差分GPS模拟器研究
摘要
随着计算机技术的高速发展，各种航海模拟器不断更新，模拟器功能日臻完善，现在已从早期单一的“雷达模拟器”，“雷达与导航模拟器”发展到集雷达、ARPA和导航模拟器功能为一体的全功能船舶模拟器(Full Mission Ship Handling Simulator)。近年来，全功能船舶模拟器，已越来越成为履约培训的有效手段。作为全功能船舶模拟器，对船舶上主要导航系统DGPS的模拟自然是必不可少的。
本文在已开发的基于OEM板的GPS模拟器基础上，完成了如下研究工作：
1．在分析目前已有的GPS和DGPS研究现状和各自优缺点的基础上，提出了基于OEM板的DGPS模拟器设计思路和改进方案。
2．提出了一种新的船位误差生成算法，该算法通过分析GPS船位落入概率误差圆内的概率分布的特点，分三部分考虑船位分布，将每一部分内的船位分布近似看成是均匀分布，但船位落入每一部分内的概率是有差异的。在生成GPS模拟船位和DGPS模拟船位时，采用不同的用户等效测距误差，使模拟船位更加接近真实情况。
3．分析了GPS定位中的选星方法，采用直接计算所有可见星GDOP的方法进行卫星的选取，提高选星精度。
4．增加了航路点操作功能模块和DGPS功能仿真模块，并完善了模拟器多项操作的人机界面。
As the development of computer technology, marine simulators are optimized rapidly. The simulator types have finished the process that change from monotonous unit to integrated unit, which is called Full Mission Ship Handling Simulator. Lastly, the full mission ship handling simulator has become the effective method for marine training, of course, the DGPS unit is indispensable.
Based on GPS Simulator using OEM board developed previously, following research works have been finished in this paper:
1. Based on analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of current GPS and DGPS simulator, the paper presents a designing method and improving scheme of DGPS simulator based on OEM board.
2. A new error generating algorithm for simulating ship position is presented. Through analyzing the probability distribution characteristic of GPS ship position as dropped in the CEP(Circular Error Probable), the new algorithm of errors generating considers the distribution of the ship position as three parts. In every part, the distribution of ship position is approximately considered as regular distribution. But there are differences for the probability of ship position as dropped in every part. During the generating of GPS simulator ship position and DGPS simulator ship position, different UERE(User Equivalent Range Error) are used to make the ship position approach to the real situation.
3. Analyzing the method how to choose satellites in GPS position. It adopts the method that directly calculates the GDOP(Geographic Dilution of Properties) of all the satellites which can be seen to choose the satellites in order to improve the accuracy of choosing the satellites.
4. Waypoints function and DGPS simulation function are finished and user interface of multi-functions of GPS simulator are improved.
本文在已开发的基于OEM板的GPS模拟器基础上，完成了如下研究工作：
1．在分析目前已有的GPS和DGPS研究现状和各自优缺点的基础上，提出了基于OEM板的DGPS模拟器设计思路和改进方案。
2．提出了一种新的船位误差生成算法，该算法通过分析GPS船位落入概率误差圆内的概率分布的特点，分三部分考虑船位分布，将每一部分内的船位分布近似看成是均匀分布，但船位落入每一部分内的概率是有差异的。在生成GPS模拟船位和DGPS模拟船位时，采用不同的用户等效测距误差，使模拟船位更加接近真实情况。
3．分析了GPS定位中的选星方法，采用直接计算所有可见星GDOP的方法进行卫星的选取，提高选星精度。
4．增加了航路点操作功能模块和DGPS功能仿真模块，并完善了模拟器多项操作的人机界面。
As the development of computer technology, marine simulators are optimized rapidly. The simulator types have finished the process that change from monotonous unit to integrated unit, which is called Full Mission Ship Handling Simulator. Lastly, the full mission ship handling simulator has become the effective method for marine training, of course, the DGPS unit is indispensable.
Based on GPS Simulator using OEM board developed previously, following research works have been finished in this paper:
1. Based on analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of current GPS and DGPS simulator, the paper presents a designing method and improving scheme of DGPS simulator based on OEM board.
2. A new error generating algorithm for simulating ship position is presented. Through analyzing the probability distribution characteristic of GPS ship position as dropped in the CEP(Circular Error Probable), the new algorithm of errors generating considers the distribution of the ship position as three parts. In every part, the distribution of ship position is approximately considered as regular distribution. But there are differences for the probability of ship position as dropped in every part. During the generating of GPS simulator ship position and DGPS simulator ship position, different UERE(User Equivalent Range Error) are used to make the ship position approach to the real situation.
3. Analyzing the method how to choose satellites in GPS position. It adopts the method that directly calculates the GDOP(Geographic Dilution of Properties) of all the satellites which can be seen to choose the satellites in order to improve the accuracy of choosing the satellites.
4. Waypoints function and DGPS simulation function are finished and user interface of multi-functions of GPS simulator are improved.
引文
[1] 中华人民共和国港务监督局．1978年海员培训、发证和值班标准国际公约[S]北京：中国科学技术出版社，1997．6
[2] 袁安存．全球定位系统(GPS)原理与应用[M]大连：大连海事大学出版社，1999．5
[3] 袁建平，罗建军，岳晓奎，方群．卫星导航原理与应用[M]北京：中国宇航出版社，2003．9
[4] 辜振基．GPS操作模拟器的数模设计与编程 上海海运学院学报[N]，1996，Vol．17(No．2)：101-107
[5] 周坤芳．GPS仿真导航训练软件的设计与开发 中国惯性技术学报[N]，2002，Vol．10(No．3)：65-68
[6] 孙枫，宋福香．差分GPS的仿真研究 哈尔滨工程大学学报[N]，1997，Vol．18(N0.1)：52-59
[7] 吴旭彦．基于Internet网络的差分GPS应用研究 计算机应用[J]，2000，Vol．20(No．11)
[8] 陈玉植．基于GPS OEM的GPS模拟器研究[D]：硕士学位论文．大连：大连海事大学，2004．4
[9] Elliott D. Kaplan, "Understanding GPS Principles and Applications," U. S. A:Artech House,Inc. 2000.
[10] Nelson, W., "Use of Circular Error Probability in Target Detection,"United Stated States Air Force Hanscom Air Force Base,ESD-TR-88-109,May 1988.
[11] 东昉，贾传荧，谷伟．GPS中GDOP与Gu之间关系的研究 大连海运学院学报[N]，1993，Vol．19(No．2)
[12] 盛骤，谢式千，潘承毅．概率论与数理统计[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1989．8
[13] 郭禹．航海学[M]．大连：大连海事大学出版社，1998
[14] 王惠南．GPS导航原理与应用[M]．北京：科学出版社，2003
[15] 熊志昂．GPS技术与工程应用[M]．北京：国防工业出版社，2005．4
[16] 贾传荧，金一丞，东昉．船舶驾驶自动化[M]．大连：大连海运学院出版社
[17] 帅平一种快速选择GPS卫星的方法及其应用[J] 导航2001，Vol．37(No．1)：41-44
[18] 刘大杰．全球定位系统(GPS)的原理与数据处理[M]上海：同济大学出版社 1996
[19] 刘基余．GPS卫星导航定位原理与方法[M]北京：科学出版社，2003
[20] 胡伍生，高成发．GPS测量原理及应用[M]北京：人民交通出版社，2002．8
[21] 中国人民解放军总装备部军事训练教材编辑工作委员会．GPS技术与应用[M]北京：国防工业出版社，2004．6
[22] 文必龙，邵庆．开放数据库互联(ODBC)技术与应用[M]北京：科学出版社，1997．2
[23] 潘爱民．Visual C++．NET技术内幕(第6版)[M]北京：清华大学出版社，2004
[2] 袁安存．全球定位系统(GPS)原理与应用[M]大连：大连海事大学出版社，1999．5
[3] 袁建平，罗建军，岳晓奎，方群．卫星导航原理与应用[M]北京：中国宇航出版社，2003．9
[4] 辜振基．GPS操作模拟器的数模设计与编程 上海海运学院学报[N]，1996，Vol．17(No．2)：101-107
[5] 周坤芳．GPS仿真导航训练软件的设计与开发 中国惯性技术学报[N]，2002，Vol．10(No．3)：65-68
[6] 孙枫，宋福香．差分GPS的仿真研究 哈尔滨工程大学学报[N]，1997，Vol．18(N0.1)：52-59
[7] 吴旭彦．基于Internet网络的差分GPS应用研究 计算机应用[J]，2000，Vol．20(No．11)
[8] 陈玉植．基于GPS OEM的GPS模拟器研究[D]：硕士学位论文．大连：大连海事大学，2004．4
[9] Elliott D. Kaplan, "Understanding GPS Principles and Applications," U. S. A:Artech House,Inc. 2000.
[10] Nelson, W., "Use of Circular Error Probability in Target Detection,"United Stated States Air Force Hanscom Air Force Base,ESD-TR-88-109,May 1988.
[11] 东昉，贾传荧，谷伟．GPS中GDOP与Gu之间关系的研究 大连海运学院学报[N]，1993，Vol．19(No．2)
[12] 盛骤，谢式千，潘承毅．概率论与数理统计[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1989．8
[13] 郭禹．航海学[M]．大连：大连海事大学出版社，1998
[14] 王惠南．GPS导航原理与应用[M]．北京：科学出版社，2003
[15] 熊志昂．GPS技术与工程应用[M]．北京：国防工业出版社，2005．4
[16] 贾传荧，金一丞，东昉．船舶驾驶自动化[M]．大连：大连海运学院出版社
[17] 帅平一种快速选择GPS卫星的方法及其应用[J] 导航2001，Vol．37(No．1)：41-44
[18] 刘大杰．全球定位系统(GPS)的原理与数据处理[M]上海：同济大学出版社 1996
[19] 刘基余．GPS卫星导航定位原理与方法[M]北京：科学出版社，2003
[20] 胡伍生，高成发．GPS测量原理及应用[M]北京：人民交通出版社，2002．8
[21] 中国人民解放军总装备部军事训练教材编辑工作委员会．GPS技术与应用[M]北京：国防工业出版社，2004．6
[22] 文必龙，邵庆．开放数据库互联(ODBC)技术与应用[M]北京：科学出版社，1997．2
[23] 潘爱民．Visual C++．NET技术内幕(第6版)[M]北京：清华大学出版社，2004