当代大学生法律意识的问题研究
摘要
“依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家”的治国方略的确定,标志着我国社会主义民主法制建设进入了新的历史时期,大学生是未来社会主义建设的中坚力量,发挥社会主体的作用,从这个角度来说,当代大学生法律意识状态影响着我国社会法治走向。随着我国法制建设的发展和逐步完善,大学生的法律意识虽已有所提高,但是仍存在着不少问题。因此,在深入分析大学生法律意识存在问题及其原因的基础上,积极探索大学生法律意识培育的有效途径具有非常重要的现实意义。
只有强化大学生社会主义法律意识,才能在国家事务的管理中发挥应有的作用,实现国家政治生活、经济生活和社会生活的法治化,才可以更好地贯彻“依法治国”的基本方略。
“It is impossible that one without legal consciousness. Everyone who can feel the other being existed except himself must have the legal consciousness”. To improving the legal consciousness of the university students is not only one of the main content of ideological and political education course,but also have a great demonstration efffect to the community. Traning students establish a socialist legal consciousness ,enhance their legal concept of the rule by law is to achieve the project of vital and lasting importance. The lack of law knowledge of students and the lack of legal consciousness are serious. Therefore ,this paper make some suggestions to solve this problem by investigation,study and analysis its causes.
The full text is divided into four part:
The first part,overview of university students’legal consciousness. On the awareness of the law, different scholars have a different definition and expositions. Through their point of view can be drawn from the comprehensive analysis and legal consciousness is a special kind of social awareness system is the main social phenomenon of social law subjective grasp, is the law of the rational and emotional, will and faith, and other Psychological elements of organic synthesis. Students awareness of the law can be expressed as groups of law students, legal or form a reflection of the phenomenon, that is, psychological, knowledge, views and ideas, including the laws of emotional, cognitive, evaluation and belief, such as the inner experience.
The second part, problem exists among contemporary university students legal consciousness. First, lack of legal knowledge . The university student law knowledge level is not well and they always pay more attention on their professional course while pay less attention on their elementary course, so when the examination month is coming, most students will become crammer for their elementary course. Under the control of this thought, college students always have no fixed elementary law knowledge. Second, have less or no legal sense. It’s easy to make college student have no clear law concept for they lack of law knowledge, even have part of college student beginning to doubt and unbelief the law and the main performance is on they have no clear idea about right and law relationships, definition between criminal and brake the law, ignore the law effects and other aspect. Third, value judgment standard deviation. though the thoroughly investigation that the college student takes seriously with the approval law utility function , actually neglected the legal social function moreover their law value understanding also to be in the primary level. Finally, the legal belief not yet is established. The investigation showed that the partial university students lack the firm legal belief, also on own initiative obeys and abides by the law very difficultly.
The third part, reasons of modern university student legal consciousness flaw. first, History cultural element. The tradition that morality is important than the law make huge psychological resistance for us to enforth the rule by law today and has restricted the thought governing the country by law dissemination. The traditional rule by people idea to a certain extent has also had the negative influence to the university student legal awareness's formation. The tradition idea sues lightly, evades sues to save deeply in citizen's mental structure until now, becomes the huge resistance to raise present age university student legal awareness. The traditional duty standard idea strengthened the people the value orientation which and sues lightly to the legal dread evades sues.second,social element, The market economy condition is imperfect the assignment income disparity which causes to be disparate and the money function's enlargement easy to create the people psychology the imbalance, sometimes some university students even are willing for the money, but crime. At the same time, also lacks the good government by law environment. Sometimes like, the legislative quality not high, the law enforcement mechanism malfunctions, the Judicial organ to have the corruption and so on. The network also has some negative influences. third, Education administration factor, Mainly displays in the school edition has loses, the classroom instruction effect biased unsatisfactory, aspects and so on extracurricular practice link asthenia. The Fouth one , Home education existence flaw, The home education idea is unscientific causes the family often to take student's academic record, but has neglected the other quality integrated development. Many home education's way is inappropriate, like spoils excessively, excessively severe or indulges, no matter and so on. The fifth one, reasons of colledge student themselves. The main performance is, psychological development existence many kinds of contradictions, thinking method one-sided, value goal aspects and so on utility.
The fourth part, the effective method of training college students on their law consciousness.Through the analysis and comprehension of the legal consciousness which exist in the college students’mind, we could take action as following: First, establish scientific training idea, raise legal awareness. Setting up the idea of self-improvement, pay more attention on the changes from focusing on the books to practice, from teaching law knowledge to improving the ability of using law. At the same time, we should implement the people-oriented,regarding the students as a vivid, complete individual, train their autonomy, initiative and creativity. Secondly, improving teaching process in classroom, improving teaching methods, extend teaching time. Thirdly, create three-dimensional train environment, strengthen college students’law awareness. Creating a nice social law environment is a systematic project for improving the law awareness of college students; it needs the supervision of all the society. For example, strengthen legislation, setting up a complete law system:do according to the law, strictly implemented the law. Creating a campus law environment, keeping manage universities according to the law. Improving the conscious and moral level of parents, improving their responsibility; improving the parents’law consciousness could accelerate the implementation of the law education. Finally, we should build a healthy network. Setting up a special network management agency, so that to make it in order and keep implementing for a long term. Fourthly, we should build a effective practicing process, improving college students’law ability. We should set up a standardize mechanism, a steady activity place and practice base and set up a effective competition incentive mechanism. Fifth, we should college students’initiative. On one hand, the college students should learn law actively and strengthen the moral self-discipline, on the other hand, we need promote the propagandizing of the rule of law, actively make the college students understand law knowledge and learn it.
In a word, strengthen the law consciousness of university students, it not only needs their own effort, but also needs the effort from the universities, families and the society. Unless the law consciousness increased, ideological and political lesson can be really implemented, socialism law building could be moving forward quickly and effectively!
只有强化大学生社会主义法律意识,才能在国家事务的管理中发挥应有的作用,实现国家政治生活、经济生活和社会生活的法治化,才可以更好地贯彻“依法治国”的基本方略。
“It is impossible that one without legal consciousness. Everyone who can feel the other being existed except himself must have the legal consciousness”. To improving the legal consciousness of the university students is not only one of the main content of ideological and political education course,but also have a great demonstration efffect to the community. Traning students establish a socialist legal consciousness ,enhance their legal concept of the rule by law is to achieve the project of vital and lasting importance. The lack of law knowledge of students and the lack of legal consciousness are serious. Therefore ,this paper make some suggestions to solve this problem by investigation,study and analysis its causes.
The full text is divided into four part:
The first part,overview of university students’legal consciousness. On the awareness of the law, different scholars have a different definition and expositions. Through their point of view can be drawn from the comprehensive analysis and legal consciousness is a special kind of social awareness system is the main social phenomenon of social law subjective grasp, is the law of the rational and emotional, will and faith, and other Psychological elements of organic synthesis. Students awareness of the law can be expressed as groups of law students, legal or form a reflection of the phenomenon, that is, psychological, knowledge, views and ideas, including the laws of emotional, cognitive, evaluation and belief, such as the inner experience.
The second part, problem exists among contemporary university students legal consciousness. First, lack of legal knowledge . The university student law knowledge level is not well and they always pay more attention on their professional course while pay less attention on their elementary course, so when the examination month is coming, most students will become crammer for their elementary course. Under the control of this thought, college students always have no fixed elementary law knowledge. Second, have less or no legal sense. It’s easy to make college student have no clear law concept for they lack of law knowledge, even have part of college student beginning to doubt and unbelief the law and the main performance is on they have no clear idea about right and law relationships, definition between criminal and brake the law, ignore the law effects and other aspect. Third, value judgment standard deviation. though the thoroughly investigation that the college student takes seriously with the approval law utility function , actually neglected the legal social function moreover their law value understanding also to be in the primary level. Finally, the legal belief not yet is established. The investigation showed that the partial university students lack the firm legal belief, also on own initiative obeys and abides by the law very difficultly.
The third part, reasons of modern university student legal consciousness flaw. first, History cultural element. The tradition that morality is important than the law make huge psychological resistance for us to enforth the rule by law today and has restricted the thought governing the country by law dissemination. The traditional rule by people idea to a certain extent has also had the negative influence to the university student legal awareness's formation. The tradition idea sues lightly, evades sues to save deeply in citizen's mental structure until now, becomes the huge resistance to raise present age university student legal awareness. The traditional duty standard idea strengthened the people the value orientation which and sues lightly to the legal dread evades sues.second,social element, The market economy condition is imperfect the assignment income disparity which causes to be disparate and the money function's enlargement easy to create the people psychology the imbalance, sometimes some university students even are willing for the money, but crime. At the same time, also lacks the good government by law environment. Sometimes like, the legislative quality not high, the law enforcement mechanism malfunctions, the Judicial organ to have the corruption and so on. The network also has some negative influences. third, Education administration factor, Mainly displays in the school edition has loses, the classroom instruction effect biased unsatisfactory, aspects and so on extracurricular practice link asthenia. The Fouth one , Home education existence flaw, The home education idea is unscientific causes the family often to take student's academic record, but has neglected the other quality integrated development. Many home education's way is inappropriate, like spoils excessively, excessively severe or indulges, no matter and so on. The fifth one, reasons of colledge student themselves. The main performance is, psychological development existence many kinds of contradictions, thinking method one-sided, value goal aspects and so on utility.
The fourth part, the effective method of training college students on their law consciousness.Through the analysis and comprehension of the legal consciousness which exist in the college students’mind, we could take action as following: First, establish scientific training idea, raise legal awareness. Setting up the idea of self-improvement, pay more attention on the changes from focusing on the books to practice, from teaching law knowledge to improving the ability of using law. At the same time, we should implement the people-oriented,regarding the students as a vivid, complete individual, train their autonomy, initiative and creativity. Secondly, improving teaching process in classroom, improving teaching methods, extend teaching time. Thirdly, create three-dimensional train environment, strengthen college students’law awareness. Creating a nice social law environment is a systematic project for improving the law awareness of college students; it needs the supervision of all the society. For example, strengthen legislation, setting up a complete law system:do according to the law, strictly implemented the law. Creating a campus law environment, keeping manage universities according to the law. Improving the conscious and moral level of parents, improving their responsibility; improving the parents’law consciousness could accelerate the implementation of the law education. Finally, we should build a healthy network. Setting up a special network management agency, so that to make it in order and keep implementing for a long term. Fourthly, we should build a effective practicing process, improving college students’law ability. We should set up a standardize mechanism, a steady activity place and practice base and set up a effective competition incentive mechanism. Fifth, we should college students’initiative. On one hand, the college students should learn law actively and strengthen the moral self-discipline, on the other hand, we need promote the propagandizing of the rule of law, actively make the college students understand law knowledge and learn it.
In a word, strengthen the law consciousness of university students, it not only needs their own effort, but also needs the effort from the universities, families and the society. Unless the law consciousness increased, ideological and political lesson can be really implemented, socialism law building could be moving forward quickly and effectively!
引文
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② 江泽民:《全面建设小康社会,开创中国特色社会事业新局面——在中国共产党第十六次全国代表大会上的报告》,人民出版社 2002 年版。
① [俄]伊·亚·伊林:《法律意识的实质》,徐晓晴译,清华大学出版社 2005 年版,第 5 页。
② 转引自[苏]卡列娃、费其金:《苏维埃国家和法的基础》,法律出版社 1955 年版,第 135 页。
③ 转引自[苏]彼·斯·罗马什金:《国家和法的理论》,法律出版社 1963 年版,第 378 页。
① 转引自[苏]C?C?阿列克谢耶夫:《法的一般理论》(上册),法律出版社 1988 年版,第 206 页。
② 转引自[美]弗里德曼:《法律制度》,中国政法大学出版社 1994 年版,第 226-227 页。
③ 转引自[美]哈罗德·J·伯尔曼:《法律与宗教》,三联书店 1991 年版,第 43 页。
④ 转引自[德]鲁道夫·冯·耶林:《为权利而斗争》,胡宝海译,中国法制出版社 2004 年版,第45 页。
① 孙国华:《法学基础理论》,天津人民出版社 1998 年版,第 204 页。
② 沈宗灵:《法理学》,高等教育出版社 1994 年版,第 234-236 页。
③ 张文显:《法的一般理论》,辽宁大学出版社 1988 年版,第 233 页。
④ 李步云:《法律意识的本原》,载于《中国法学》1992 年 8 月第 2 期。
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