普洱茶降脂减肥功效及作用机理研究
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摘要
普洱茶具有潜在的降脂减肥作用,是21世纪研究的一个热点。本文首先利用动物实验系统研究普洱茶作为食品添加剂对肥胖大鼠的降脂减肥作用,随后利用不同的有机溶剂将普洱茶分离成不同的组分,研究每一组分的降脂减肥作用效果,找出起主要作用的成分。并在此基础上,系统研究普洱茶主要功能组分对小鼠体内与脂肪代谢相关酶活性及主要产物的变化,并结合普洱茶对3T3-L1脂肪细胞的作用实验共同阐述普洱茶降脂减肥的作用机理。
普洱茶预防肥胖、高血脂症的初步研究结果表明,三种供试的普洱茶对抑制大鼠体重的增加,降低大鼠的血清TG、TC水平,提高HDL-C的水平等均有较好的作用。普洱熟茶对大鼠的血脂指标改善的作用效果要优于同种原料制作的普洱生茶,储藏时间长短与普洱茶的作用效果呈正相关。此外普洱茶对LDL-C和AI值的降低有着明显的作用,剂量效应实验进一步证明了普洱茶对高脂饮食大鼠肥胖症和高脂血症的预防有明显的剂量效应,可以初步得出普洱茶具有预防肥胖症、高脂血症以及抗动脉粥样硬化硬化的潜在作用。
普洱茶降脂减肥作用实验结果表明,普洱茶对营养性肥胖大鼠具有显著的降脂减肥效果,且存在剂量效应；普洱茶对营养性肥胖大鼠的降脂减肥效果显著优于不发酵的绿茶。略优于乌龙茶和茯砖茶；普洱茶对营养性肥胖大鼠的降脂减肥作用接近于通过饮食干预导致的降脂减肥效果。此外,实验结果也表明普洱茶能显著提高大鼠体内血清SOD和GSH-Px等抗氧化酶的活性,降低脂质过氧化产物MDA的累积,改善肥胖大鼠的抗氧化指标,从而降低大鼠患动脉粥样硬化相关疾病的风险。
普洱茶不同组分降脂减肥作用比较实验结果表明,普洱茶总水提取物、乙酸乙酯萃取组分及剩余水层组分均对肥胖ICR小鼠体重、体脂的降低作用明显,对小鼠血脂及肝脏脂质指标也具有显著的改善作用,能有效抑制脂肪细胞胞内脂质的聚集,抑制脂肪细胞的肥大,揭示了普洱茶的良好减肥降脂功效。普洱茶的综合降脂减肥效果要优于商品减肥药左旋肉碱,其中普洱茶乙酸乙酯萃取组分和剩余水层组分的减肥效果优于普洱茶总水提物组分,而正丁醇萃取组分没表现出明显的降脂减肥作用,推论普洱茶中起主要降脂减肥作用的功效成分可能存在与乙酸乙酯萃取组分和剩余水层组分当中。
普洱茶降脂减肥作用机理的研究表明,普洱茶乙酸乙酯萃取组分能呈剂量效应的降低小鼠体内肝脏和脂肪细胞脂肪酸合成酶活性、游离脂肪酸含量和血清瘦素含量,提高肝脏和脂肪组织脂肪酶的活性。细胞实验的结果也表明,普洱茶乙酸乙酯萃取组分能够呈剂量性和时间性地降低3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的活力和增殖速度；同时也能够促进3T3-L1成熟脂肪细胞的脂解,减少成熟脂肪细胞的数目和体积,从而减少细胞内甘油三酯含量,起到降脂减肥的作用。
Pu-erh tea is becoming a research hotspot because it's potential lipid-lowering and anti-obesity functions in21st century. In this doctoral dissertation, firstly, the effect of Pu-erh tea as food additives on lipid-lowering and anti-obesity was investigated in obese rats. Then, Pu-erh tea had been separated into four different components with different organic solvent to seek main functional consitituents on the lipid-lowering and anti-obesity effect. Meanwhile, the enzymes activity relating to fat metabolism, the change of fat metabolism major product also had been researched systematically in animals that treated with Pu-erh tea or its consitituents.The mechanism of lipid-lowering and anti-obesity effect was disscussed combining with the experiment on3T3-L1fat cells metabolism of Pu-erh tea.
The preliminary experiment results of Pu-erh tea preventing obesity and hyperglycemia showed that three experimental Pu-erh teas all have good effect on inhibiting the rat weight gain, reducing serum level of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and improving the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The effect of pu-erh ripe tea was superior to the pu-erh raw tea which produced with the same raw material. The effect of Pu-erh tea was positive correlation with storage time. In addition, Pu-erh tea has obvious effect on reducng the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and atherosclerosis index, the subsequent experiments had demonstrsted that there was an obvious dosage-dependent effect of Pu-erh tea on preventing obesity and hyperlipidemia. From these results, the primary conclusion has come that Pu-erh tea has potential effects of preventing obesity, hyperlipidemia, and antiatherosclerosis.
The lipid-lowering and anti-obesity experimental results of Pu-erh tea showed that the pu-erh has significant effect in nutritional obese rats and the effect showed dosage-dependent manne. The effect was better than green tea and fu-zhuan brick tea, and in close proximity to the diet-control group. In addition, the experiments results also demonstrated that the Pu-erh tea can significantly improve serum antioxidant enzymes activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the obese rat, reduce the accumulation of lipid peroxidation product such as malondialdehyde, improve the antioxidation index of obese rat, so as to lower the risk of disease related to atherosclerosis.
The lipid-lowering and anti-obesity experimental results of Pu-erh tea different fractions demonstrated that the total water extracts, ethyl acetate extracts and the residue fraction, not including the n-butanol extracts, of Pu-erh tea had displayed obvious effects on reducing the body weight and body fat of obese ICR mice, the same effect was observed in blood and liver lipid indexes of ICR mice, meanwhile, these extracts can suppress effectively the accumulation of fat in adipocyte, revealing the good lipid-lowering and anti-obesity efficacy of Pu-erh tea. Furthermore, the lipid-lowering and anti-obesity effect of Pu-erh tea was superior to the L-carnitine, and the effect of ethyl acetate extracts surplus the residue fraction were better than the total water extracts of Pu-erh tea, but the effect of n-butanol extracts was unconspicuous. So the main functional components on lipid-lowering and anti-obesity effect in Pu-erh tea maybe exist in ethyl acetate extracts and/or the residue fraction.
The studies on the lipid-lowering and anti-obesity mechanism of Pu-erh tea indicated that the enzyme activity of fatty acid synthase, the contents of free fatty acid and serum leptin were decreased, and the lipase activity was increased in liver and adipocyte with a dose-dependent manner when obese ICR mice were treated with ethyl acetate extracts. The results of experimental cell research also showed that the Pu-erh tea ethyl acetate extracts had exerted the dose-dependent manner and timeliness on reducing the vitality and proliferation speed of3T3-L1preadipocyte; promoting the lipolysis of3T3-L1mature fat cells and reducing the number and size of mature fat cells, so as to reduce triglyceride contents in3T3-L1adipocyte.
普洱茶预防肥胖、高血脂症的初步研究结果表明,三种供试的普洱茶对抑制大鼠体重的增加,降低大鼠的血清TG、TC水平,提高HDL-C的水平等均有较好的作用。普洱熟茶对大鼠的血脂指标改善的作用效果要优于同种原料制作的普洱生茶,储藏时间长短与普洱茶的作用效果呈正相关。此外普洱茶对LDL-C和AI值的降低有着明显的作用,剂量效应实验进一步证明了普洱茶对高脂饮食大鼠肥胖症和高脂血症的预防有明显的剂量效应,可以初步得出普洱茶具有预防肥胖症、高脂血症以及抗动脉粥样硬化硬化的潜在作用。
普洱茶降脂减肥作用实验结果表明,普洱茶对营养性肥胖大鼠具有显著的降脂减肥效果,且存在剂量效应；普洱茶对营养性肥胖大鼠的降脂减肥效果显著优于不发酵的绿茶。略优于乌龙茶和茯砖茶；普洱茶对营养性肥胖大鼠的降脂减肥作用接近于通过饮食干预导致的降脂减肥效果。此外,实验结果也表明普洱茶能显著提高大鼠体内血清SOD和GSH-Px等抗氧化酶的活性,降低脂质过氧化产物MDA的累积,改善肥胖大鼠的抗氧化指标,从而降低大鼠患动脉粥样硬化相关疾病的风险。
普洱茶不同组分降脂减肥作用比较实验结果表明,普洱茶总水提取物、乙酸乙酯萃取组分及剩余水层组分均对肥胖ICR小鼠体重、体脂的降低作用明显,对小鼠血脂及肝脏脂质指标也具有显著的改善作用,能有效抑制脂肪细胞胞内脂质的聚集,抑制脂肪细胞的肥大,揭示了普洱茶的良好减肥降脂功效。普洱茶的综合降脂减肥效果要优于商品减肥药左旋肉碱,其中普洱茶乙酸乙酯萃取组分和剩余水层组分的减肥效果优于普洱茶总水提物组分,而正丁醇萃取组分没表现出明显的降脂减肥作用,推论普洱茶中起主要降脂减肥作用的功效成分可能存在与乙酸乙酯萃取组分和剩余水层组分当中。
普洱茶降脂减肥作用机理的研究表明,普洱茶乙酸乙酯萃取组分能呈剂量效应的降低小鼠体内肝脏和脂肪细胞脂肪酸合成酶活性、游离脂肪酸含量和血清瘦素含量,提高肝脏和脂肪组织脂肪酶的活性。细胞实验的结果也表明,普洱茶乙酸乙酯萃取组分能够呈剂量性和时间性地降低3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的活力和增殖速度；同时也能够促进3T3-L1成熟脂肪细胞的脂解,减少成熟脂肪细胞的数目和体积,从而减少细胞内甘油三酯含量,起到降脂减肥的作用。
Pu-erh tea is becoming a research hotspot because it's potential lipid-lowering and anti-obesity functions in21st century. In this doctoral dissertation, firstly, the effect of Pu-erh tea as food additives on lipid-lowering and anti-obesity was investigated in obese rats. Then, Pu-erh tea had been separated into four different components with different organic solvent to seek main functional consitituents on the lipid-lowering and anti-obesity effect. Meanwhile, the enzymes activity relating to fat metabolism, the change of fat metabolism major product also had been researched systematically in animals that treated with Pu-erh tea or its consitituents.The mechanism of lipid-lowering and anti-obesity effect was disscussed combining with the experiment on3T3-L1fat cells metabolism of Pu-erh tea.
The preliminary experiment results of Pu-erh tea preventing obesity and hyperglycemia showed that three experimental Pu-erh teas all have good effect on inhibiting the rat weight gain, reducing serum level of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and improving the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The effect of pu-erh ripe tea was superior to the pu-erh raw tea which produced with the same raw material. The effect of Pu-erh tea was positive correlation with storage time. In addition, Pu-erh tea has obvious effect on reducng the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and atherosclerosis index, the subsequent experiments had demonstrsted that there was an obvious dosage-dependent effect of Pu-erh tea on preventing obesity and hyperlipidemia. From these results, the primary conclusion has come that Pu-erh tea has potential effects of preventing obesity, hyperlipidemia, and antiatherosclerosis.
The lipid-lowering and anti-obesity experimental results of Pu-erh tea showed that the pu-erh has significant effect in nutritional obese rats and the effect showed dosage-dependent manne. The effect was better than green tea and fu-zhuan brick tea, and in close proximity to the diet-control group. In addition, the experiments results also demonstrated that the Pu-erh tea can significantly improve serum antioxidant enzymes activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the obese rat, reduce the accumulation of lipid peroxidation product such as malondialdehyde, improve the antioxidation index of obese rat, so as to lower the risk of disease related to atherosclerosis.
The lipid-lowering and anti-obesity experimental results of Pu-erh tea different fractions demonstrated that the total water extracts, ethyl acetate extracts and the residue fraction, not including the n-butanol extracts, of Pu-erh tea had displayed obvious effects on reducing the body weight and body fat of obese ICR mice, the same effect was observed in blood and liver lipid indexes of ICR mice, meanwhile, these extracts can suppress effectively the accumulation of fat in adipocyte, revealing the good lipid-lowering and anti-obesity efficacy of Pu-erh tea. Furthermore, the lipid-lowering and anti-obesity effect of Pu-erh tea was superior to the L-carnitine, and the effect of ethyl acetate extracts surplus the residue fraction were better than the total water extracts of Pu-erh tea, but the effect of n-butanol extracts was unconspicuous. So the main functional components on lipid-lowering and anti-obesity effect in Pu-erh tea maybe exist in ethyl acetate extracts and/or the residue fraction.
The studies on the lipid-lowering and anti-obesity mechanism of Pu-erh tea indicated that the enzyme activity of fatty acid synthase, the contents of free fatty acid and serum leptin were decreased, and the lipase activity was increased in liver and adipocyte with a dose-dependent manner when obese ICR mice were treated with ethyl acetate extracts. The results of experimental cell research also showed that the Pu-erh tea ethyl acetate extracts had exerted the dose-dependent manner and timeliness on reducing the vitality and proliferation speed of3T3-L1preadipocyte; promoting the lipolysis of3T3-L1mature fat cells and reducing the number and size of mature fat cells, so as to reduce triglyceride contents in3T3-L1adipocyte.
引文
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