浮帘促淤装置附近流场及底沙运动的实验研究
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摘要
随着我国国民经济的的发展与环保能力的日益加强,各类产沙治理措施的逐渐成效,以及大型水利工程的建设等因素,长江、黄河等大江大河入海泥沙极剧减少,海岸侵蚀后退现象严重。现在的促淤减冲措施除生态措施外,常见的是水工措施,如丁坝、薄墙或薄板及跺等。
本论文研究的是一种新型的浮帘式底沙截留促淤装置,该装置主要由捆绑在重梁上的浮帘和安放在床面上的重梁组成,离浮帘下缘一定高度开有过沙窗口。安置在水底的浮帘将水流底部来流导向上部,在浮帘的背水面形成大小漩涡,底沙通过浮帘底部的过沙窗口进入并淤积在该漩涡区中,从而起到河床的底沙截留促淤作用。论文主要在1m宽的水槽中对浮帘底沙截留促淤装置附近的流场和底沙的运动特性进行二维研究,并提出了一种新的简易PIV测速方法。具体对流速、浮帘高度、水深等因素对浮帘倾斜角度和浮帘有效高度的影响进行了研究;研究浮帘回流大小的影响因素;从材料利用率方面,得到浮帘最佳高度和浮帘群的最佳间距;并拟合了浮帘倾斜角度与流速和浮帘相对高度的函数关系。通过动床实验,观察浮帘后方的淤积形态和淤积特性。
相对于其他透水和不透水的丁坝(群),浮帘截留促淤装置投资少、见效快、施工简单,对河势干扰和阻力作用都很小,且拆除方便,可广泛应用于滩面促淤、护滩护坡及防冲工程。
现有吹泥上滩工程的截留泥沙效率不高,本课题的研究成果如可为工程所用,将会大大提高上滩泥沙的存留率,无疑具有明显的应用意义。因此,本课题将对泥沙促淤基理研究和工程新技术的开发具有重要现实意义。
Along with the development of our national economic and the reinforcement of the ability of protecting environment, diversified methods for controlling the sediment having taken effect gradually, and the large-scale water conservancy measures having been constructed, etc. the sediment amount which runs to the ocean from the big rivers like the Yangtse River, the Yellow River etc. has been dramatically reduced and the countermarch phenomenon of coastline is speeding up. Nowadays, there are lots of measures for deposition promotion and erosion control, in addition to the ecological measures, dikes, vanes and many others are widely used.
This paper presents a new kind of apparatus for harvesting sediment in flows which is termed as a suspended curtain or harvesting sediment. The curtain was a piece of rectangular sheet,which was shin and light weight. One side was fixed to the bed with a heavy pillar. A rectangular window was opened near the side close to the pillar. This window, termed as sediment-passing-window, allowed moving sediment passing through and reduced the drag force on the curtain exerting by the flow. The pillar was laid onto the bed, which was stable against pulling away by the flow. The curtain diverted the flows to upside, and in the lee of the curtain formed a big and a small flow circulations, and the sediment particles which passed through the sediment-passing-window was filled up in the flow circulation area, accordingly, the aim to trap sediments was achieved. The characteristics around the suspended curtain were investigated in the two dimensional flume which was 1 m wide. A new method to achieve the flow field- simple PIV method was proposed. How the factors such as velocity of flow, the height of curtain and so on affect the slope angle of curtain and the effective height of curtain were investigated. The factors for the flow circulation size of the curtain, the best height of curtain and the best spatial layout between the curtains were also investigated. A function about the slope angle, velocity and relative height of curtain were also drawn up. Finally, preliminary experiments on the movable bed were carried out, and the characteristic of the sediment deposition around the suspended curtain were explored.
Compared to the dikes, groins, the device has lots of advantages, such as low cost, quick-acting, simple-constructing, little-disturbing and little-resistance for the flow, and removing convenience. It can be applied to the deposition promotion projects for protecting the beach or bank erosion control.
本论文研究的是一种新型的浮帘式底沙截留促淤装置,该装置主要由捆绑在重梁上的浮帘和安放在床面上的重梁组成,离浮帘下缘一定高度开有过沙窗口。安置在水底的浮帘将水流底部来流导向上部,在浮帘的背水面形成大小漩涡,底沙通过浮帘底部的过沙窗口进入并淤积在该漩涡区中,从而起到河床的底沙截留促淤作用。论文主要在1m宽的水槽中对浮帘底沙截留促淤装置附近的流场和底沙的运动特性进行二维研究,并提出了一种新的简易PIV测速方法。具体对流速、浮帘高度、水深等因素对浮帘倾斜角度和浮帘有效高度的影响进行了研究;研究浮帘回流大小的影响因素;从材料利用率方面,得到浮帘最佳高度和浮帘群的最佳间距;并拟合了浮帘倾斜角度与流速和浮帘相对高度的函数关系。通过动床实验,观察浮帘后方的淤积形态和淤积特性。
相对于其他透水和不透水的丁坝(群),浮帘截留促淤装置投资少、见效快、施工简单,对河势干扰和阻力作用都很小,且拆除方便,可广泛应用于滩面促淤、护滩护坡及防冲工程。
现有吹泥上滩工程的截留泥沙效率不高,本课题的研究成果如可为工程所用,将会大大提高上滩泥沙的存留率,无疑具有明显的应用意义。因此,本课题将对泥沙促淤基理研究和工程新技术的开发具有重要现实意义。
Along with the development of our national economic and the reinforcement of the ability of protecting environment, diversified methods for controlling the sediment having taken effect gradually, and the large-scale water conservancy measures having been constructed, etc. the sediment amount which runs to the ocean from the big rivers like the Yangtse River, the Yellow River etc. has been dramatically reduced and the countermarch phenomenon of coastline is speeding up. Nowadays, there are lots of measures for deposition promotion and erosion control, in addition to the ecological measures, dikes, vanes and many others are widely used.
This paper presents a new kind of apparatus for harvesting sediment in flows which is termed as a suspended curtain or harvesting sediment. The curtain was a piece of rectangular sheet,which was shin and light weight. One side was fixed to the bed with a heavy pillar. A rectangular window was opened near the side close to the pillar. This window, termed as sediment-passing-window, allowed moving sediment passing through and reduced the drag force on the curtain exerting by the flow. The pillar was laid onto the bed, which was stable against pulling away by the flow. The curtain diverted the flows to upside, and in the lee of the curtain formed a big and a small flow circulations, and the sediment particles which passed through the sediment-passing-window was filled up in the flow circulation area, accordingly, the aim to trap sediments was achieved. The characteristics around the suspended curtain were investigated in the two dimensional flume which was 1 m wide. A new method to achieve the flow field- simple PIV method was proposed. How the factors such as velocity of flow, the height of curtain and so on affect the slope angle of curtain and the effective height of curtain were investigated. The factors for the flow circulation size of the curtain, the best height of curtain and the best spatial layout between the curtains were also investigated. A function about the slope angle, velocity and relative height of curtain were also drawn up. Finally, preliminary experiments on the movable bed were carried out, and the characteristic of the sediment deposition around the suspended curtain were explored.
Compared to the dikes, groins, the device has lots of advantages, such as low cost, quick-acting, simple-constructing, little-disturbing and little-resistance for the flow, and removing convenience. It can be applied to the deposition promotion projects for protecting the beach or bank erosion control.
引文
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[3] 徐少伟,陈玉明,海岸蚀退与促淤保滩,中国水利,2002
[4] 田锦川,赵海培,“近代黄河三角洲保滩促淤技术”通过鉴定,中国石化报, 石油科技,2006
[5] 王利金,刘锦昆,埕岛油田海底管道冲刷悬空机理及对策,油气储运,2004,23(1),44-48
[6] 茅志昌,李九发,吴华林,上海市滩涂促淤圈围研究,泥沙研究,2003(2),77-81
[7] 胡洪勤,埕岛油田海底管道冲刷及工程治理,海洋科学,2005,29(6),13-16
[8] 苗文成,埕岛海域海底管道隐患分析及治理,石油工程建设,2004,48-51
[9] 高冬光,公路与桥梁水毁防治,北京,人民交通出版社,2002,1-13,253-26
[10] 龚崇准,陈美发,朱宪伟,顾家龙,张玮,沈正潮,桩式离岸堤保滩促淤工程消浪效果试验研究,海洋工程,2001,19(4),72-77
[11] 张新辉,小郭巨促淤工程效果分析及加快开发利用的探讨,浙江水利科技,1996(1),58-62
[12] 薛万东,蒲高军,飞雁滩油田保滩促淤潜堤的研究,石油工程建设,2001(4),13-16
[13] 卢祥兴,史英标,姚毛东,范德华,尤跃祥,海宁市 01 围区工程抛坝促淤效果分析研究,浙江水利科技,2002(2),3-4
[14] 张久庆,王莉,俞相成,新型堤坝结构—桩式坝在上海市促淤保滩工程中的初步应用,水利建设与管理,2003(6),20-22
[15] 尹利民,王培元,双排管桩丁坝在保滩促淤工程中的应用,水利工程建设,2004, 54-55
[16] 蒲高军,张日向,廖绍华,开敞式滩海油田保滩促淤工程研究,海岸土程,2005,24(2),20-29
[17] 沈永明,张忍顺,杨劲松,冯年华,周勤,刘咏梅,陈子玉,江苏沿海滩涂互花米草及坝田工程促淤试验研究”,农业工程学报,2006 (22),42-47
[18] Odgaard, A. J., and Kennedy, John, F. River-Bend Bank Protection by Submerged Vanes. J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE.1983, 109(8),1161-1173
[19] Asono, T., Odgaard, A.J., and Kennedy, J.F. Prevention of Local Scouring at River-Bend by Iowa Vanes. Journal of Hydroscience and Hydraulic Engineering, 1984,2, 1-13
[20] Odgaard, A. J., and Spoljaric A. Sediment control by submerged vanes. J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE.1986,112(12),1164-1181
[21] Odgaard, A. J., and Mosconi, Carlos E. Streambank Protection by Submerged Vanes.J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE.1987,113(4),520-536
[22] Odgaard, A.J., and Wang, Y.Sediment Management with Submerged Vanes: Applications, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE.1991,117(3),284-302
[23] Bhuiyan, F. and R. Hey. Bousmar D. and Y. Zech (edt.) Sediment transport in a meandering channel with instream hydraulic structures, River Flow. 2002,2, 1091-1098
[24] Tan Soon-Keat, Yu Guoliang, Siow-Yong Lim, Muk-Chen Ong. Flow structure and sediment motion around submerged vanes in open channel, Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, ASCE.2005, 131(3),132-136
[25] 喻国良,Tan Soon-Keat,底部薄板附近的水流及泥沙运动特性,水道港口,2006(3),137-141
[26] 姚文艺,王普庆,常温花,护岸式透水桩坝缓流落淤效果及桩部冲刷过程,泥沙研究,2003(2),26-31
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