长瑜,郑弛.美国农业空间结构研究—兼论中国农业商品基地建设[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,1997,5-73.
    [48]金凤君,王成金,李秀伟.中国区域交通优势的甄别方法及应用分析[J].地理学报,2008,63(8):787-798.
    [49]冷疏影.地理信息系统支持下的中国农业生产潜力研究[J].自然资源学报,1992,7(1):71-79.
    [50]李炳坤.我国粮食生产区域优势研究[J].管理世界,1996,(5):151-160.
    [51]李聪敏,赵邦宏,刘然.河北省玉米产业的比较优势分析[J].农村经济与科技,2009,(5):30-31.
    [52]李平,李秀彬,刘学军.我国现阶段土地利用变化驱动力的宏观分析[J].地理研究,2001,20(2):129-138.
    [53]李少昆,王崇桃.我国玉米产量变化及增产因素分析[J].玉米科学,2008,16(4):26-30.
    [54]李孝忠,乔娟.东北地区大豆播种面积波动及原因分析[J].新疆农垦经济,2009,(4):6-11.
    [55]李孝忠,乔娟.中国大豆播种面积波动:趋势、成因及政策建议[J].技术经济,2008,27(8):61-66.
    [56]李旭旦.中国大百科全书·人文地理学[M].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1984,2-19.
    [57]李应中.中国农业区划学[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1997,4-99.
    [58]梁书民.中国农业种植结构及演化的空间分布和原因分析[J].中国农业资源与区划, 2006,27(2):29-34.
    [59]林鹏生.我国中低产田分布及增产潜力研究[D].中国农业科学院博士论文,2008,12-95.
    [60]刘宏曼,郭翔宇.基于比较优势的黑龙江省粮食作物生产布局[J].中国农业资源与区划,2006,27(6):22-26.
    [61]刘书楷.对比较利益学说与农业地域分工和区域资源开发战略的再思考[J].中国农业资源与区划,1997,13(6):31-33.
    [62]刘书楷.论比较利益原则及其在农业区域开发与资源利用上的应用[J].中国农村经济,1994,(8):35-37,34.
    [63]刘顺飞.中国水稻布局变化研究[D].南京农业大学博士学位论文,2007,12-39.
    [64]刘卫东,梁红梅.近十年我国耕地变化的区域效应及其合理性分析[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2008,38(6):14-22.
    [65]刘卫东,石承苍,任国业.四川省农业功能区划研究[J].中国农业资源与区划,2008,29(6):27-32.
    [66]刘卫东.耕地多功能保护问题研究[J].国土资源科技管理,2008,25(1):1-5.
    [67]刘卫东.美国农业地域专门化及其对我国农业发展的启示[J].经济地理,1992,12(2):58-63.
    [68]刘卫东.农业地域专门化的形成与发展—中、美比较研究[J].国土开发与整治,1991,(2):25-29.
    [69]刘旭华,王劲峰,刘明亮等.中国耕地变化驱动力分区研究[J].中国科学:D辑,2005,35(11):1087-1095.
    [70]刘琰琰,潘学标.中国棉花生产县域比较优势分析[J].棉花学报,2007,19(1):64-68.
    [71]刘芝绅,朱海,王小博等.辽宁省玉米生产区域化布局研究[J].农业经济,2007,(9):58-59.
    [72]龙花楼.安徽省土地利用变化及其驱动力分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2002,11(6):526-530.
    [73]卢良恕.我国小麦生产优势区域布局与市场分析[J].农业科技通讯,2005,(7):5.
    [74]陆国庆.耕地保护的经济约束机制研究[J].农业经济问题,1997,(11):46-49.
    [75]鲁奇,任国柱.农业资源态势分析与优化配置[M].北京:科学出版社,2002,28-31.
    [76]吕萍,吴晓春.我国农业的区域类型与区域格局研究[J].中国农业资源与区划,2003,24(4):1-5.
    [77]罗其友,李建平,陶陶等.区域比较优势理论在农业布局中的应用[J].中国农业资源与区 划,2002,23(6):24-30.
    [78]罗英姿,邢郦,王凯.中国棉花比较优势及国际竞争力的实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2002,23(11):18-24.
    [79]马惠兰.区域农产品比较优势理论研究与实证分析[D].新疆农业大学博士学位论文,2004,22-98.
    [80]农业部发展计划司.新一轮优势农产品区域布局规划汇编[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005,47-360.
    [81]农业部发展计划司.新一轮优势农产品区域布局规划汇编[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2009,23-210.
    [82]庞英,冯继康,迟美玲等.转型期中国大豆生产资源配置效率及其区域特征研究—基于非参数方法双产出模型的经验分析[J].农业科技管理,2008,27(1):25-28,45.
    [83]钱忠好.中国农地保护:理论与政策分析[J].管理世界,2003,(10):60-68.
    [84]青岛市农业区划委员会办公室.青岛市综合农业区划[M].山东:青岛出版社,1988,2-15.
    [85]曲福田,陈江龙,陈雯.农地非农化经济驱动机制的理论分析与实证研究[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(2):231-241.
    [86]曲福田,冯淑怡,俞红.土地价格及分配关系与农地非农化经济机制研究—以经济发达地区为例[J].中国农村经济,2001,(12):54-60.
    [87]任浩,郝晋珉.剪刀差对农地价格的影响[J].中国土地科学,2003,17(6):38-43.
    [88]任美锷,杨纫章,包浩生.中国自然地理纲要[M].北京:商务印书馆,1979,3-39.
    [89]盛承发,王红托,苏建伟等.我国棉花主产省区比较优势分析[J].地理科学,2001,21(2):103-107.
    [90]盛国志.吉林省优质专用玉米区划布局研究[J].中国农业资源与区划,2004,25(5):40-43.
    [91]沈芳,黄润秋,苗放等.地理信息系统与地质环境评价[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2000,11(1):6-10.
    [92]石忆邵.中国农业生产地域分工问题研究[J].农业现代化研究,1994,15(5):284-287.
    [93]石玉林,陈百明.中国土地资源生产能力及人口承载量研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1991,2-37.
    [94]孙海兵,张安录.农地外部效益保护研究[J].中国土地科学,2006,20(3):9-13.
    [95]孙海兵.农地外部效益研究[D].华中农业大学博士学位论文,2006,102-117.
    [96]孙艳玲,王宏志,黄碧捷.湖北棉花生产格局的时空变化及原因分析[J].湖北大学学报(自 然科学版),2005,27(4):385-388.
    [97]孙中和.辽宁农产品比较优势研究[D].中国农业科学院博士后研究工作报告,2003,12-41.
    [98]谭荣,曲福田.从土地利用效益看农业布局和结构调整—以江苏省为例[J].经济地理,2006,26(6):1033-1036.
    [99]唐华俊,罗其友.基于比较优势的种植业区域结构调整[J].中国农业资源与区划,2001,22(5):34-36.
    [100]唐华俊,罗其友,李应中等.农业区域发展学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2008,42-52.
    [101]唐健,陈志刚,赵小风等.论中国的耕地保护与粮食安全—与茅于轼先生商榷[J].中国土地科学,2009,23(3):4-10.
    [102]田波,王雅鹏.湖南水稻的比较优势与竞争力分析[J].粮食科技与经济,2006,31(2):34-36.
    [103]阮沈勇,黄润秋.基于GIS的信息量法模型在地质灾害危险性区划中的应用[J].成都理工学院学报,2001,28(1):90-92.
    [104]王德起,曲福田.我国耕地保护机制研究[J].中国土地科学,1997,11(1):15-20.
    [105]王瑞雪,陈银蓉.国内外耕地资源价值研究综述[J].中国农业资源与区划,2005,26(3):49-53.
    [106]王舜卿.试论中国种植业布局思想[J].中国农业资源与区划,1996A,12(2):9-13.
    [107]王舜卿.中国种植业发展回顾和布局思想研究[J].地理学与国土研究,1996B,12(2):9-13.
    [108]王卫.我国耕地保护的经济分析及对策研究[J].自然资源学报,1997,12(4):383-387.
    [109]王晓红.山东省种植业区域比较优势与发展对策研究[J].中国农业资源与区划,2006,27(4):18-21.
    [110]王晓蜀.新疆棉花比较优势研究[D].石河子大学硕士学位论文,2005,25-37.
    [111]王洋,齐晓宁.基于比较优势的吉林省种植业结构调整[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2007,23(4):415-420.
    [112]王雨濛.耕地利用的外部性分析与效益补偿[J].农业经济问题,2007,(3):52-57.
    [113]王铮等,理论经济地理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2002,12-40.
    [114]王宗明,于磊,张柏等.过去50年吉林省玉米带玉米种植面积时空变化及其成因分析[J].地理科学,2006,26(3):299-305.
    [115]吴次芳,谭永忠.制度缺陷与耕地保护[J].中国农村经济,2002,(7):69-73.
    [116]伍山林.中国粮食生产区域特征与成因研究—市场化改革以来的实证分析[J].经济研究, 2000,(10):38-45,78.
    [117]夏海斌.面向艰苦边远性分析的地理信息系统—设计、模型和算法[D].华东师范大学硕士学位论文,2006,48-49.
    [118]肖双喜,刘小和.棉花种植面积影响因素分析—基于新疆、河南、江苏和山东四省的调查[J].农业技术经济,2008,(4):79-84.
    [119]肖运来.我国油料作物生产的区域比较优势及效率分析[D].中国农业科学院博士学位论文,2002,10-59.
    [120]徐世艳.吉林省玉米生产比较优势与市场竞争力研究[D].中国农业大学硕士学位论文,2004,13-42.
    [121]徐志刚,傅龙波,钟甫宁.中国粮食生产的区域比较优势分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2001,22(1):45-48.
    [122]徐志刚,钟甫宁,傅龙波.中国农产品的国内资源成本及比较优势[J].农业技术经济,2000,(4):1-6.
    [123]徐志刚.比较优势与中国农业生产结构调整[D].南京农业大学博士学位论文,2001,1-22.
    [124]杨志荣,韦仕川,靳相木.基于比较优势理论的快速城市化区域耕地保护分区研究—以浙江省为例[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(24):10582-10584,10586.
    [125]叶春辉.比较优势与中国种植业结构调整[D].南京农业大学博士学位论文,2004,19-103.
    [126]叶艳妹,吴次芳.我国土地产权制度与耕地保护问题研究[J].农业经济问题,1997,(6):32-37.
    [127]于沪宁.光热资源和农作物的光热生产潜力[J].气象学报,1982,40(3):321-327.
    [128]张宝文.中国农产品区域发展战略研究[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008,1-240.
    [129]张国平,刘纪远,张增祥.近10年来中国耕地资源的时空变化分析[J].地理学报,2003,58(3):323-332.
    [130]张华,王道龙,屈宝香等.我国主要粮食品种区域比较优势研究[J].中国农业资源与区划,2004,25(2):13-17.
    [131]张效军,欧名豪,高艳梅.耕地保护区域补偿机制之价值标准探讨[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2008,18(5):154-160.
    [132]张元培.我国小麦主产区与面粉厂布局[J].粮食加工,2005,(4):3-7.
    [133]张智猛,胡广文,许婷婷等.中国花生生产的发展与优势分析[J].花生学报,2005,34(3):6-10.
    [134]章胜勇,李崇光.我国花生生产的比较优势分析[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2005,4(1):11-15.
    [135]章胜勇.中国油料作物比较优势及生产布局研究[D].华中农业大学博士学位论文,2005,11-87.
    [136]章泽宾,陈银蓉.比较优势理论与武汉城市圈土地资源优化配置研究[J].乡镇经济,2008,(11):46-49.
    [137]赵翠萍.河南小麦的比较优势及竞争力分析[J].河南农业大学学报,2006,40(4):422-425.
    [138]赵名茶.作物可利用的光能—对光合潜力公式的检验和探讨.见:地理集刊(17)[M].北京:科学出版社,1985,35-48.
    [139]赵松乔.中国综合自然地理区划的一个新方案[J]地理学报,1983,38(1):1-10.
    [140]郑纪芳,史建民.国内外耕地保护问题研究综述[J].生产力研究,2009,(5):161-163.
    [141]郑玲,林善浪,蔡春继等.福建省特色农业区域布局规划[J].中国农业资源与区划,2007,28(6):35-40.
    [142]郑培,朱道林,张小武.政府耕地保护行为的公共选择理论分析[J].中国国土资源经济,2005,(9):10-12.
    [143]中国科学院新疆地理研究所.新疆综合自然区划概要[M].北京:科学出版社,1987,1-91.
    [144]中国科学院自然区划工作委员会.中国地貌区划(初稿)[M].北京:科学出版社,1959A,1-336.
    [145]中国科学院自然区划工作委员会.中国气候区划[M].北京:科学出版社,1959B,1-323.
    [146]中国科学院自然区划工作委员会.中国综合自然区划(初稿)[M].北京:科学出版社,1959C,1-290.
    [147]中华人民共和国国土资源部.中国国土资源年鉴1999-2008[Z].北京:中国国土资源年鉴编辑部出版社,2000-2009.
    [148]钟甫宁,刘顺飞.中国水稻生产布局变动分析[J].中国农村经济,2007,(9):39-44.
    [149]钟甫宁,邢郦.我国种植业生产结构调整与比较优势变动的实证分析[J].农业现代化研究,2003,24(1):260-263.
    [150]周立三.中国农业区划的理论与实践[M].北京:中国科学技术大学出版社,1993,1-122.
    [151]周贤君,邓小华,陈玉君.湖南省玉米生产县域尺度比较优势空间分布[J].湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2008,34(6):627-630.
    [152]竺可桢.论我国气候的几个特点及其与粮食作物生产的关系.见:竺可桢文集[M].北京: 科学出版社,1979,455-465.
    [153]朱莉芬,黄季煜.城镇化对耕地影响的研究[J].经济研究,2007,(2):137-145.
    [154]朱启荣,章杏杏,李俊等.中国棉花种植空间变化及其原因分析[J].干旱区地理,2004,27(4):498-502.
    [155]朱启荣.中国棉花主产区生产布局分析[J].中国农村经济,2009,(4):31-38.
    [156]朱希刚.中国大豆业的困境和发展对策[J].中国农村经济,2003,(1):27-33.
    [157]朱新华,梁亚荣.耕地保护制度中的利益冲突与公共政策选择[J].海南大学学报(人文社会科学版),2008,26(5):529-533.
    [158]朱新华,曲福田.不同粮食分区间的耕地保护外部性补偿机制研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2008,18(5):148-153.
    [159]朱再清,陈方源.加入WTO对长江流域油菜产业的影响及对策[J].山区开发,2003,(5):26-28.
    [160]左大康,周允华,项月琴等.地球表层辐射研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1991,1-37.
    [161]ADB (Asian Development Bank). Country operational strategy study for Papua New Guinea [R]. Asian Development Bank, Manila. STS:PNG 98012,1999,1-19.
    [162]Alpine R.W. L. and Pickett J. Agriculture, liberalization and economic growth in Ghana and Cote d'lvoire,1960-1990 [M]. OECD Development Center, Paris,1993,10-39.
    [163]Amgresano. Comparative economics [M]. Second ed., Prentice Hall, Inc.,1995,13-179.
    [164]Anne O. Krueger. Some economic costs of exchange control:the Turkish case [J]. Journal of Political Economy,1966,74(2):466-480.
    [165]Annie Antoine. Agricultural specialization and rural patterns of development (rural history in Europe) [M]. Brepols Publishers,2008,28-150.
    [166]Appleyard D. Comparative advantage of the agricultural production system and its policy implications in Pakistan[R].Economic and Social Development Paper 68, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome,1987,18-124.
    [167]Asraul Hoque. Farm size and economic-allocative efficiency in Bangladesh agriculture[J]. Applied Economics,1988,20(10):1353-1368.
    [168]Bela Balassa and Daniel M. Schydlowsky. Domestic resource costs and effective protection once again [J]. Journal of Political Economy,1972,80(l):63-69.
    [169]Bowen H. P., Learner E. E. and Seikauskas L. Multicountry, multifactor tests of the factor abundance theory [J]. American Economic Review,1987,77 (5):791-809.
    [170]Bruno M. Domestic resource cost and effective protection:clarification and synthesis [J]. Journal of Political Economy,1972,80 (1):16-33.
    [171]Bruno M. The optimal selection of export promoting and import substituting projects, planning the external sector:techniques, problems and policies[R]. Report on the First interregional Seminar on Development Planning, Ankara, Turkey, United Nations, New York,1967,88-135.
    [172]Caroline A. Rodenburg and Peter Nijkamp. Multifunctional land use in the city [R]. Serie Research Memorandum 29, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam,2002,1-21.
    [173]Chang T. C. and Lin S. J. Grey relation analysis of carbon dioxide emissions from industrial production and energy uses in Taiwan [J]. Journal of Environment Management,1999, (56): 247-257.
    [174]Chen J. F., Wei S. Q. and Chang K. T. A comparative case study of cultivated land changes in Fujian and Taiwan [J]. Land Use Policy,2006,24 (2007):386-395.
    [175]Colin A. Carter and Bryan Lohmar. Regional specialization of China's agricultural production [J]. American Journal of Agriculture Economics,2002,84 (3):749-753.
    [176]Colin A. Carter and Funing Zhong. China's grain production and trade:an economic analysis [M]. Boulder:Westview Press,1988,1-124.
    [177]Colin A. Carter and Funing Zhong. China's past and future role in the grain trade[J]. Economic Development and Cultural Change,1991A,39 (1):791-814.
    [178]Colin A. Carter and Funing Zhong. Regional comparative advantage in Chinese agriculture: some evidence and measurement issues [M]. In China's Rural Development Miracle, Longworth, Brisbane:University of Queensland Press,1989,26-36.
    [179]Colin A. Carter and Funing Zhong. Will market prices enhance Chinese agriculture?:a test of regional comparative advantage[J].Western Journal of Agriculture Economics,1991B, 16(2):417-426.
    [180]Daily Gretchen C. Nature's services:societal dependence on natural ecosystems [M]. Washington D C:Island Press,1997,4-21.
    [181]David W. Pearce. Economic values and the natural world [M].Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press,1993,14-103.
    [182]David Wood. The benign effect of some agricultural specialization on the environment[J]. Ecological Economics,1996,19 (2):107-111.
    [183]Deng J. L. Introduction to grey system theory [J] Journal of Grey System,1989,1 (1):1-24.
    [184]Deng J. L. The theoretical ecology on resource programming exploitation [J].Journal of Grey System,2008,20(1):1-4.
    [185]Deng J. L. Introduction to grey mathematical resources[J].Journal of Grey System,2008,20 (2):87-92.
    [186]Duke J. M. and Aull Hyde R. Identifying public preferences for land preservation using the analytic hierarchy process [J]. Ecological Economics,2002,42 (1):131-145.
    [187]Feitelson E. Social norms, rationales and policies-refraining farmland protection in Israel [J]. Journal of Rural Studies,1999,15 (16):431-446.
    [188]Fuller F., Beghin J. C. and Fabiosa J. China's accession to World Trade Organization: impact on agricultural markets[D], Paper presented to the 2001 AAEA meetings, Chicago, 2001,5-8.
    [189]Gary L. Peters. The emergence of regional cultural specializations in California viticulture [J]. Professional Geographer,1987,39(2):287-297.
    [190]Hollis B. Chenery. Comparative advantage and development policy[J].American Economic Review,1961,51(1):18-51.
    [191]Hubert Wiggering, Claus Dalchow and Michael Glemnitz.Indicators for multifunctional land use—linking socio-economic requirements with landscape potentials[J]. Ecological Indicators,2006,6 (1):238-249.
    [192]Irwin E.G. and Bockstael N.E. The problem of identifying land use spillovers:measuring the effects of open space on residential property values[J]. American Journal of Agricultural economics,2001,83 (3):698-704.
    [193]James Jondrow, C.A.Knox Lovell and Ivan S. Materov. On the estimation of technical inefficiency in the stochastic frontier production function model[J]. Journal of Econometrics,1982,19(2-3):233-238.
    [194]Jeffrey Kline and Dennis Wichelns. Public preferences regarding the goals of farmland preservation programs:reply [J]. Land Economics,1998,74 (4):566-569.
    [195]John T. Pierce. The conservation challenge in sustaining rural environments [J]. Journal of Rural Studies,1996,12 (3):215-229.
    [196]Johnson D Gale. Agriculture and the wealth of nations [J]. American Economic Review, 1997,87(2):1-12.
    [197]Krieger Douglas J. Saving open spaces:public support for farmland protection[R]. Working Paper Series WP99-1, Center for Agriculture in the Environment, Chicago,1999,1-24.
    [198]Kym Anderson. China's economic growth, changing comparative advantages and agricultural trade[J]. Review of Marketing and Agricultural Economics,1990,58 (1):56-75.
    [199]Langdon White C, Edwin J. Foscue and Tom L. Mcknight. Regional geography of Anglo—American[M]. Prentice Hall, Inc.,1985,5-57.
    [200]Lawrence J. Lau and Pan A. Yotopoulos. A test for relative efficiency and application to Indian agriculture[J]. The American Economic Review,1971,61 (1):94-109.
    [201]Leonardo A. Gonzales, Faisal Kasryno and Nicostrato D. Perez. Economic incentives and comparative advantage in Indonesian food crop production[R]. Research Report No.93, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C.1993,1-112.
    [202]Lin S. J., Lu I. J. and Lewis C. Grey relation performance correlations among economics, energy use and carbon dioxide emission in Taiwan[J], Energy Policy,2006,35 (2007): 1948-1955.
    [203]Loomis R S and Williams W A. Maximum crop productivity:An estimate[J].Crop Science, 1963,3(1):67-72.
    [204]Lung Fei Lee. A test for distributional assumptions for the stochastic frontier functions[J]. Journal of Econometrics,1983,22 (3):245-267.
    [205]Masters W. A. and Nelson A. W. Measuring the comparative advantage of agricultural activities:Domestic Resource Costs and the Social Cost-benefit Ratio[J]. American Journal of Agricultural Economics.1995,77 (5):243-250.
    [206]Michael Chisholm. Tendencies in agricultural specialization and regional concentration of industry[J]. Regional Science,1963,10 (1):157-162.
    [207]Monke E. A. and Pearson S. R. The policy analysis matrix for agricultural development [M]. Ithaca and London:Cornell University Press,1989.1-312.
    [208]Morton D.Winsberg. Agricultural specialization in the United States since World War Ⅱ [J]. Agricultural History,1982,56 (4):692-701.
    [209]Mu H., Kondou Y. and Sato Y. Grey relative analysis and future prediction on rural household biofuels consumption in China[J]. Fuel Processing Technology,2004, (85):1231-1248.
    [210]Nathanael Hishamunda and Rohana P. Subasinghe. Aquaculture development in China:the role of public sector policies[R]. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No.427. Rome, FAO., 2003,1-64.
    [211]Ramankutty N. and Foley J A. Estimating historical changes in land cover:North American croplands from 1850 to 1992 [J]. Global Ecology and Biogeography,1999,8 (5):381-396.
    [212]Ramankutty N., Foley J A and Norman J. The global distribution of cultivable lands: current patterns and sensitivity to possible climate change [J].Global Ecology and Biogeography,2002,11(5):377-392.
    [213]Robert Costanza and Herman E. Daly. Natural capital and sustainable development[J]. Conservation Biology,1992,6(1):37-46.
    [214]Robert Costanza, Ralph d'Arge and Rudolf de Groot. The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital [J]. Nature,1997,387(15):253-260.
    [215]Robert Costanza. Ecological economics:the science and management of sustainability[M]. New York:Columbia University Press,1991,23-52.
    [216]Scott R. Pearson and Meyer R. K. Comparative advantage among African coffee producers[J]. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,1974,56(2):310-313.
    [217]Scott R. Pearson, Akrasanee N. and Nelson G. C. Comparative advantage in rice production: a methodological introduction[M]. Food Research Institute Studies, Stanford University Press,1976,13-52
    [218]Scott R. Pearson. Net social profitability, domestic resource costs, and effective rates of protection[J]. Journal of Development Studies,1976,12(4):320-333.
    [219]Serafy Salah. Pricing the invaluable:the value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital[J]. Ecological Economics,1998,25(1):25-27.
    [220]Stephen Haag, Patrick Jaska and John Semple. Assessing the relative efficiency of agricultural production units in the blackland prairie, Texas[J]. Applied Economics,1992, 24 (5):559-565.
    [221]Subal C. Kumbhakar. The specification of technical and allocative inefficiency in stochastic production and profit frontiers[J]. Journal of Econometrics,1987,34 (3):335-348.
    [222]Thanwa Jitasanguan. An empirical study of policy incentives and comparative advantage in the fisheries industry of Thailand[D]. PhD. Dissertation, Department of Economics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii,1988,23-101.
    [223]Toman M. Why not to calculate the value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital [J]. Ecological Economics,1998,25(3):57-60.
    [224]Wallace E. Huffman and Robert E. Evenson. Structural and productivity change in US agriculture,1950-1982[J].Agricultural Economics,2000,24(2):127-147.
    [225]WB (World Bank). China:Long—term development issues and options[R]. Washington, DC:World Bank, Oxford University Press,1985,25-74.
    [226]WB (World Bank).World development report 2009:reshaping economic geography[R], Washington, DC:World Bank,2009,3-49.
    [227]Whitehead John C. and Blomquist Glenn C. Measuring contingent values for wetlands: effects of information about related environmental goods [J]. Water Resources Research, 1991,27(10):2523-2531.
    [228]William M. Liefert, Bruce Gardner and Eugenia Serova. Allocative efficiency in Russian agriculture:the case of fertilizer and grain[J]. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2003,85(5):1228-1233.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700