高磷鲕状赤铁矿分选性能及方法研究
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摘要
鄂西鲕状赤铁矿有30-40亿吨的储量,其开发利用一直是一个世界性的难题。
本文首先对鄂西鲕状赤铁矿石的工艺矿物学进行了研究,矿石中主要矿物为赤铁矿、鲕绿泥石、石英,其次是褐铁矿、云母类矿物、粘土矿物和胶磷矿。矿石结构主要有鲕状、网脉状、蜂窝状,以鲕状为主。根据核心的矿物成份不同,可分为以石英为核心、以鲕绿泥石为核心、以胶磷矿为核心、以褐铁矿为核心、以鲕绿泥石与胶磷矿集合体为鲕核等的同心环带结构。赤铁矿与鲕绿泥石、石英、粘土等脉石矿物互层以环带产出,多数环带层很薄,且环界线不平整,从而造成赤铁矿与脉石矿物解离十分困难。而铁以鲕状环带结构存在的占75%,非鲕状结构存在的占25%。
论文进行了重液分离、跳汰、溜槽及摇床等重力分选研究,对含铁43%的原矿石,经重力分选所得铁精矿含铁一般均不超过51%,部分含铁大于54%的重产品其回收率很低,小于36%；强磁选方面进行了原矿石磨细到-0.045mm占95%时,经强磁粗选和精选,铁精矿含铁能提高到54.20%,铁回收率已降至36.31%。上述铁精矿中含磷都比较高,一般都在0.6%-0.8%。为了降低磷含量,采用反浮选脱磷-强磁选脱硅工艺处理原矿石,获得的铁精矿含铁54.05%,含磷可降低到0.20%,这时铁精矿的回收率只有18.83%；总之,对鄂西鲕状高磷赤铁矿石采用重力选矿、强磁选、浮选等工艺均难以得到合格铁精矿,含铁一般都在55%以下,并且铁的回收率也比较低。
研究了马弗炉磁化焙烧,使赤铁矿转变为磁铁矿。焙烧矿石磨矿细度为-0.045mm占85%,经弱磁选可得到铁精矿产率63.77%,含铁58.88%,含磷0.712%,铁回收率85.77%,铁精矿中含磷较高。对该铁精矿再进行反浮选脱磷得到铁精矿产率46.86%,含铁60.25%,含磷0.31%,铁回收率71.63%。通过试验考察了原矿石在焙烧前或焙烧后浮选脱磷对最终铁精矿中含磷的影响,试验表明原矿石焙烧前脱磷比焙烧后从铁精矿中脱磷效果稍好一些。焙烧磁选指标良好,说明鄂西鲕状赤铁矿用磁化焙烧可以有效地分选回收矿石中的铁矿物,但是磁化焙烧的工业装备,还需要研究。
通过闪速磁化焙烧技术的研究与开发,已初步研究成功处理闪速磁化焙烧的扩大试验装置,把原矿石粉磨至-0.1mm,矿石经旋风筒三段预热后进入还原反应器,在反应器内使赤铁矿几乎完全转变为磁铁矿,焙烧矿石弱磁选,得到铁精矿产率60.17%,铁品位58.32%,铁回收率81.15%的工艺指标。铁矿物分选技术指标优异,说明闪速磁化焙烧装置和技术焙烧效果好,磁铁矿转化率高。
论文最后进行了机理研究,初步说明了该鲕状赤铁矿难磁化焙烧的原因和解决途径。
There are 3-4 billion tons of oolitic hematite ore reserves in western Hubei Province. Exploitation of these resources is a world class problem.
The process mineralogy of oolitic hematite ores in western Hubei has been studied first in this dissertation. It is found that the major minerals in the ores are hematite, oolitic chlorite, and quartz, followed by limonite, mica, clay minerals and collophanite. The ore structures are mainly oolitic, stockwork, honeycomb, dominated by oolitic form. According to the core minerals, they can be divided into concentric ring structures with quartz as the core, oolitic chlorite as the core, collophanite as the core, limonite as the core, and oolitic chlorite-collophanite aggregates as the nucleus. Hematite interbeds with oolitic chlorite, quartz, clay and other gangue minerals as concentric rings. Most of the ring bands are very thin, and the ring boundaries are not smooth. These result in difficult dissociation of hematite from gangue minerals. Iron minerals existing in oolitic structure account for 75%, and the others existing in non-oolitic structure account for 25%.
Gravity separation processes, including heavy liquid separation, jigging, chute separation, and tabling, have been investigated. For raw ore with iron content of 43%, the grades of iron concentrates obtained by gravity separation were usually lower than 51%. Some heavy products with iron grades above 54% had iron recoveries less than 36%. For high intensity magnetic separation, as the ore was crushed and ground to 95% of-0.045mm, the grade of iron concentrate could be increased to 54.20% Fe through roughing and cleaning, while iron recovery dropped to 36.31%. These iron concentrates had high phosphorus contents, generally 0.6% to 0.8%. In order to reduce phosphorus content, reverse flotation to remove phosphorus and high intensity magnetic separation to remove silicates were employed successively. Iron concentrate obtained had an iron content of 54.05% , and phosphorus content could be reduced to 0.20%. The iron recovery of iron concentrate was only 18.83%. In a word, for oolitic hematite ores with high phosphorus contents in western Hubei, qualified iron concentrates are hard to obtain using gravity separation, high intensity magnetic separation, and flotation processes. Generally, the grades of iron concentrates are below 55% Fe, and iron recoveries are also low.
Magnetizing roasting using muffle furnace to convert hematite to magnetite has been investigated. For roasted ore with a grinding fineness of 85% below 0.045mm, iron concentrate with a production rate of 63.77%, iron content of 58.88%, phosphorus content of 0.712%, and iron recovery of 85.77% could be obtained by low intensity magnetic separation. As phosphorus content in this iron concentrate was high, iron concentrate with a production rate of 46.86%, iron content of 60.25%, phosphorus content of 0.31% , and iron recovery of 71.63% was obtained through dephosphorizing by reverse flotation. Comparative experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dephosphorizing before roasting and dephosphorizing after roasting on the phosphorus contents of final iron concentrates. The results show that dephosphorizing before roasting was slightly better. Beneficiation indexes for magnetizing roasting-magnetic separation process were favorable, which indicates that iron minerals can be effectively recovered from oolitic hematite ores in western Hubei through magnetizing roasting-magnetic separation. However, effective industrial equipments for magnetizing roasting still need to be developed.
Through the study and development of flash magnetizing roasting technology, expanded testing device has been built preliminarily. The raw ore was milled to-0.1mm. Then the ore powder was delivered into the reduction reactor after three stages of preheating in the cyclones. Hematite was almost completely transformed to magnetite in the reactor. Roasted ore was processed with low intensity magnetic separation, and iron concentrate with a production rate of 60.17%, iron grade of 58.32%, and iron recovery of 81.15% was obtained. The technical indexes of iron mineral concentration are excellent, which demonstrates that the roasting effect of flash magnetizing roasting equipment and technology is good, and conversion rate of hematite to magnetite is high.
Finally, mechanism study has been conducted. The causes for oolitic hematite ores hard to be magnetized through roasting and solving approaches have been explained preliminarily.
本文首先对鄂西鲕状赤铁矿石的工艺矿物学进行了研究,矿石中主要矿物为赤铁矿、鲕绿泥石、石英,其次是褐铁矿、云母类矿物、粘土矿物和胶磷矿。矿石结构主要有鲕状、网脉状、蜂窝状,以鲕状为主。根据核心的矿物成份不同,可分为以石英为核心、以鲕绿泥石为核心、以胶磷矿为核心、以褐铁矿为核心、以鲕绿泥石与胶磷矿集合体为鲕核等的同心环带结构。赤铁矿与鲕绿泥石、石英、粘土等脉石矿物互层以环带产出,多数环带层很薄,且环界线不平整,从而造成赤铁矿与脉石矿物解离十分困难。而铁以鲕状环带结构存在的占75%,非鲕状结构存在的占25%。
论文进行了重液分离、跳汰、溜槽及摇床等重力分选研究,对含铁43%的原矿石,经重力分选所得铁精矿含铁一般均不超过51%,部分含铁大于54%的重产品其回收率很低,小于36%；强磁选方面进行了原矿石磨细到-0.045mm占95%时,经强磁粗选和精选,铁精矿含铁能提高到54.20%,铁回收率已降至36.31%。上述铁精矿中含磷都比较高,一般都在0.6%-0.8%。为了降低磷含量,采用反浮选脱磷-强磁选脱硅工艺处理原矿石,获得的铁精矿含铁54.05%,含磷可降低到0.20%,这时铁精矿的回收率只有18.83%；总之,对鄂西鲕状高磷赤铁矿石采用重力选矿、强磁选、浮选等工艺均难以得到合格铁精矿,含铁一般都在55%以下,并且铁的回收率也比较低。
研究了马弗炉磁化焙烧,使赤铁矿转变为磁铁矿。焙烧矿石磨矿细度为-0.045mm占85%,经弱磁选可得到铁精矿产率63.77%,含铁58.88%,含磷0.712%,铁回收率85.77%,铁精矿中含磷较高。对该铁精矿再进行反浮选脱磷得到铁精矿产率46.86%,含铁60.25%,含磷0.31%,铁回收率71.63%。通过试验考察了原矿石在焙烧前或焙烧后浮选脱磷对最终铁精矿中含磷的影响,试验表明原矿石焙烧前脱磷比焙烧后从铁精矿中脱磷效果稍好一些。焙烧磁选指标良好,说明鄂西鲕状赤铁矿用磁化焙烧可以有效地分选回收矿石中的铁矿物,但是磁化焙烧的工业装备,还需要研究。
通过闪速磁化焙烧技术的研究与开发,已初步研究成功处理闪速磁化焙烧的扩大试验装置,把原矿石粉磨至-0.1mm,矿石经旋风筒三段预热后进入还原反应器,在反应器内使赤铁矿几乎完全转变为磁铁矿,焙烧矿石弱磁选,得到铁精矿产率60.17%,铁品位58.32%,铁回收率81.15%的工艺指标。铁矿物分选技术指标优异,说明闪速磁化焙烧装置和技术焙烧效果好,磁铁矿转化率高。
论文最后进行了机理研究,初步说明了该鲕状赤铁矿难磁化焙烧的原因和解决途径。
There are 3-4 billion tons of oolitic hematite ore reserves in western Hubei Province. Exploitation of these resources is a world class problem.
The process mineralogy of oolitic hematite ores in western Hubei has been studied first in this dissertation. It is found that the major minerals in the ores are hematite, oolitic chlorite, and quartz, followed by limonite, mica, clay minerals and collophanite. The ore structures are mainly oolitic, stockwork, honeycomb, dominated by oolitic form. According to the core minerals, they can be divided into concentric ring structures with quartz as the core, oolitic chlorite as the core, collophanite as the core, limonite as the core, and oolitic chlorite-collophanite aggregates as the nucleus. Hematite interbeds with oolitic chlorite, quartz, clay and other gangue minerals as concentric rings. Most of the ring bands are very thin, and the ring boundaries are not smooth. These result in difficult dissociation of hematite from gangue minerals. Iron minerals existing in oolitic structure account for 75%, and the others existing in non-oolitic structure account for 25%.
Gravity separation processes, including heavy liquid separation, jigging, chute separation, and tabling, have been investigated. For raw ore with iron content of 43%, the grades of iron concentrates obtained by gravity separation were usually lower than 51%. Some heavy products with iron grades above 54% had iron recoveries less than 36%. For high intensity magnetic separation, as the ore was crushed and ground to 95% of-0.045mm, the grade of iron concentrate could be increased to 54.20% Fe through roughing and cleaning, while iron recovery dropped to 36.31%. These iron concentrates had high phosphorus contents, generally 0.6% to 0.8%. In order to reduce phosphorus content, reverse flotation to remove phosphorus and high intensity magnetic separation to remove silicates were employed successively. Iron concentrate obtained had an iron content of 54.05% , and phosphorus content could be reduced to 0.20%. The iron recovery of iron concentrate was only 18.83%. In a word, for oolitic hematite ores with high phosphorus contents in western Hubei, qualified iron concentrates are hard to obtain using gravity separation, high intensity magnetic separation, and flotation processes. Generally, the grades of iron concentrates are below 55% Fe, and iron recoveries are also low.
Magnetizing roasting using muffle furnace to convert hematite to magnetite has been investigated. For roasted ore with a grinding fineness of 85% below 0.045mm, iron concentrate with a production rate of 63.77%, iron content of 58.88%, phosphorus content of 0.712%, and iron recovery of 85.77% could be obtained by low intensity magnetic separation. As phosphorus content in this iron concentrate was high, iron concentrate with a production rate of 46.86%, iron content of 60.25%, phosphorus content of 0.31% , and iron recovery of 71.63% was obtained through dephosphorizing by reverse flotation. Comparative experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dephosphorizing before roasting and dephosphorizing after roasting on the phosphorus contents of final iron concentrates. The results show that dephosphorizing before roasting was slightly better. Beneficiation indexes for magnetizing roasting-magnetic separation process were favorable, which indicates that iron minerals can be effectively recovered from oolitic hematite ores in western Hubei through magnetizing roasting-magnetic separation. However, effective industrial equipments for magnetizing roasting still need to be developed.
Through the study and development of flash magnetizing roasting technology, expanded testing device has been built preliminarily. The raw ore was milled to-0.1mm. Then the ore powder was delivered into the reduction reactor after three stages of preheating in the cyclones. Hematite was almost completely transformed to magnetite in the reactor. Roasted ore was processed with low intensity magnetic separation, and iron concentrate with a production rate of 60.17%, iron grade of 58.32%, and iron recovery of 81.15% was obtained. The technical indexes of iron mineral concentration are excellent, which demonstrates that the roasting effect of flash magnetizing roasting equipment and technology is good, and conversion rate of hematite to magnetite is high.
Finally, mechanism study has been conducted. The causes for oolitic hematite ores hard to be magnetized through roasting and solving approaches have been explained preliminarily.
引文
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