基于微波与磁铁耦合效应的融雪除冰路面技术研究
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摘要
为快速、有效的清除道路积雪和冰层,保证道路畅通和行车安全,国内外都在积极探索和研究道路融雪除冰的新技术。道路微波除冰具有环保、快捷和融雪除冰彻底等优点,目前面临的关键技术问题是传统道路铺筑材料对微波的吸收发热效率低,导致融雪除冰速度慢,无法实现连续快速除冰。本文利用具有极强微波吸收发热能力的磁铁矿集料代替传统集料,铺筑一种新型的具有快速融雪除冰功能的沥青路面结构层。系统、深入的研究了磁铁矿沥青混凝土路面材料组成和结构组合设计、微波与磁铁耦合发热机理、磁铁矿沥青混凝土的微波除冰效率以及除冰工艺。
通过室内试验研究了磁铁矿集料的技术性质以及磁铁矿沥青混合料的路用性能,根据磁铁矿石的特点和微波除冰作业的要求,在磁铁矿沥青混合料的组成设计中提出了磁铁矿集料的技术标准、矿料级配设计方法以及混合料抗收缩裂缝能力的检验指标和方法。基于磁铁矿沥青混凝土层的特性,提出了适用于新建路面、桥面铺装和改建路面的磁铁矿沥青路面结构组合形式、结构层的推荐厚度以及结构组合设计的步骤。
通过磁铁矿沥青混凝土介电常数和复导磁率的测定、磁铁矿集料的微波发热试验,结合理论分析揭示了微波与磁铁耦合发热效应的机理。根据微波反透射原理和热传导方程,建立了磁铁矿沥青路面微波除冰模型,实现了微波除冰的仿真模拟,分析了冰层与磁铁矿沥青路面结合部冰层温度的变化规律,确定了微波除冰的合理加热时间。
利用理论分析、微波除冰试验和仿真模拟研究了磁铁矿集料品位和用量、环境温度、冰层厚度和微波场因素对微波除冰效率的影响规律。建立了磁铁矿沥青混凝土的微波吸收系数、微波除冰效率与磁铁矿集料品位、用量之间的试验统计换算关系,提出了根据磁铁矿石密度和集料用量计算微波吸收系数以及通过目标微波除冰效率反算磁铁矿石品位和集料用量的方法；计算得出了不同微波频率和环境温度条件下,能够满足工程快速除冰要求的最低磁铁矿石品位。
To clear the ice on the road rapidly and effectively, Engineers at home and abroad are getting into the swing of their work on the new techniques for snow-melting and deicing. Microwave deicing is considered as a new type of environmental friendly deicing method which can deice rapidly and drastically. The traditional material has the low absorbed efficiencies for microwave that the microwave deicing speed is very slowly.
The paper presents paving asphalt concrete with magnetite aggregates which have a high absorbing efficiency for microwave instead of traditional aggregates. In this thesis, the author systemically study on mechanism of microwave and magnet coupling effect, mix design and structure design of magnetite asphalt concrete pavement, microwave deicing efficiency and deicing technology.
By the laboratory tests of magnetite aggregate and asphalt mixture, the technical standards of magnetite aggregate, design method of the aggregate graduation and the ability of shrinkage crack resistance test of magnetite asphalt mixture were putting forward. According to the characteristics of magnetite asphalt concrete layer, structure forms, structure layer thickness and structure design procedures of the magnetite asphalt pavement suitable for newly-built road, bridge deck pavement and reconstruction road respectively are put forward.
According to the test results of magnetite asphalt concrete's dielectric constant and complex magnetic permeability and magnetite aggregate's microwave heating, the mechanism of microwave and magnet coupling effect was revealed by theoretical analysis. The magnetite asphalt pavement's microwave deicing model was set up and the computer simulation of microwave deicing was achieved. The reasonable time of microwave heating was confirmed by analyzing the regularity for change of ice layer junction's tempreture.
By theoretical analysis, microwave deicing tests and computer simulation results, the influence law was studied, which was magnetite aggregate's grade and amount, environmental temperature, ice layer's thickness and the factors of microwave field to microwave deicing efficiency. The conversion relationships of wicrowave absorption coefficient, deicing efficiency and magnetite aggregate's grade and amount were founded; the minimum grades of magnet ore were presented to achieve rapid deicing under different conditions of wacrowave frequency and environmental temperature.
通过室内试验研究了磁铁矿集料的技术性质以及磁铁矿沥青混合料的路用性能,根据磁铁矿石的特点和微波除冰作业的要求,在磁铁矿沥青混合料的组成设计中提出了磁铁矿集料的技术标准、矿料级配设计方法以及混合料抗收缩裂缝能力的检验指标和方法。基于磁铁矿沥青混凝土层的特性,提出了适用于新建路面、桥面铺装和改建路面的磁铁矿沥青路面结构组合形式、结构层的推荐厚度以及结构组合设计的步骤。
通过磁铁矿沥青混凝土介电常数和复导磁率的测定、磁铁矿集料的微波发热试验,结合理论分析揭示了微波与磁铁耦合发热效应的机理。根据微波反透射原理和热传导方程,建立了磁铁矿沥青路面微波除冰模型,实现了微波除冰的仿真模拟,分析了冰层与磁铁矿沥青路面结合部冰层温度的变化规律,确定了微波除冰的合理加热时间。
利用理论分析、微波除冰试验和仿真模拟研究了磁铁矿集料品位和用量、环境温度、冰层厚度和微波场因素对微波除冰效率的影响规律。建立了磁铁矿沥青混凝土的微波吸收系数、微波除冰效率与磁铁矿集料品位、用量之间的试验统计换算关系,提出了根据磁铁矿石密度和集料用量计算微波吸收系数以及通过目标微波除冰效率反算磁铁矿石品位和集料用量的方法；计算得出了不同微波频率和环境温度条件下,能够满足工程快速除冰要求的最低磁铁矿石品位。
To clear the ice on the road rapidly and effectively, Engineers at home and abroad are getting into the swing of their work on the new techniques for snow-melting and deicing. Microwave deicing is considered as a new type of environmental friendly deicing method which can deice rapidly and drastically. The traditional material has the low absorbed efficiencies for microwave that the microwave deicing speed is very slowly.
The paper presents paving asphalt concrete with magnetite aggregates which have a high absorbing efficiency for microwave instead of traditional aggregates. In this thesis, the author systemically study on mechanism of microwave and magnet coupling effect, mix design and structure design of magnetite asphalt concrete pavement, microwave deicing efficiency and deicing technology.
By the laboratory tests of magnetite aggregate and asphalt mixture, the technical standards of magnetite aggregate, design method of the aggregate graduation and the ability of shrinkage crack resistance test of magnetite asphalt mixture were putting forward. According to the characteristics of magnetite asphalt concrete layer, structure forms, structure layer thickness and structure design procedures of the magnetite asphalt pavement suitable for newly-built road, bridge deck pavement and reconstruction road respectively are put forward.
According to the test results of magnetite asphalt concrete's dielectric constant and complex magnetic permeability and magnetite aggregate's microwave heating, the mechanism of microwave and magnet coupling effect was revealed by theoretical analysis. The magnetite asphalt pavement's microwave deicing model was set up and the computer simulation of microwave deicing was achieved. The reasonable time of microwave heating was confirmed by analyzing the regularity for change of ice layer junction's tempreture.
By theoretical analysis, microwave deicing tests and computer simulation results, the influence law was studied, which was magnetite aggregate's grade and amount, environmental temperature, ice layer's thickness and the factors of microwave field to microwave deicing efficiency. The conversion relationships of wicrowave absorption coefficient, deicing efficiency and magnetite aggregate's grade and amount were founded; the minimum grades of magnet ore were presented to achieve rapid deicing under different conditions of wacrowave frequency and environmental temperature.
引文
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