填充物对聚氯乙烯基柔性隔音复合材料性能影响的研究
摘要
随着工业生产、交通运输、城市建筑的发展，以及人口密度的增加，家庭设施（音响、空调、电视机等）的增多，环境噪声日益严重，它已成为污染人类社会环境的一大公害。因此，对噪声污染进行防御和控制已经成为当今急需解决的重要课题。本课题根据降噪机理，以聚氯乙烯（PVC）为基体，填充具有隔声效果的废旧橡胶粉（增加复合材料的阻尼来提高隔声性能）、不同目数的云母（通过片状层叠结构增加声波的反射与折射来提高复合材料的隔声性能）、不同目数的蛭石（通过受热膨胀，类似云母的层叠结构增加声能损耗来提高隔声效果）、石墨（使声能转化成电能然后转化成热能进而耗散掉来提高复合材料的隔声效果），采用模压方式制备成可裁剪、柔性、轻量、薄型、较好力学性能，而且具有良好的加工性能新型聚合物基隔声降噪复合材料的工业化生产流水线，使其不仅具有良好的隔声性能，还具有其他较好的综合性能及较容易的一体工业化的生产线，从实验室试验到实际工业化生产的转变，为我国的隔音降噪复合材料的工业化生产提供经验。
首先，主要是对聚氯乙烯基复合材料中基本配方的研究，以期达到较好的可加工性、力学性能和隔声性能，主要对试样做如下分析：
1.增塑剂DOP的含量对聚氯乙烯基隔声复合材料性能影响的研究。
2.抗缓冲剂CPE的含量对聚氯乙烯基隔声复合材料性能影响的研究。
3.BaSO_4的含量对复合材料加工性能影响的研究。
实验表明，当CPE为10份（以PVC质量份数100为基准），DOP为80份时，复合材料具有较好的综合性能。
其次，在此实验配方的基础上，继续研究废旧橡胶的加入量对复合材料综合性能的影响，实验表明当废旧橡胶含量为120份时，复合材料具有较好的综合性能。
最后，研究不同填充物对PVC基隔声复合材料性能的影响，在填充橡胶粉为120份时，继续加入填充物，主要包括不同目数（20～40目和80～100目）的云母粉，不同目数（40目和80目）的蛭石粉，800目石墨和鳞片石墨，研究填充物对聚氯乙烯基隔声复合材料的隔声性能、力学性能、阻尼性能的影响，和对材料内部微观结构的观察。
实验表明填充20～40目云母，隔声量有一定的提高，当填充80～100目云母时，对复合材料的隔声效果影响不明显。填充40目蛭石时，随着填充物份数的增加，复合材料的隔声性能具有一定的提高，而填充80目蛭石时，添加的份数对材料的隔声性能影响不明显。当填充鳞片石墨和800目石墨时，对复合材料的隔声效果影响都不明显。
无论填充什么物质，当填充的含量增加时，材料的加工性能都变差，且材料的断裂伸长率变差，刚柔性变差。
Along with the development of industrial production, transportation and city construction,as well as the increase in population density and family facilities (audio, air conditioner, TV),environmental noise pollution is increasingly serious and has become a public hazard of humansocial environment. Therefore, the prevention and control of noise pollution has become anurgent task. According to the mechanism of noise reduction, with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) asthe matrix, Filled with the insulation effect of waste rubber powder (an increase of compositedamping to improve the sound insulation performance)， different mesh mica (through thesheet laminated structure increases acoustic reflection and refraction to improve compositeinsulation), different mesh vermiculite (through thermal expansion, mica laminate structuresimilar to increase energy loss to improve sound effects), graphite (to make the sound energyinto electrical energy and then converted into thermal energy and dissipated to enhance thecomposite sound-proof effect), using the molding way to produce cut-able, flexible, light weight,thin, good mechanical properties，but also has good processing properties of novel polymericnoise reduction composite industrial production lines, which not only has good sound insulationperformance, but also has other good comprehensive performance and easily one ofindustrialized production line, from the laboratory test to actual industrial production change, forour country's soundproof composite material industrialization production experience.
First of all, in order to achieve good workability, mechanical property and sound insulationperformance, study on the basic formulation of PVC Composites and following analysis samplehas been done:
1. Impact studies on DOP plasticizer content to PVC-based composites material.
2. Impact studies on CPE content to PVC composite material.
3. Impact studies on BaSO_4content to composite materials processing.
Experimental results show that, when CPE is10(PVC quality number100as the reference)and DOP is8, the composites material has good comprehensive properties.
Secondly, base on above experimental formula foundation, continue to study the performance influence of rubber scrap addition amount on the composite material; theexperimental results show that when the waste rubber was120, the composites have goodcomprehensive properties.
Finally, study the impact of different fillers on PVC based sound insulation property ofcomposites, In filling rubber120phr, continue to add filler,including different number (20～40and80～100) of mica powder, different number (40and80) of vermiculite powder,800itemgraphite and flake graphite; research on the impact of acoustic insulation property, mechanicalproperties and damping performance of PVC composite filled composite material, and doobservation on the material microstructure.
Experiments show that when20～40mica was filled, Sound insulation has been improved toa certain extent, when the filled80～100mica,the sound insulation effect of composite is notobvious. Filling40vermiculite, along with filling number increases, the sound insulationperformance of composite material was improved, while filling80vermiculite, number of fillingaffects the sound insulation property of material little. When filled with graphite and800itemgraphite, composite sound insulation effect is not significant, and no matter what the fillingmaterial, when filled with content increases, the processing performance of materials havedeteriorated, and elongation at break of the material change poor, rigid flexible variation.
首先，主要是对聚氯乙烯基复合材料中基本配方的研究，以期达到较好的可加工性、力学性能和隔声性能，主要对试样做如下分析：
1.增塑剂DOP的含量对聚氯乙烯基隔声复合材料性能影响的研究。
2.抗缓冲剂CPE的含量对聚氯乙烯基隔声复合材料性能影响的研究。
3.BaSO_4的含量对复合材料加工性能影响的研究。
实验表明，当CPE为10份（以PVC质量份数100为基准），DOP为80份时，复合材料具有较好的综合性能。
其次，在此实验配方的基础上，继续研究废旧橡胶的加入量对复合材料综合性能的影响，实验表明当废旧橡胶含量为120份时，复合材料具有较好的综合性能。
最后，研究不同填充物对PVC基隔声复合材料性能的影响，在填充橡胶粉为120份时，继续加入填充物，主要包括不同目数（20～40目和80～100目）的云母粉，不同目数（40目和80目）的蛭石粉，800目石墨和鳞片石墨，研究填充物对聚氯乙烯基隔声复合材料的隔声性能、力学性能、阻尼性能的影响，和对材料内部微观结构的观察。
实验表明填充20～40目云母，隔声量有一定的提高，当填充80～100目云母时，对复合材料的隔声效果影响不明显。填充40目蛭石时，随着填充物份数的增加，复合材料的隔声性能具有一定的提高，而填充80目蛭石时，添加的份数对材料的隔声性能影响不明显。当填充鳞片石墨和800目石墨时，对复合材料的隔声效果影响都不明显。
无论填充什么物质，当填充的含量增加时，材料的加工性能都变差，且材料的断裂伸长率变差，刚柔性变差。
Along with the development of industrial production, transportation and city construction,as well as the increase in population density and family facilities (audio, air conditioner, TV),environmental noise pollution is increasingly serious and has become a public hazard of humansocial environment. Therefore, the prevention and control of noise pollution has become anurgent task. According to the mechanism of noise reduction, with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) asthe matrix, Filled with the insulation effect of waste rubber powder (an increase of compositedamping to improve the sound insulation performance)， different mesh mica (through thesheet laminated structure increases acoustic reflection and refraction to improve compositeinsulation), different mesh vermiculite (through thermal expansion, mica laminate structuresimilar to increase energy loss to improve sound effects), graphite (to make the sound energyinto electrical energy and then converted into thermal energy and dissipated to enhance thecomposite sound-proof effect), using the molding way to produce cut-able, flexible, light weight,thin, good mechanical properties，but also has good processing properties of novel polymericnoise reduction composite industrial production lines, which not only has good sound insulationperformance, but also has other good comprehensive performance and easily one ofindustrialized production line, from the laboratory test to actual industrial production change, forour country's soundproof composite material industrialization production experience.
First of all, in order to achieve good workability, mechanical property and sound insulationperformance, study on the basic formulation of PVC Composites and following analysis samplehas been done:
1. Impact studies on DOP plasticizer content to PVC-based composites material.
2. Impact studies on CPE content to PVC composite material.
3. Impact studies on BaSO_4content to composite materials processing.
Experimental results show that, when CPE is10(PVC quality number100as the reference)and DOP is8, the composites material has good comprehensive properties.
Secondly, base on above experimental formula foundation, continue to study the performance influence of rubber scrap addition amount on the composite material; theexperimental results show that when the waste rubber was120, the composites have goodcomprehensive properties.
Finally, study the impact of different fillers on PVC based sound insulation property ofcomposites, In filling rubber120phr, continue to add filler,including different number (20～40and80～100) of mica powder, different number (40and80) of vermiculite powder,800itemgraphite and flake graphite; research on the impact of acoustic insulation property, mechanicalproperties and damping performance of PVC composite filled composite material, and doobservation on the material microstructure.
Experiments show that when20～40mica was filled, Sound insulation has been improved toa certain extent, when the filled80～100mica,the sound insulation effect of composite is notobvious. Filling40vermiculite, along with filling number increases, the sound insulationperformance of composite material was improved, while filling80vermiculite, number of fillingaffects the sound insulation property of material little. When filled with graphite and800itemgraphite, composite sound insulation effect is not significant, and no matter what the fillingmaterial, when filled with content increases, the processing performance of materials havedeteriorated, and elongation at break of the material change poor, rigid flexible variation.
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