基于人工神经网络的热负荷预测及蓄热式电锅炉系统运行优化
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
电蓄能技术是转移高峰电力、开发低谷用电、优化资源配置和保护生态环境的一项重要技术措施。受到分时电价政策的鼓励,蓄热式电锅炉供热技术已逐步得到推广应用。在蓄热式电锅炉供热系统中,直接向热用户供热的是蓄热器,电锅炉则应尽可能在低电价时段启动向蓄热器供热,而在高电价时段停运。
    当前运行的蓄热式电锅炉供热系统中电锅炉的启停控制一般有两种方式:一种是根据分时电价和用户热负荷由人工启停,另一种是根据蓄热器的水位或水温信号由自动控制装置启停。这两种方式都不能充分利用分时电价,实现最优化运行(即运行费用最低)。
    实际上,在已知逐时电价曲线和用户热负荷曲线的情况下,应存在一条最优的供热曲线(或电锅炉启停曲线),这条曲线可利用最优化理论和适当的优化方法来找到。问题是,其中的用户热负荷与诸多因素有关,难以预先确定。
    考虑到影响供热采暖需求负荷的因素复杂且具有随机性和非线形性,在对预测理论进行研究和对各种预测方法进行比较后,本文首次将基于人工神经网络的负荷预测与基于动态规划原理的优化方法相结合,用于蓄热式电锅炉系统的经济运行策略研究。作为尝试,通过“CWL(气候-星期-负荷)”模型预测用户的热负荷需求,并以此为基础,结合当前及着眼未来的分时电价发展趋势,利用优化方法对该系统的经济运行做出决策。
    本文还讨论了神经网络模型中隐含层神经元个数的选取问题及输入输出矢量的归一化处理问题,介绍了根据问题特点建立动态规划的优化模型及采用改进单纯形法求解的思路,并给出了具体的算法原理及实现步骤。
    
    最后,介绍了应用Visual Basic、Access和MATLAB等工具进行编程实现的方法,并展示了研究结果在运行控制和经济分析上的应用。本文的研究成果对于蓄热式电锅炉系统的运行优化和电蓄能技术的推广应用,具有较为实际的参考和工程应用意义。
The electric power storage technology is an important technical measure that can remove peak load and fill valley load, optimize resource allotment and protect ecological environment. As a concrete realization of this technology, the electric boiler system with heat accumulator has been extensively used due to the stimulus of time-of-use electricity price policy. During the heat accumulator supplying to users, the electric boiler usually try to make heat by starting at low price of electric and stopping at high.
    In general, the system of electric boiler with heat accumulator runs according to experience to utilize the time-of-use electricity price or controlled by the signals of water level or temperature. But the two ways are not ideal to realize the economical operation without full use of the policy of time-of-use electricity price.
    Actually, known the distribution of electric price and demand of heat load versus time, an optimizing supply curve can be drawn, that is, the concrete economically running policy can be made. But it is difficult to define the heat load in advance.
    After studying the prediction method and considering the complex, random and nonlinear factors that affect the demand load of heating, the ANN technology is adopted. Different from the general analysis in technology and economy, it is for the first time to combine the prediction in method of artificial neutral network with optimization in use of dynamic planning principle for the running analysis of the electric boiler. This paper tries to establish a CWL (climate-weekday-load) model to predict the heat demand load of users. Based on this and associated with the policy of time-of-use electricity price at present time and its future tendency, a much more economical decision can be made for this system using the optimization method. This paper tries to establish a CWL (climate-weekday-load) model to predict the heat demand load of users. Based on this and associated with the policy of time-sharing charge at present time and its future tendency, a much more economical decision can be made for this system using the
    
    optimization method.
    In addition, the problem of selecting the neuron number of implicit layer in the network model and the problem of normalization of input-output vectors are discussed. During the operation optimization, the model of dynamic planning is established according to the feature of this problem and the advanced simplex method is used for resolution with the concrete algorithm provided.
    Finally, Application program design is realized by hybrid programming with the tools of Visual Basic, Access and MATLAB. It is also showed the result helpful for operating control and economical analysis. The result is helpful for the operation optimization of the system of electric boiler with heat accumulator and the popularization of the electric power storage technology, which will bring the achievement of comprehensive profit.
引文
[1] 洪绍斌,电蓄能技术在我国的应用与发展,电力需求侧管理[J],2001(6):13-15
    [2] 许亚非,电蓄能技术在空调中的应用,大众用电[M],1998(3):32-34
    [3] 赵钦新,电加热供热技术的发展和应用,工业锅炉[J],2001(6):2-9
    [4] 王振铭,对电采暖应进行全面的科学论证,节能与环保[J],2001(2):7-10
    [5] 刘泽仁,解决电网峰谷差及环保问题的有效手段——电蓄能技术,湖南电力[J],2001(5):59-61
    [6] 胡兆光,纪洪,赵磊,需求侧管理在北京地区移峰填谷中的应用,中国电力[J],1998(9):37-40
    [7] 王治华,唐为民等,峰谷分时电价——一种现行有效的DSM措施,电力需求侧管理[J],2000(5):20-21
    [8] 吴晓丽,试论电蓄热式中央热水系统,给水排水[J],2000(9):60-64
    [9] 王汝武,蓄热式电热器是电网调峰和改善环境的有力措施,节能[J],2000(9):25-26
    [10] 杜松怀, 电力系统负荷预测技术, 华东电力,2000(9):50-52
    [11] 罗仲达,关治洪, 人工神经网络在电力系统短期负荷预测中的应用,湖南电力[J],2002(2):10-12
    [12] 李梅,人工神经网络在供水系统优化调度中的应用研究,广东工业大学硕士研究生论文,1999
    [13] 李玉云,王永骥, 人工神经网络在暖通空调领域的应用研究发展,暖通空调HV&AC[J] 2001(1) :38-41
    [14] 刘宪英,张华玲,神经网络法负荷预测与蓄冰空调系统的运行优化[J],重庆建筑大学学报,1999(6);35-38
    [15] 崔钰,周滨,李振江,商办楼冰蓄冷空调设计思路探讨,低温建筑技术[J],2000(3):20-21
    [16] D H Stethmann. Optimal control for cool storage. ASHARE Trans,1989,95(1):1189-1193
    [17]J E Braun. A comparison of chiller-priority,storage-priority and optimal control of an ice-storage system. ASHARE Trans,1992,98(1) :893-963
    [18]P.S.Curtiss. Energy management in central HVAC Plants using neural networks. ASHARE Trans, 1994, 100(1), P476-493
    [19] Peter S Curtiss. Neural networks applied to building a tutorial and case studies in prediction and adaptive control. ASHARE Trans, 1996, 102(1), P1141-1146
    [20] 石富金,电热锅炉的节能运行,暖通空调HV&AC[J],2002(3)P126-127
    
    
    [21] W. Mcculloch and W. Pitts,A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous acrivity, Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, 1943, Vol.5, P115-133.
    [22] D. O. Hebb, The Organization of Behavior. New York:Wiley, 1949.
    [23] F. Rosenblatt, The perception: A probabilistic model for information storage and organization in the brain, Psychological review, Vol. 65,P388-408, 1958.
    [24] B.Widrow, M. E. Hoff, Adaptive switching circuits,1960 IRE WESCON Convention record, New York: IRE Part, P96-104
    [25] Hecht-Nielsen. Application of Counterpropagation Networks. Neural Networks,1988,P131-140
    [26] Hecht-Nielsen R. Theroy of Backpropagation Neural Networks. Proc.IJCNN-89.1989.I-593
    [27] Lippmann R P. An Introduction to Computing with Neural Networks. IEEE ASSP Magazine, April 1987,4-32
    [28] 李汉兴等,人工神经网络及其在石油机械工程中的应用,石油机械[J],1998(11):52-56
    [29] 焦李成,神经网络系统理论,西安,西安电子科技大学出版社,1995
    [30] 李业,预测学[M],广州,华南工学院出版社,1988
    [31] 刘辰辉.电力系统负荷预报理论与方法,哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1987
    [32] 韩民晓,姚蜀军, 短期负荷预测方法的研究及在线应用,电力系统自动化[J],1998(10):34-36
    [33] 袁曾任,人工神经元网络及其应用,清华大学出版社,1999
    [34] 孙光伟,王之晖,韦扬,索胜军。一种广义预测模型的研究,哈尔滨工业大学学报,2002(3):379-381
    [35] 高峰,康重庆,程旭,沈瑜,夏清,彭涛,周安石。短期负荷预测相关因素的自适应训练,电力系统及其自动化[J],2002(18):6-11
    [36] 石磊,李茁,王军,刘咸定,冰蓄冷系统中的预测内容和方法,流体机械[J],2002(8):55-57
    [37] Lippmann R P. An Introduction to Computing with Neural Networks. IEEE ASSP Magazine, April 1987,4-32
    [38] Lippmann R P. Pattern Classification using Neural Networks. IEEE Comm, Magazine, Nov.1989,47-64
    [39] 杨晓梅,张勇,王治华, 配电管理系统中的需求侧管理, 电力需求侧管理[J],2002(1):20-23;
    [40] EI-Keib.A, MaX.Calulating short-run marginal costs of active and reactive power production[J].IEEE Trans. On Power Systems1997,12(2):559-565
    [41] 雷放鸣,电热锅炉的经济分析及应用,大众用电[M],2002(5):23-24;
    [42] 中国人民大学编,经济控制理论及其应用,合肥:安徽教育出版社,1988
    
    
    [43] 杨冰,实用最优化方法及计算机程序,哈尔滨:哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社,1994
    [44] Murtagh, Bruce. A, Advanced linear programming,McGraw-Hill Inc,1981
    [45] 周珂伟,Visual Basic 6.0 数据库开发学习教程,北京:北京大学出版社,2000.4
    [46] 张炜,中文版Visual Basic 6.0 数据库开发应用教程,北京:航空工业出版社,2000.6
    [47] 薛定宇,MATLAB语言及应用.,北京:清华大学出版社
    [48] 陶明璋,Windows环境下应用MATLAB的软件开发技术,微机发展[J],1996(5):32-35
    [49] 文小琴等,VB与MATLAB的动态数据交换及其应用,控制工程[J],2002(5):88-91
    [50] 刘志俭,MATLAB应用程序接口用户指南,北京:科学出版社,2000
    [51] 王颖等,从ActiveX:Visual Basic 6.0调用MATLAB的实现方法,机电工程[J],1999(5):172
    [52] 徐中堂,刘庆丽,城市供热按热量计量收费的办法势在必行,城市发展研究[J],2000(1):75-79
    [53] 曲延滨等,蓄热式电锅炉控制系统设计,节能技术[J],2001(1):16-22
    [54] 任玉珑,陈讯,技术经济学,重庆:重庆大学出版社,1998.7

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700