磁电机实时检测系统的研制
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摘要
磁电机是摩托车最主要的电源装置。它的主要用途是为点火系统提供点火能量,使发动机运转作功。判断点火系统品质优劣的主要性能指标有点火提前角、和点火能量等。这些性能指标都可以通过磁电机特性参数来获得。
本课题来源于嘉陵工业股份公司检测站的实际应用，针对摩托车磁电机进行多参数实时检测的一套检测系统。实现对摩托车磁电机特性参数的波形和数据的测量，并对其进行计算和分析。
以前的磁电机性能测试普遍使用人工观察和判断，效率低下，耗时长。在磁电机常规测量时，发现在国家标准中用于测量电压、电流的仪器仍然是普通的电压、电流表，而观测到的波形多为不规则的形状，根据测量原理，显然不能用其来做定量的分析；由于点火系统的放电过程比较复杂，伴随着很强的电磁干扰，点火电流、点火电压都是变量，使得点火能量的测量成为点火系统性能测试的一个难点。本测试系统采用了屏蔽、隔离等抗干扰技术，并运用了许多软件滤波、信号处理的方法以确保测量的准确性、稳定性。
本文主要从测量原理、总体设计、硬件设计、软件设计等方面进行论述。作者对系统的需求进行分析，完成了系统的搭建和硬件的设计、制作，以及测量原理的确定。本文的特色之处在于：
1）在测量原理的问题上，敢于突破现有条规的约束，分析了原有测量方法的问题，提出应该采用有效值原理的方法对不规则波形进行测量。
2）在测量方法上，成功的将匹配检测的原理应用于实际的测量中，提高了测量的准确性，有效的节约了硬件成本。
这套系统已经在嘉陵工业股份公司检测站运行半年多，使用情况良好，可在磁电机生产、使用单位推广应用。为磁电机产品质量的检验和控制提供了先进的检验设备。
This task rooted in the actual application of the detection station of Jialing Industry Stock Company. It is a set of detection system for multi-parameters timely-detection which aims at the motorcycle magneto. This system can take the measurement of the wave and datum for the magneto characteristic parameters, including calculating and analyzing these parameters .
The magneto is the primary device to supply the power for the motorcycle. The main use of it is that it can provide ignition energy for ignition system and make engine run. The primary performance target by which the superior and inferior quality of the ignition system can be judged includes ignition advance angle、unload voltage of secondary coil and ignition energy, etc. All of these can acquire through measuring the characteristic parameter of magneto.
The previous means of magneto performance detection is observations and discretion with manual work. That is inefficient，and costs too long time. When measuring the magneto performance parameter，we find that the instrument which use to measure voltage and current is still the simple voltmeter and amperemeter in the national standard， and the form of wave that we observed is anomaly. Based on the measure principles, it obviously can't be used to do quantitative analysis；Because the discharge process of ignition system is quite complex, accompanies with very strong electromagnetism interference, and the ignition current and voltage are variable，it make the measure of ignition energy become a difficult thing of ignition system performance detection. The system adopt anti-interference technique such as shield, insulation etc, and applies the methods of software filter and digital signals process to insure the accuracy and the stability .
This article states the aspects of the measure principle, general design, hardware design and software design, and so on. After the acquirement analysis of the system, the author has not only completed the setup of the system and hardware design, but also ensured the measure principle. The innovation of this paper includes:
1) On the measure principle, author broke through the stipulation of the current regulation rule, analyzed the problem of original measure method, and suggested that we should take the virtual value principle to measure the irregular wave .
2) On the method of measure, the match inspect principle had been apply in the
actual measure successfully, which improved the accuracy and economized the cost of hardware.
A set of this system has run past half a year in the Jialing Industry Stock Company. Because of the standing circumstance of the usage, it can be spread and applied in the companies for the producing and usage of the magneto. It provides a advanced examination equipments for the examination and control of magneto product quality.
本课题来源于嘉陵工业股份公司检测站的实际应用，针对摩托车磁电机进行多参数实时检测的一套检测系统。实现对摩托车磁电机特性参数的波形和数据的测量，并对其进行计算和分析。
以前的磁电机性能测试普遍使用人工观察和判断，效率低下，耗时长。在磁电机常规测量时，发现在国家标准中用于测量电压、电流的仪器仍然是普通的电压、电流表，而观测到的波形多为不规则的形状，根据测量原理，显然不能用其来做定量的分析；由于点火系统的放电过程比较复杂，伴随着很强的电磁干扰，点火电流、点火电压都是变量，使得点火能量的测量成为点火系统性能测试的一个难点。本测试系统采用了屏蔽、隔离等抗干扰技术，并运用了许多软件滤波、信号处理的方法以确保测量的准确性、稳定性。
本文主要从测量原理、总体设计、硬件设计、软件设计等方面进行论述。作者对系统的需求进行分析，完成了系统的搭建和硬件的设计、制作，以及测量原理的确定。本文的特色之处在于：
1）在测量原理的问题上，敢于突破现有条规的约束，分析了原有测量方法的问题，提出应该采用有效值原理的方法对不规则波形进行测量。
2）在测量方法上，成功的将匹配检测的原理应用于实际的测量中，提高了测量的准确性，有效的节约了硬件成本。
这套系统已经在嘉陵工业股份公司检测站运行半年多，使用情况良好，可在磁电机生产、使用单位推广应用。为磁电机产品质量的检验和控制提供了先进的检验设备。
This task rooted in the actual application of the detection station of Jialing Industry Stock Company. It is a set of detection system for multi-parameters timely-detection which aims at the motorcycle magneto. This system can take the measurement of the wave and datum for the magneto characteristic parameters, including calculating and analyzing these parameters .
The magneto is the primary device to supply the power for the motorcycle. The main use of it is that it can provide ignition energy for ignition system and make engine run. The primary performance target by which the superior and inferior quality of the ignition system can be judged includes ignition advance angle、unload voltage of secondary coil and ignition energy, etc. All of these can acquire through measuring the characteristic parameter of magneto.
The previous means of magneto performance detection is observations and discretion with manual work. That is inefficient，and costs too long time. When measuring the magneto performance parameter，we find that the instrument which use to measure voltage and current is still the simple voltmeter and amperemeter in the national standard， and the form of wave that we observed is anomaly. Based on the measure principles, it obviously can't be used to do quantitative analysis；Because the discharge process of ignition system is quite complex, accompanies with very strong electromagnetism interference, and the ignition current and voltage are variable，it make the measure of ignition energy become a difficult thing of ignition system performance detection. The system adopt anti-interference technique such as shield, insulation etc, and applies the methods of software filter and digital signals process to insure the accuracy and the stability .
This article states the aspects of the measure principle, general design, hardware design and software design, and so on. After the acquirement analysis of the system, the author has not only completed the setup of the system and hardware design, but also ensured the measure principle. The innovation of this paper includes:
1) On the measure principle, author broke through the stipulation of the current regulation rule, analyzed the problem of original measure method, and suggested that we should take the virtual value principle to measure the irregular wave .
2) On the method of measure, the match inspect principle had been apply in the
actual measure successfully, which improved the accuracy and economized the cost of hardware.
A set of this system has run past half a year in the Jialing Industry Stock Company. Because of the standing circumstance of the usage, it can be spread and applied in the companies for the producing and usage of the magneto. It provides a advanced examination equipments for the examination and control of magneto product quality.
引文
[1] 任立环 磁电机点火系统的测试技术[J] 摩托车技术 1993（2）p45-p49
[2] 赵德安 磁电机性能智能测试台的研制 电气传动 1998 （3）p35-p39
[3] 王玉茹 王玉泰 磁电机点火能量测试系统 山东建材学院学报 1999 13卷（第2期）p180-p182
[4] 方林海,单承赣编著 《电子仪器使用与测试技术》安徽 安徽科学技术出版社 1993.8
[5] 李志全 等编著 《智能仪表设计原理及其应用》安徽 国防工业出版社 1998.6
[6] 邓必鑫 编著 《信号分析基础》北京 北京理工大学出版社1994.4
[7] Kwakernaak, Huibert 《Modern signals and systems》 Prentice Hall c1991.
[8] 陈行禄,秦永元编著 《信号分析与处理》 北京 北京航空航天大学出版社 1993.7
[9]张乃国 主编 赵中义撰稿 《新型电子示波器》 浙江 中国计量出版社1990.07
[10] Eugene R. Bartlett. 《 Electronic measurements and testing》 McGraw-Hill c1992
[11] Hewlett-Packard Company《HP 54654A Self-Paced Training Kit forHP 54600-Series Instruments》USA Hewlett-Packard Company May 1996
[12] 任立环 等编著 《中华人民共和国行业标准》北京 电子工业出版社 1994.1 p27-p36
[13] (美)英格尔(Ingle,V.K.),普罗克斯(Proakis,J.G.)著 《数字信号处理及其MATLAB实现》北京 电子工业出版社 1998.9
[14] 赵茂泰编著 《智能仪器原理及应用》北京 电子工业出版社 1999.3
[15] Tran Tien Lang ；revised and edited by J. McGhee 《Computerized instrumentation》 John Wiley & Sons c1991
[16] 赵新民 主编 《智能仪器设计基础》 哈尔滨 哈尔滨工业大学出版社 1999.7
[17]徐科军, 陈荣保, 张崇巍著 《自动检测和仪表中的共性技术》北京 清华大学出版社 2000.12
[18] 张洪润,董宝文主编 《智能系统设计开发技术》 成都 成都科技大学出版社 1997.11
[19] spon. 《Instrumentation and measurement technology and applications》 U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory ca.1991
[20] 王洪业 编著 《传感器工程》安徽 国防科技大学出版社 1997.4
[21] Ernest O. Doebelin. 《Measurement systems》 McGraw-Hill c1990
[22] 雷霖主编 《微机自动检测》成都 电子科大版 1998.3
[23] 郁有文，常健编著 《传感器原理及工程应用》 西安 西安电子科技大学出版社 2000.8
[24] 张琳娜 等编著 《传感检测技术及应用》 浙江 中国计量出版社 1999.12
[25] Ramon Pallas-Areny, John G. Webster 《Sensors and signal conditioning》 Wiley c1991
[26] 张琳娜 等编著 《传感检测技术及应用》 浙江 中国计量出版社 1999.12
[27] Yanhua Company《PC-Labcard User's Manual》Taiwan Yanhua Company April 1994
[28]闵大镒 主编 《信号与线性系统分析》成都 电子科技大学出版社 1993.5
[29] Alfred Mertins 《Signal analysis》 J. Wiley c1999.
[30]Maeda, Wataru, 《Digital signal processing》 Prentice Hall c1993
[31] Thomas Young 《Linear systems and digital signal processing 》Prentice-Hall c1985
[32] DeFatta, David J. 《Digital signal processing 》 Wiley c1988
[33] 曾伟民 等编著 《Visual Basic 6.0高级实用教程》北京 电子工业出版社 1999.10
[34] 汤庸编著 《结构化与面向对象软件方法》北京 科学出版社 1998.9
[2] 赵德安 磁电机性能智能测试台的研制 电气传动 1998 （3）p35-p39
[3] 王玉茹 王玉泰 磁电机点火能量测试系统 山东建材学院学报 1999 13卷（第2期）p180-p182
[4] 方林海,单承赣编著 《电子仪器使用与测试技术》安徽 安徽科学技术出版社 1993.8
[5] 李志全 等编著 《智能仪表设计原理及其应用》安徽 国防工业出版社 1998.6
[6] 邓必鑫 编著 《信号分析基础》北京 北京理工大学出版社1994.4
[7] Kwakernaak, Huibert 《Modern signals and systems》 Prentice Hall c1991.
[8] 陈行禄,秦永元编著 《信号分析与处理》 北京 北京航空航天大学出版社 1993.7
[9]张乃国 主编 赵中义撰稿 《新型电子示波器》 浙江 中国计量出版社1990.07
[10] Eugene R. Bartlett. 《 Electronic measurements and testing》 McGraw-Hill c1992
[11] Hewlett-Packard Company《HP 54654A Self-Paced Training Kit forHP 54600-Series Instruments》USA Hewlett-Packard Company May 1996
[12] 任立环 等编著 《中华人民共和国行业标准》北京 电子工业出版社 1994.1 p27-p36
[13] (美)英格尔(Ingle,V.K.),普罗克斯(Proakis,J.G.)著 《数字信号处理及其MATLAB实现》北京 电子工业出版社 1998.9
[14] 赵茂泰编著 《智能仪器原理及应用》北京 电子工业出版社 1999.3
[15] Tran Tien Lang ；revised and edited by J. McGhee 《Computerized instrumentation》 John Wiley & Sons c1991
[16] 赵新民 主编 《智能仪器设计基础》 哈尔滨 哈尔滨工业大学出版社 1999.7
[17]徐科军, 陈荣保, 张崇巍著 《自动检测和仪表中的共性技术》北京 清华大学出版社 2000.12
[18] 张洪润,董宝文主编 《智能系统设计开发技术》 成都 成都科技大学出版社 1997.11
[19] spon. 《Instrumentation and measurement technology and applications》 U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory ca.1991
[20] 王洪业 编著 《传感器工程》安徽 国防科技大学出版社 1997.4
[21] Ernest O. Doebelin. 《Measurement systems》 McGraw-Hill c1990
[22] 雷霖主编 《微机自动检测》成都 电子科大版 1998.3
[23] 郁有文，常健编著 《传感器原理及工程应用》 西安 西安电子科技大学出版社 2000.8
[24] 张琳娜 等编著 《传感检测技术及应用》 浙江 中国计量出版社 1999.12
[25] Ramon Pallas-Areny, John G. Webster 《Sensors and signal conditioning》 Wiley c1991
[26] 张琳娜 等编著 《传感检测技术及应用》 浙江 中国计量出版社 1999.12
[27] Yanhua Company《PC-Labcard User's Manual》Taiwan Yanhua Company April 1994
[28]闵大镒 主编 《信号与线性系统分析》成都 电子科技大学出版社 1993.5
[29] Alfred Mertins 《Signal analysis》 J. Wiley c1999.
[30]Maeda, Wataru, 《Digital signal processing》 Prentice Hall c1993
[31] Thomas Young 《Linear systems and digital signal processing 》Prentice-Hall c1985
[32] DeFatta, David J. 《Digital signal processing 》 Wiley c1988
[33] 曾伟民 等编著 《Visual Basic 6.0高级实用教程》北京 电子工业出版社 1999.10
[34] 汤庸编著 《结构化与面向对象软件方法》北京 科学出版社 1998.9