A~2/O-MBR处理城市污水的应用研究
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摘要
基于西北某县城现有污水处理设施处理能力不能满足全负荷运行的要求以及存在的水资源严重短缺的问题,论文提出了A~2/O与MBR的组合工艺,以期在有限占地面积内实现污水处理能力由2500m~3/d提升至5000m~3/d的扩容以及污水再生利用的双重目的,项目的实施对西北干旱缺水地区污水再生利用以及污水处理厂的升级改造提供了典范。
基于污水水质特性,研究设计了A~2/O生物处理工艺,并将厌氧池、缺氧池、好氧池的有效水深提高至10.5m以解决在有限的占地面积内有足够长的停留时间完成污染物降解。依据有机物和氮磷营养物质比例,好氧池、厌氧池和缺氧池的水力停留时间分别为1.5h、4h、4.5h。后续膜生物反应器(MBR)采用内置淹没式配置,水力停留时间为1h。对A~2/O-MBR工艺工况影响因素和长期运行效果研究结果表明,处理水各项水质指标均达到《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》(GB/T18920-2002)的要求。并结合实际运行管理特点和工艺设计,分析了膜污染机理,制定了膜污染控制模式。通过与传统活性污泥与二级处理水深度处理工艺比较,分析评价了该工艺的经济指标,指出了A~2/O-MBR组合工艺不仅具有水质优良、占地面积小等特点,且具有能耗低的优势。
Based on the drawback problem of existing treatment facilities that can not satisfy the full load capacity in a northwest town and the water resources shortage, this paper presented the combination process of A~2/O and MBR to fulfill the handling ability of waster from 2500m3/d to 5000m3/d under the limited area, meanwhile achieved wastewater recycling. The project can provide an example for reusing of wastewater and advancing of sewage treatment plant in northwest area.
Based on wastewater quality characteristics, the A~2/O biological treatment process was chosen, and the effective water depth of the anaerobic tank, anoxic, aerobic tank was increased to 10.5m. This achieved the purpose of degradation of pollutants completely within a limited area under an enough long hydraulic retention time. Depending on the proportion of organic matter and nutrients of nitrogen and phosphorus, the hydraulic retention time of aerobic tank, anaerobic tank and anoxic tank was 1.5h, 4h, 4.5h respectively. The hydraulic retention time of subsequent membrane bioreactor (MBR) adopted a built-submerged configuration was 1h. The influence factors and the long-term operation effect of A~2/O-MBR showed that the finished water quality achieved the requirements of "urban wastewater reuse for urban reclaimed water quality" (GB/T18920-2002). This paper analyzed the mechanism of the membrane fouling and constructured a membrane fouling control model, Combining with the actual operation management features and process design.Comparing with conventional activated sludge treatment and advanced sencordary effulent, this study assessed economic indicator of the process, and implied the numerous advantage of the A~2/O-MBR process that can obtain higher water quality with a small covering area and lower energy consumption.
基于污水水质特性,研究设计了A~2/O生物处理工艺,并将厌氧池、缺氧池、好氧池的有效水深提高至10.5m以解决在有限的占地面积内有足够长的停留时间完成污染物降解。依据有机物和氮磷营养物质比例,好氧池、厌氧池和缺氧池的水力停留时间分别为1.5h、4h、4.5h。后续膜生物反应器(MBR)采用内置淹没式配置,水力停留时间为1h。对A~2/O-MBR工艺工况影响因素和长期运行效果研究结果表明,处理水各项水质指标均达到《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》(GB/T18920-2002)的要求。并结合实际运行管理特点和工艺设计,分析了膜污染机理,制定了膜污染控制模式。通过与传统活性污泥与二级处理水深度处理工艺比较,分析评价了该工艺的经济指标,指出了A~2/O-MBR组合工艺不仅具有水质优良、占地面积小等特点,且具有能耗低的优势。
Based on the drawback problem of existing treatment facilities that can not satisfy the full load capacity in a northwest town and the water resources shortage, this paper presented the combination process of A~2/O and MBR to fulfill the handling ability of waster from 2500m3/d to 5000m3/d under the limited area, meanwhile achieved wastewater recycling. The project can provide an example for reusing of wastewater and advancing of sewage treatment plant in northwest area.
Based on wastewater quality characteristics, the A~2/O biological treatment process was chosen, and the effective water depth of the anaerobic tank, anoxic, aerobic tank was increased to 10.5m. This achieved the purpose of degradation of pollutants completely within a limited area under an enough long hydraulic retention time. Depending on the proportion of organic matter and nutrients of nitrogen and phosphorus, the hydraulic retention time of aerobic tank, anaerobic tank and anoxic tank was 1.5h, 4h, 4.5h respectively. The hydraulic retention time of subsequent membrane bioreactor (MBR) adopted a built-submerged configuration was 1h. The influence factors and the long-term operation effect of A~2/O-MBR showed that the finished water quality achieved the requirements of "urban wastewater reuse for urban reclaimed water quality" (GB/T18920-2002). This paper analyzed the mechanism of the membrane fouling and constructured a membrane fouling control model, Combining with the actual operation management features and process design.Comparing with conventional activated sludge treatment and advanced sencordary effulent, this study assessed economic indicator of the process, and implied the numerous advantage of the A~2/O-MBR process that can obtain higher water quality with a small covering area and lower energy consumption.
引文
[1]顾国维,何义等.膜生物反应器—在污水处理中的研究和应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002.
[2]郑祥等.膜生物反应器在水处理中的研究及应用[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2000,40(05):14-22.
[3]樊耀波,王菊思.水与废水处理中的膜生物反应器技术[J].环境科学,1995,16(5):79- 81.
[4]张琳,张元月.新型污水处理装置-膜生物反应器[J].重庆环境科学,1996,18(4):51-55.
[5]黄霞,桂萍,范晓军等.膜生物反应器废水处理工艺的研究进展,环境科学研究,1998,11(l):40-44
[6]朱高雄. A/0-MBR处理生活污水用于景观水的研究及运用[D].天津:天津大学,2006.
[7]孔祥瑞.“接触氧化+膜生物反应器”工艺处理生活污水的研究[D].西安:长安大学,2008.
[8]封莉,张立秋,吕炳南.污泥浓度对膜生物反应器运行特性的影响研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2003,35(3):307-310.
[9]张杰. A/O工艺的固有欠缺和对策研究[J].给水排水,2003,29(3):22~25.
[10]张树国,顾国维,吴志超.膜生物反应器中污泥特性对膜污染的影响[J].工业水处理,2003,23(12):8-12.
[11]陈红枫.一体式膜生物反应器膜污染控制的研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学;2003.
[12]刘岩,李志东,蒋林时.膜生物反应器(MBR)处理废水的研究进展[J].长春理工大学学报,2007,30(1) :98-101.
[13]李凤亭,王亮,刘华,刘岩.膜生物反应器在水处理中的应用与新发展[J].工业水处理,2005,25(1):10-13.
[14]刘宝珺;廖声萍;水资源的现状、利用与保护[J].西南石油大学学报,2007,15(6):55-58.
[15]高艳玲,马达等.污水生物处理新技术设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[16]彭文启,张样伟.现代水环境质量评价理论与方法[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[17]雷乐成等.污水回用新技术及工程设计[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002:710.
[18]史洪徽,单连斌. MBR在中水回用领域的工程应用研究[DB/OL]
[19]娄金生主编.生物脱氮除磷原理与应用[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,2002.
[20]陈荷生.太湖的富营养化及氮磷污染的治理.污水脱氮除磷技术研究与实践, 248-251.
[21]金相灿主编.中国湖泊环境[M].北京:海洋出版社,1995.
[22]陈英旭主编.环境学[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1995.
[23]刘天齐主编.环境保护[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1996.
[24]叶建锋主编.废水生物脱氮处理新技术[M].北京:学工业出版社,2006.
[25] Holakoo L, Nakhla G, Bassi A.S. and Yanful E. K. (2007). Long term performance of MBR for biological nitrogen removal from synthetic municipal wastewater [J]. Chemosphere, 66, 849-857.
[26] Stephenson T, Judd S, Jefferson B, Brindle K.膜生物反应器污水处理技术[M].张树国,李咏梅译.北京:化学工业出版社,2003:13-20.
[27]国家环保局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法(第3版) [M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1989:90-438.
[28] Hu J., Li D., Tao Y. Effect of acetate on nitrite oxidation in Mixed population biofilms Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2008, 106( 6): 580-586.
[29]张锡辉,刘勇弟译.废水生物处理(第二版,改编和扩充)[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.
[30]王晓莲,彭永臻等. A2/O法污水生物脱氮除磷处理技术与应用.北京:科学出版社,2009.
[31]吴广华,张耀斌等.温度及反硝化聚磷对SBMBBR脱氮除磷的影响[J].环境科学,2007,28(11):2484-2487.
[32] Panswad T, Doungchai A, Anotai J. Temperature effect on microbial community of enhanced biological phosphorus removal system [J] .Water Research, 2003, 37 (2): 409~ 415.
[33] Hu J, Li D, Tao Y. Effect of acetate on nitrite oxidation in Mixed population biofilms / Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2008, 106( 6): 580-586.
[34]李圭白,张杰.水质工程学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[35]程丽,张敬琳.生物膜法去除二级出水中的氨氮[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(5):48-50.
[36]张自杰,排水工程(下册)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[37]周群英,高廷耀.环境工程微生物学.北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[38]王社平,邵军峰等. A2/O工艺中二沉池污泥上浮的原因与对策[J].中国给水排水,2010,26(13):43-49.
[39]康冠军.活性污泥膨胀上浮的原因与对策.石油化工环境保护[J],2006,29(2):31-33.
[40]陈安稳,时翔云等.污泥膨胀的原因及其控制方法.中国农学通报[J],2006,22(12):296-298 .
[41]王洪臣主编.城市污水处理厂运行控制与维护管理[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.
[42] Long D, Nghiem, Andrea I, Schafer. Fouling autopsy of hollow-fiber MF membranes in wastewater reclamation [J]. Desalination. 2006, 188.113-121.
[43] Lee W, Kang S, Shin H. Sludge characteristics and their contribution to microfiltration in submerged membrane bioreactors [J]. J.Membr.Sci. 2003, 216(1~2): 217~227.
[44] Chang I S, Lee C H. Membrane filtration characteristics in membrane-coupled activated sludge system—the effect of physiological states of activated sludge on membrane fouling [J]. Desalination, 1998, 120: 221~233.
[45]袁家淼,马玉新,纪书华等.膜污染及其防治措施研究[J]. 2006,31(6):75.
[46] Huang X, Gui P, Qian Y. Behavior of soluble microbial products in a membrane Bioreactor [J]. Proc.Biochem. 2001, 36(5):401 ~ 406.
[47] Nagaoka H, Ueda S, Miya A. Influence of bacterial extracellular polymers on the membrane separation activated sludge process [J]. Water Sci. Technol. 1996, 34: 165 ~ 172 .
[48] Kang I J, Yoon S H, Lee C H. Comparison of the filtration characteristics of organic and inorganic membranes in a membrane coupled anaerobic bioreactor [J]. Water Res. 2002, 36: 1803~1813.
[49]张小燕.复合式MBR用于生活污水处理的特性研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2010.
[50] Hong SP, Bae TH, Tak T M, et al. Fouling control in activated sludge submerged hollow fiber membrane bioreactor [J]. Desalination, 2002, 143:219~228.
[51]周显宏,刘文山等.膜污染机理及其控制技术[J].东莞理工学院学报,2010,17(1):57-61.
[52]曹斌,黄霞,北中敦等. A2 /O-膜生物反应器强化生物脱氮除磷中试研究[J].中国给水排水,2007,23(3):22-26
[2]郑祥等.膜生物反应器在水处理中的研究及应用[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2000,40(05):14-22.
[3]樊耀波,王菊思.水与废水处理中的膜生物反应器技术[J].环境科学,1995,16(5):79- 81.
[4]张琳,张元月.新型污水处理装置-膜生物反应器[J].重庆环境科学,1996,18(4):51-55.
[5]黄霞,桂萍,范晓军等.膜生物反应器废水处理工艺的研究进展,环境科学研究,1998,11(l):40-44
[6]朱高雄. A/0-MBR处理生活污水用于景观水的研究及运用[D].天津:天津大学,2006.
[7]孔祥瑞.“接触氧化+膜生物反应器”工艺处理生活污水的研究[D].西安:长安大学,2008.
[8]封莉,张立秋,吕炳南.污泥浓度对膜生物反应器运行特性的影响研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2003,35(3):307-310.
[9]张杰. A/O工艺的固有欠缺和对策研究[J].给水排水,2003,29(3):22~25.
[10]张树国,顾国维,吴志超.膜生物反应器中污泥特性对膜污染的影响[J].工业水处理,2003,23(12):8-12.
[11]陈红枫.一体式膜生物反应器膜污染控制的研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学;2003.
[12]刘岩,李志东,蒋林时.膜生物反应器(MBR)处理废水的研究进展[J].长春理工大学学报,2007,30(1) :98-101.
[13]李凤亭,王亮,刘华,刘岩.膜生物反应器在水处理中的应用与新发展[J].工业水处理,2005,25(1):10-13.
[14]刘宝珺;廖声萍;水资源的现状、利用与保护[J].西南石油大学学报,2007,15(6):55-58.
[15]高艳玲,马达等.污水生物处理新技术设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[16]彭文启,张样伟.现代水环境质量评价理论与方法[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[17]雷乐成等.污水回用新技术及工程设计[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002:710.
[18]史洪徽,单连斌. MBR在中水回用领域的工程应用研究[DB/OL]
[19]娄金生主编.生物脱氮除磷原理与应用[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,2002.
[20]陈荷生.太湖的富营养化及氮磷污染的治理.污水脱氮除磷技术研究与实践, 248-251.
[21]金相灿主编.中国湖泊环境[M].北京:海洋出版社,1995.
[22]陈英旭主编.环境学[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1995.
[23]刘天齐主编.环境保护[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1996.
[24]叶建锋主编.废水生物脱氮处理新技术[M].北京:学工业出版社,2006.
[25] Holakoo L, Nakhla G, Bassi A.S. and Yanful E. K. (2007). Long term performance of MBR for biological nitrogen removal from synthetic municipal wastewater [J]. Chemosphere, 66, 849-857.
[26] Stephenson T, Judd S, Jefferson B, Brindle K.膜生物反应器污水处理技术[M].张树国,李咏梅译.北京:化学工业出版社,2003:13-20.
[27]国家环保局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法(第3版) [M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1989:90-438.
[28] Hu J., Li D., Tao Y. Effect of acetate on nitrite oxidation in Mixed population biofilms Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2008, 106( 6): 580-586.
[29]张锡辉,刘勇弟译.废水生物处理(第二版,改编和扩充)[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.
[30]王晓莲,彭永臻等. A2/O法污水生物脱氮除磷处理技术与应用.北京:科学出版社,2009.
[31]吴广华,张耀斌等.温度及反硝化聚磷对SBMBBR脱氮除磷的影响[J].环境科学,2007,28(11):2484-2487.
[32] Panswad T, Doungchai A, Anotai J. Temperature effect on microbial community of enhanced biological phosphorus removal system [J] .Water Research, 2003, 37 (2): 409~ 415.
[33] Hu J, Li D, Tao Y. Effect of acetate on nitrite oxidation in Mixed population biofilms / Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2008, 106( 6): 580-586.
[34]李圭白,张杰.水质工程学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[35]程丽,张敬琳.生物膜法去除二级出水中的氨氮[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(5):48-50.
[36]张自杰,排水工程(下册)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[37]周群英,高廷耀.环境工程微生物学.北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[38]王社平,邵军峰等. A2/O工艺中二沉池污泥上浮的原因与对策[J].中国给水排水,2010,26(13):43-49.
[39]康冠军.活性污泥膨胀上浮的原因与对策.石油化工环境保护[J],2006,29(2):31-33.
[40]陈安稳,时翔云等.污泥膨胀的原因及其控制方法.中国农学通报[J],2006,22(12):296-298 .
[41]王洪臣主编.城市污水处理厂运行控制与维护管理[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.
[42] Long D, Nghiem, Andrea I, Schafer. Fouling autopsy of hollow-fiber MF membranes in wastewater reclamation [J]. Desalination. 2006, 188.113-121.
[43] Lee W, Kang S, Shin H. Sludge characteristics and their contribution to microfiltration in submerged membrane bioreactors [J]. J.Membr.Sci. 2003, 216(1~2): 217~227.
[44] Chang I S, Lee C H. Membrane filtration characteristics in membrane-coupled activated sludge system—the effect of physiological states of activated sludge on membrane fouling [J]. Desalination, 1998, 120: 221~233.
[45]袁家淼,马玉新,纪书华等.膜污染及其防治措施研究[J]. 2006,31(6):75.
[46] Huang X, Gui P, Qian Y. Behavior of soluble microbial products in a membrane Bioreactor [J]. Proc.Biochem. 2001, 36(5):401 ~ 406.
[47] Nagaoka H, Ueda S, Miya A. Influence of bacterial extracellular polymers on the membrane separation activated sludge process [J]. Water Sci. Technol. 1996, 34: 165 ~ 172 .
[48] Kang I J, Yoon S H, Lee C H. Comparison of the filtration characteristics of organic and inorganic membranes in a membrane coupled anaerobic bioreactor [J]. Water Res. 2002, 36: 1803~1813.
[49]张小燕.复合式MBR用于生活污水处理的特性研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2010.
[50] Hong SP, Bae TH, Tak T M, et al. Fouling control in activated sludge submerged hollow fiber membrane bioreactor [J]. Desalination, 2002, 143:219~228.
[51]周显宏,刘文山等.膜污染机理及其控制技术[J].东莞理工学院学报,2010,17(1):57-61.
[52]曹斌,黄霞,北中敦等. A2 /O-膜生物反应器强化生物脱氮除磷中试研究[J].中国给水排水,2007,23(3):22-26