航空燃油柱塞泵运动学与动力学特性分析研究
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摘要
柱塞泵主要用作航空发动机燃油供给与控制单元,是发动机控制系统的重要组成部分,被誉为是发动机的心脏,其性能直接影响发动机控制系统的性能、寿命、可靠性,进而影响飞机的飞行安全。
本文针对柱塞泵现有设计计算方法存在的问题与不足,对其运动学、动力学、滑靴静压润滑特性、滑靴运动轨迹等泵设计的基础理论与关键技术进行分析研究。
关于运动学参数计算方法,分析了航空燃油柱塞泵运动学参数现有计算方法及其存在的不足,证明目前采用的方法是一种将非线性位移计算线性化近似计算方法,使得加速度误差在典型工作点约为3%。根据柱塞泵运动学原理,对现有运动学参数计算方法进行详细推导,修正原来的计算公式,同时提出并推导了一种基于坐标方法的运动学参数新计算方法。理论推导与仿真对比验证说明本文修订方法与所提出的新计算方法在理论上是一种准确算法。
结合运动学计算分析结论,完成了柱塞泵动力学参数计算方法分析,侧重研究了柱塞所受的柱塞腔油压力、转子腔内油压力、柱塞弹簧和返回盘弹簧的弹簧力、柱塞腔壁的摩擦力、柱塞牵连运动的哥氏惯性力与相对运动引起的惯性力的计算方法。同时作为与柱塞的连接元件,分析了滑靴所受的综合力与力矩计算方法。在动力学分析计算中,对其中柱塞与柱塞腔之间的摩擦力而引起与其它力的相互作用结果,通过非线性动态方程建模与遗传算法求解确定。
滑靴与斜盘之间的良好润滑是柱塞泵设计的关键技术。在柱塞泵运动学、动力学分析的基础上,首先对滑靴静压润滑原理、油膜的形成与自适应调节机理进行分析,根据滑靴力平衡与流量连续原理,分析推导了油膜厚度计算方法,并进行了油膜厚度随滑靴结构参数与泵工作参数变化的仿真。
滑靴静压润滑设计的核心是如何理论上确定功率损失小、容积效率损失少、油膜承载刚度大对应的最佳油膜厚度。针对此,从滑靴油膜内速度分布、滑靴节流器效能计算、滑靴与斜盘之间静压润滑油膜引起的摩擦功率损失与泄漏功率损失计算、油膜引起的容积效率变化计算、油膜厚度对交变载荷承载的刚度计算五个方面进行静压润滑油膜的特性理论分析与仿真,并综合给出最佳油膜厚度确定的依据与具体路线。
柱塞泵的滑靴固定在返回盘,并随转子同步旋转,由于柱塞倾斜安装、斜盘呈球面,使得滑靴运动随斜盘转角变化呈一族空间曲线,其中返回盘上滑靴安装孔位置与形状确定是柱塞泵设计的另一个关键技术。开孔太大容易使滑靴从滑靴孔脱落,太小可能出现滑靴卡死,理想的形状是按滑靴颈运动包络线来确定。本文首先分析了柱塞泵返回盘滑靴安装孔现有设计方法的局限性,然后根据柱塞泵几何关系与运动学原理,采用与目前完全不同的方法,提出按柱塞和斜盘共同作用的坐标计算方法来推导滑靴运动轨迹,并进行二维与三维轨迹仿真,同时从理论上与现有结果对比,验证所提出方法的正确性。
在上述研究的基础上,为满足工程需要,设计开发了集柱塞泵性能参数计算、运动学参数计算、动力学参数计算、滑靴静压润滑与油膜厚度计算、滑靴运动轨迹分析与仿真等五个功能模块的面向对象通用计算软件
上述研究方法与研究结果可为航空燃油柱塞泵的设计提供理论依据。
Spherical swashplate axial piston pump mainly used as the fuel supply and control unit for the aeroengine, which is the important component of the engine control system, considered to be the heart of the engine and its performance influences the performance, service life and reliability of the aeroengine control system directly and then affects the flight safety of aircraft.
Specific to the current problems and limitations existing in the design calculation method, this thesis takes the spherical swashplate axial piston pump as the research object, focus on the kinematics and dynamics, the features for the slipping shoe hydrostatic lubrication, movement locus of the slipping shoe ect in the pump R&D of the fundamental theories and key technologies.
Regarding to the kinematics parameter calculation method, current calculation methods and its weakness are analyzed, proved that the current methods deal with non-linear displacement calculation approximately, so lead to the acceleration error around3%in typical working point. According to the piston pump kinematic theory, with detailed deduce of the current kinematics parameter calculation methods, the paper modifies and corrects the original formula, then puts forward and derives a new kinematics calculation formula based on the coordinates methods. The theoretical derivation and the simulation comparison proved that the revised methods and the new calculation method is a kind of accurate algorithm in theory.
Combining the kinematics calculation analysis conclusion, this article completes the analysis of the dynamic parameters calculation for piston pump, focused on the calculation method for the cavity fuel pressure in the plunger piston, the cavity fuel pressure in the rotor, the spring force for the plunger spring and the returning plate spring, the friction on the piston cavity wall, and the inertial force caused by plunger piston involvement movement and relative motion.At the same time, as the connection component of the plunger piston, the calculation methods for the comprehensive force and the moment on the slipping shoe are analyzed. In the dynamic analysis and calculation, the result for the friction between the piston and piston cavity is determined through the nonlinear dynamic model and calculated by Genetic Algorithm.
Well lubrication between the slipping shoe and the swashplate is the key technology for the piston pump design. Based on the the piston kinematics dynamics analysis, the hydrostatic lubrication principle of the slipping shoe and the self-adaptive film formation mechanism are analyzed firstly, then for the slipping shoe lubrication structure, according to the slipping shoe force balance and flow continuous theory, the calculation method for the film thickness is deduced, and last the simulation for the film thickness changing with the slipping shoe parameters and the pump working parameters is simulated.
The core for the slipping shoe hydrostatic lubrication design is that how to determine the best film thickness with the corresponding less power losses and volume efficiency losses and more bearing stiffness in theory. According to this, the property theoretical for the hydrostatic lubrication film is discussed from following5parts: velocity distribution in slipping shoe film, efficiency calculation for slipping shoe throttling, the calculation for friction power losses and leakage losses caused by the hydrostatic lubrication film between the slipping shoe and the swashplate, the volume efficiency change caused by the film, the stiffness calculation for the film thickness with alternative load bearing. At the end the certain basis and specific route to determine the best film thickness is recommended.
Slipping shoe is located on the return plate, and spins synchronously with the rotor. Because of the inclined piston and spherical swashplate, the slipping shoe movement locus is a gens space curve. To determine the mounting hole position and the size on the return plate is another key technology in piston pump design. Bigger hole will make the slipping shoe fall off and smaller one may jammed, the ideal shape is determined by the slipping shoe neck movement envelope curve. This article firstly analyzes the limitation for the current design methods in piston pump return plate slipping shoe mounting hole design, then according to the piston pump geometry relationship and kinematic theory, using a totally different approach, puts forward that according to plunger piston and swashplate concurrent coordinate calculation method to deduce the slipping shoe movement locus, and goes ahead to2-D and3-D trajectory simulation, and theoretically contrasts the current results, verifies the correctness of the proposed method.
With the above research, in order to meet the needs of the engineering, an object-oriented universal software including piston pump performance parameter calculation, kinematics parameter calculation, dynamic parameter calculation, slipping shoe hydrostatic lubrication and film thickness calculation, slipping shoe movement analysis and simulation ect5parts is developed.
The research method and the result of this thesis can be used as the basis theory for the design of the aero fuel piston pump.
本文针对柱塞泵现有设计计算方法存在的问题与不足,对其运动学、动力学、滑靴静压润滑特性、滑靴运动轨迹等泵设计的基础理论与关键技术进行分析研究。
关于运动学参数计算方法,分析了航空燃油柱塞泵运动学参数现有计算方法及其存在的不足,证明目前采用的方法是一种将非线性位移计算线性化近似计算方法,使得加速度误差在典型工作点约为3%。根据柱塞泵运动学原理,对现有运动学参数计算方法进行详细推导,修正原来的计算公式,同时提出并推导了一种基于坐标方法的运动学参数新计算方法。理论推导与仿真对比验证说明本文修订方法与所提出的新计算方法在理论上是一种准确算法。
结合运动学计算分析结论,完成了柱塞泵动力学参数计算方法分析,侧重研究了柱塞所受的柱塞腔油压力、转子腔内油压力、柱塞弹簧和返回盘弹簧的弹簧力、柱塞腔壁的摩擦力、柱塞牵连运动的哥氏惯性力与相对运动引起的惯性力的计算方法。同时作为与柱塞的连接元件,分析了滑靴所受的综合力与力矩计算方法。在动力学分析计算中,对其中柱塞与柱塞腔之间的摩擦力而引起与其它力的相互作用结果,通过非线性动态方程建模与遗传算法求解确定。
滑靴与斜盘之间的良好润滑是柱塞泵设计的关键技术。在柱塞泵运动学、动力学分析的基础上,首先对滑靴静压润滑原理、油膜的形成与自适应调节机理进行分析,根据滑靴力平衡与流量连续原理,分析推导了油膜厚度计算方法,并进行了油膜厚度随滑靴结构参数与泵工作参数变化的仿真。
滑靴静压润滑设计的核心是如何理论上确定功率损失小、容积效率损失少、油膜承载刚度大对应的最佳油膜厚度。针对此,从滑靴油膜内速度分布、滑靴节流器效能计算、滑靴与斜盘之间静压润滑油膜引起的摩擦功率损失与泄漏功率损失计算、油膜引起的容积效率变化计算、油膜厚度对交变载荷承载的刚度计算五个方面进行静压润滑油膜的特性理论分析与仿真,并综合给出最佳油膜厚度确定的依据与具体路线。
柱塞泵的滑靴固定在返回盘,并随转子同步旋转,由于柱塞倾斜安装、斜盘呈球面,使得滑靴运动随斜盘转角变化呈一族空间曲线,其中返回盘上滑靴安装孔位置与形状确定是柱塞泵设计的另一个关键技术。开孔太大容易使滑靴从滑靴孔脱落,太小可能出现滑靴卡死,理想的形状是按滑靴颈运动包络线来确定。本文首先分析了柱塞泵返回盘滑靴安装孔现有设计方法的局限性,然后根据柱塞泵几何关系与运动学原理,采用与目前完全不同的方法,提出按柱塞和斜盘共同作用的坐标计算方法来推导滑靴运动轨迹,并进行二维与三维轨迹仿真,同时从理论上与现有结果对比,验证所提出方法的正确性。
在上述研究的基础上,为满足工程需要,设计开发了集柱塞泵性能参数计算、运动学参数计算、动力学参数计算、滑靴静压润滑与油膜厚度计算、滑靴运动轨迹分析与仿真等五个功能模块的面向对象通用计算软件
上述研究方法与研究结果可为航空燃油柱塞泵的设计提供理论依据。
Spherical swashplate axial piston pump mainly used as the fuel supply and control unit for the aeroengine, which is the important component of the engine control system, considered to be the heart of the engine and its performance influences the performance, service life and reliability of the aeroengine control system directly and then affects the flight safety of aircraft.
Specific to the current problems and limitations existing in the design calculation method, this thesis takes the spherical swashplate axial piston pump as the research object, focus on the kinematics and dynamics, the features for the slipping shoe hydrostatic lubrication, movement locus of the slipping shoe ect in the pump R&D of the fundamental theories and key technologies.
Regarding to the kinematics parameter calculation method, current calculation methods and its weakness are analyzed, proved that the current methods deal with non-linear displacement calculation approximately, so lead to the acceleration error around3%in typical working point. According to the piston pump kinematic theory, with detailed deduce of the current kinematics parameter calculation methods, the paper modifies and corrects the original formula, then puts forward and derives a new kinematics calculation formula based on the coordinates methods. The theoretical derivation and the simulation comparison proved that the revised methods and the new calculation method is a kind of accurate algorithm in theory.
Combining the kinematics calculation analysis conclusion, this article completes the analysis of the dynamic parameters calculation for piston pump, focused on the calculation method for the cavity fuel pressure in the plunger piston, the cavity fuel pressure in the rotor, the spring force for the plunger spring and the returning plate spring, the friction on the piston cavity wall, and the inertial force caused by plunger piston involvement movement and relative motion.At the same time, as the connection component of the plunger piston, the calculation methods for the comprehensive force and the moment on the slipping shoe are analyzed. In the dynamic analysis and calculation, the result for the friction between the piston and piston cavity is determined through the nonlinear dynamic model and calculated by Genetic Algorithm.
Well lubrication between the slipping shoe and the swashplate is the key technology for the piston pump design. Based on the the piston kinematics dynamics analysis, the hydrostatic lubrication principle of the slipping shoe and the self-adaptive film formation mechanism are analyzed firstly, then for the slipping shoe lubrication structure, according to the slipping shoe force balance and flow continuous theory, the calculation method for the film thickness is deduced, and last the simulation for the film thickness changing with the slipping shoe parameters and the pump working parameters is simulated.
The core for the slipping shoe hydrostatic lubrication design is that how to determine the best film thickness with the corresponding less power losses and volume efficiency losses and more bearing stiffness in theory. According to this, the property theoretical for the hydrostatic lubrication film is discussed from following5parts: velocity distribution in slipping shoe film, efficiency calculation for slipping shoe throttling, the calculation for friction power losses and leakage losses caused by the hydrostatic lubrication film between the slipping shoe and the swashplate, the volume efficiency change caused by the film, the stiffness calculation for the film thickness with alternative load bearing. At the end the certain basis and specific route to determine the best film thickness is recommended.
Slipping shoe is located on the return plate, and spins synchronously with the rotor. Because of the inclined piston and spherical swashplate, the slipping shoe movement locus is a gens space curve. To determine the mounting hole position and the size on the return plate is another key technology in piston pump design. Bigger hole will make the slipping shoe fall off and smaller one may jammed, the ideal shape is determined by the slipping shoe neck movement envelope curve. This article firstly analyzes the limitation for the current design methods in piston pump return plate slipping shoe mounting hole design, then according to the piston pump geometry relationship and kinematic theory, using a totally different approach, puts forward that according to plunger piston and swashplate concurrent coordinate calculation method to deduce the slipping shoe movement locus, and goes ahead to2-D and3-D trajectory simulation, and theoretically contrasts the current results, verifies the correctness of the proposed method.
With the above research, in order to meet the needs of the engineering, an object-oriented universal software including piston pump performance parameter calculation, kinematics parameter calculation, dynamic parameter calculation, slipping shoe hydrostatic lubrication and film thickness calculation, slipping shoe movement analysis and simulation ect5parts is developed.
The research method and the result of this thesis can be used as the basis theory for the design of the aero fuel piston pump.
引文
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