太阳能平板降膜溶液再生过程的实验研究
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摘要
太阳能溶液除湿空调系统无污染、耗电少且可利用低品位热源实现再生，因此具有广阔的发展前景。
再生器性能系数不高是太阳能溶液除湿空调系统亟待解决的问题之一。集热型再生器将太阳能集热器和再生器的功能合二为一，结构简单，同时它利用太阳能直接加热稀溶液，使再生可以在较低的温度下进行，提高了太阳能利用效率。
本文对太阳能平板降膜再生过程的传热传质特性进行了分析，并采用不同除湿溶液进行了实验研究。针对不同的实验工质：氯化钙溶液、氯化锂溶液、质量比1∶1的氯化钙和氯化锂混合溶液，研究了空气入口温度、含湿量、空气流量、溶液流量、溶液进口温度、进口浓度对再生量和再生器效率的影响。
实验结果表明：较低的溶液进口浓度和空气入口含湿量以及较高的溶液进口温度能够增加再生量和再生器效率；而空气入口温度升高时，再生量和再生器效率仅略有增加。
在相同的溶液和空气入口参数下，CaCl_2溶液的再生性能最优，1∶1混合溶液次之，LiCl溶液的再生性能最差。综合除湿和再生性能考虑，1∶1混合溶液是一种性价比较高的除湿溶液。
The solar liquid desiccant air conditioning system without pollution to the environment can save electricity power and utilize the low-grade heat. Hence there is wide prospect of application for it.
The low regeneration performance of the solar liquid desiccant air conditioning system is one of the urgent problems. The collecter/regenerator has the function of both solar collector and regenerator and so is simple in structure. The solution in it can be concentrated utilizing solar energy at lower temperature. So the solar energy utilization efficiency of the collecter/regenerator is high
The theoretic analysis of the heat and mass transfer in collector/regenerator was carried out. The experimental study on regeneration process was also done with different solutions. The influence of the inlet solution concentration, temperature and solution flow rate, inlet air flow rate, temperature and air humidity was studied with different desiccants solution(calcium chloride, lithium chloride and mixture solution).
The results show: the lower the inlet solution concentration and air humidity is, the higher the evaporation rate and the collector efficiency is. The evaporation rate and the collector efficiency will be higher when the inlet solution temperature rise. But the influence of inlet air temperature on it is not obvious.
The regeneration performance of calcium chloride is optimal, but the performance of lithium chloride is bad at the same condition. The mix solution is one kind of high performance-cost ratio solution Based on dehumidification and regeneration
再生器性能系数不高是太阳能溶液除湿空调系统亟待解决的问题之一。集热型再生器将太阳能集热器和再生器的功能合二为一，结构简单，同时它利用太阳能直接加热稀溶液，使再生可以在较低的温度下进行，提高了太阳能利用效率。
本文对太阳能平板降膜再生过程的传热传质特性进行了分析，并采用不同除湿溶液进行了实验研究。针对不同的实验工质：氯化钙溶液、氯化锂溶液、质量比1∶1的氯化钙和氯化锂混合溶液，研究了空气入口温度、含湿量、空气流量、溶液流量、溶液进口温度、进口浓度对再生量和再生器效率的影响。
实验结果表明：较低的溶液进口浓度和空气入口含湿量以及较高的溶液进口温度能够增加再生量和再生器效率；而空气入口温度升高时，再生量和再生器效率仅略有增加。
在相同的溶液和空气入口参数下，CaCl_2溶液的再生性能最优，1∶1混合溶液次之，LiCl溶液的再生性能最差。综合除湿和再生性能考虑，1∶1混合溶液是一种性价比较高的除湿溶液。
The solar liquid desiccant air conditioning system without pollution to the environment can save electricity power and utilize the low-grade heat. Hence there is wide prospect of application for it.
The low regeneration performance of the solar liquid desiccant air conditioning system is one of the urgent problems. The collecter/regenerator has the function of both solar collector and regenerator and so is simple in structure. The solution in it can be concentrated utilizing solar energy at lower temperature. So the solar energy utilization efficiency of the collecter/regenerator is high
The theoretic analysis of the heat and mass transfer in collector/regenerator was carried out. The experimental study on regeneration process was also done with different solutions. The influence of the inlet solution concentration, temperature and solution flow rate, inlet air flow rate, temperature and air humidity was studied with different desiccants solution(calcium chloride, lithium chloride and mixture solution).
The results show: the lower the inlet solution concentration and air humidity is, the higher the evaporation rate and the collector efficiency is. The evaporation rate and the collector efficiency will be higher when the inlet solution temperature rise. But the influence of inlet air temperature on it is not obvious.
The regeneration performance of calcium chloride is optimal, but the performance of lithium chloride is bad at the same condition. The mix solution is one kind of high performance-cost ratio solution Based on dehumidification and regeneration
引文
【1】 何雨欣．建筑能耗居全国各类能耗之首[N]．人民日报，2005-12-1(6)．
【2】 广州被列为建筑节能综合试点示范城市．www.gzqgb.com.
【3】 刘晓华，江亿等著．建筑节能技术与实践丛书—湿度独立控制空调系统[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2006．01．
【4】 方承超，孙克涛．太阳能液体除湿空调系统模型的建立与分析[J]．太阳能学报，1997，18(5)：128-133．
【5】 代彦军等．太阳能液体干燥剂除湿潜能储存热质传递过程研究[J]．工程热物理学报，2001，22(5)：605-608．
【6】 杨英，李心刚等．高湿环境下太阳能液体除湿特性的实验研究．河北建筑科技学院学报．1999，16(3)：40-45．
【7】 A.I.Lowenstein and R.S.Gabmk. The effect of absorber design on the performance of a liquid desiccant air conditioner[J]. Trans.Of ASHRAE,1992,712-770.
【8】 A.Y.Khan and H.D.Ball. Development of a generalized model for performance evaluation of packed-typed liquid sorbent dehmnidifiers and generators[J].ASHRAE,1992.
【9】 W Kesslling,E.Laevemann and C.Kapfhammer. Energy storage for desiccant cooling systems component development[J]. Solar Energy,1998(64):209 - 221.
【10】 H.M. Factor, Gershon Grossman. A packed bed dehumidifier/regenerator for solar air condition with liquid desiccants[J]. Solar Encrgy,1980,24: 541-550。
【11】 A. Erlas, P. Gandhidasan, I. Kiris. Experimental study on the performance of a regeneration tower for various climatic conditions[J]. Solar Energy,1994,53(1) :125 - 130.
【12】 赵华，郑宏飞，何开岩．太阳能液体除湿空调的研究进展[J]．能源研究与利用，2004，(6)：28—30．
【13】 张小松，殷勇高，曹毅然蓄能型液体除湿冷却空调系统的建立与实验研究[J]．工程热物理学报，2004，25(4)：546—549．
【14】 赵云．太阳能液体除湿空调系统的研究[博士学位论文]．南京，东南大学动 力工程系．2002
[15] H.I.Robinson. Liquid sorbent solar air conditioner-alremative energy sources encyclopedia[J]. Hemisphere Publishers,Washington,D.C,1978.
[16] Kakabayev A. A large scale solar air conditioning pilot plant and its test results[J]. Int. Chem. Eng,1976,16,60 - 64.
[17] Collier. R. K. The analysis and simulation of an open cycle absorption refrigeration system[J]. Solar Energy, 1979,23.
[18] Ji L. J, Wood B. D. Performance enhancement study of solar collector / regenerator for open-cycle liquid desiccant regeneration[J]. In Proceedings of Solar 93,1993.
[19] Yang R. and Wang P. L. (1994) Experimental study of forced convection solar collector / regenerator for open cycle absorption cooling[J]. Solar Energy Eng, 116: 194-199.
[20] Alizadeh S, Saman W Y. An experimental study of a forced flow solar collector/regenerator using liquid desicant[J]. Solar Energy, 2003,73(5): 345- 362.
[21] R. E. Treybal. Adi abatic gas absorption and stripping in towers [J]. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, July,1969,61(7).
[22] E. Gandhidasan, C. F. Kenleborough, M. Rifat Ullah. Calculation of heat and mass transfer coefficients in a packed tower operating with a desiccant air system in a packet tower [J]. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering,1986,ASME,108(5): 123-127.
[ 23 ] Athanasios I. Liapisl and Brian A. Grimes. Film Mass Transfer Coefficient Expressions For Electroosmotic Flows. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2000,229:540-543.
[ 24 ] S. ALIZADEH and W. Y. SAMAN. An experimental study of a forced flow solar collector/regenerator using liquid desiccant[J]. Solar Energy,2002,3(5): 345-362.
[25] W. Y. Samam, S. Alizadeh. Modeling and performance analysis of a cross-flow type plate heat Exchanger for dehumidification/cooling[J]. Solar Energy,2001,170 (4): 361 - 372.
【26】 P. Gandhidasan. Prediction of pressure drop in a packed bed dehumidifier operating with liquid desiccant[J]. Thermal Engineering, 2002,22:1117 - 1127.
【27】 Abdulghani A. Al-Farayedhi~*, P. Gandhidasan, M.A.Al-Mutairi. Evaluation of heat and mass transfer coefficients in a gauze-type structured packing air dehumidifier operating with liquid desiccant[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2002,25 : 330 - 339.
【28】 Timothy A A, Kevin G G, Byard D W. Performance predictions of alternative, low cost absorbents for open-cycle absorption solar cooling[J]. Solar Energy, 1995,54(2):65 -73.
【29】 S. Younus Ahmed, P. Gandhidasan, A.A. Al-Farayedhi. Thermodynamic analysis of liquid desiccants[J]. Solar Energy,1998,62(1): 11 - 18.
【30】 Manuel R. Conde. Properties of aqueous solutions of lithium and calcium chlorides: formulations for use in air conditioning equipment design[J] International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2004,43(4): 367-382.
【31】 X.J. Zhang, Y. J. Dai, R. Z. Wang. A simulation study of heat and mass transfer in a honeycombed rotary desiccant dehumidifier[J]. Thermal Engineering, 2003,23: 989 - 1003.
【32】 方承超，孙克涛．太阳能液体除湿空调系统模型的建立与分析[J]．太阳能学报，1997，18(2)：128—133．
【33】 徐士鸣．蓄能技术新概念—制冷制热潜能储存技术[J]．电力需求侧管理，2003，5(1)：43—48．
【34】 李惟毅，等．液体除湿系统的实验研究[J]．太阳能学报．2000，21(4)：391—395．
【35】 朱瑞琪，李怀富，液体除湿空调系统中吸收器的工作模拟和实验[J]。流体工程．1992，20(2)：56—59．
【36】 孙健．太阳能液体除湿空调系统的设计与实验研究[硕士学位论文]。南京：东南大学动力工程系，2003．
【37】 刘晓华，张岩，张伟荣，等．溶液除湿过程热质交换规律分析[J]。暖通空调，2005，35(1)：110—114．
【38】 杜斌，施明恒．太阳能平板降膜再生过程的数值模拟[J]．东南大学学报(自然科学版)，2005，35(6)：903—906．
【39】 G. Grossman. Simultaneous heat and mass transfer in film absorption under laminar flow[J]. Heat Mass Transfer, 1983, 26(3): 357-371.
【40】 G. Grossman. Simultaneous heat and mass transfer in absorption of gases in turbulent liquid films[J]. Heat Mass Transfer, 1984,27(12): 2365-2376.
【41】 S. ALIZADEH, W.Y. SAMAN. MODELING AND PERFORMANCE OF A FORCED FLOW SOLAR COLLECTOR/REGENERATOR USING LIQUID DESICCANT[J]. Solar Energy, 2002, 72(2): 143-154.
【42】 Gandhidasan P. Simple analysis of a forced flow solar regeneration system[J]. J. Energy, 1981, 6(6):436-437
【43】 孙健，宫小龙，施明恒除湿溶液蒸汽压的研究[J]．制冷学报，2004，(2)：27-30．
【44】 李震，江亿，陈晓阳等．溶液湿空气热质交换过程的匹配研究[J]．暖通空调，2005，35(1)：103-108．
【45】 赵云，施明恒．太阳能液体除湿空调系统中除湿剂的选择[J]．工程热物理学报，2001，22(增刊)：165-168．
【46】 A. Ertas, E.E. Anderson, I. Kiris. Properties of a new liquid desiccant solution-Lithium chloride and Calcium chloride mixture[J]. Solar Energy, 1992,49(3): 205-212.
【47】 王浚，黄本诚，马才大．环境模拟技术[M]．国防工业出版社，1996．
【48】 刘光启，马连湘，邢志有主编．化工物性算图手册[M]．北京：化学工业出版社，2002．1．
【49】 刘光启，马连湘，刘杰主编．化学化工物性数据手册[M]．无机卷[M]。北京：化学工业出版社，2002．3．
【50】 施明恒，杜斌，赵云．太阳能液体除湿空调系统再生和蓄能特性的研究[J]。太阳能学报，2006，27(1)：49-54．
【51】 杨小凤，吴祥生，刘安田．几种太阳能集热器的性能计算和比较[J]．重庆建筑大学学报，1997，19(5)：99-100．
【2】 广州被列为建筑节能综合试点示范城市．www.gzqgb.com.
【3】 刘晓华，江亿等著．建筑节能技术与实践丛书—湿度独立控制空调系统[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2006．01．
【4】 方承超，孙克涛．太阳能液体除湿空调系统模型的建立与分析[J]．太阳能学报，1997，18(5)：128-133．
【5】 代彦军等．太阳能液体干燥剂除湿潜能储存热质传递过程研究[J]．工程热物理学报，2001，22(5)：605-608．
【6】 杨英，李心刚等．高湿环境下太阳能液体除湿特性的实验研究．河北建筑科技学院学报．1999，16(3)：40-45．
【7】 A.I.Lowenstein and R.S.Gabmk. The effect of absorber design on the performance of a liquid desiccant air conditioner[J]. Trans.Of ASHRAE,1992,712-770.
【8】 A.Y.Khan and H.D.Ball. Development of a generalized model for performance evaluation of packed-typed liquid sorbent dehmnidifiers and generators[J].ASHRAE,1992.
【9】 W Kesslling,E.Laevemann and C.Kapfhammer. Energy storage for desiccant cooling systems component development[J]. Solar Energy,1998(64):209 - 221.
【10】 H.M. Factor, Gershon Grossman. A packed bed dehumidifier/regenerator for solar air condition with liquid desiccants[J]. Solar Encrgy,1980,24: 541-550。
【11】 A. Erlas, P. Gandhidasan, I. Kiris. Experimental study on the performance of a regeneration tower for various climatic conditions[J]. Solar Energy,1994,53(1) :125 - 130.
【12】 赵华，郑宏飞，何开岩．太阳能液体除湿空调的研究进展[J]．能源研究与利用，2004，(6)：28—30．
【13】 张小松，殷勇高，曹毅然蓄能型液体除湿冷却空调系统的建立与实验研究[J]．工程热物理学报，2004，25(4)：546—549．
【14】 赵云．太阳能液体除湿空调系统的研究[博士学位论文]．南京，东南大学动 力工程系．2002
[15] H.I.Robinson. Liquid sorbent solar air conditioner-alremative energy sources encyclopedia[J]. Hemisphere Publishers,Washington,D.C,1978.
[16] Kakabayev A. A large scale solar air conditioning pilot plant and its test results[J]. Int. Chem. Eng,1976,16,60 - 64.
[17] Collier. R. K. The analysis and simulation of an open cycle absorption refrigeration system[J]. Solar Energy, 1979,23.
[18] Ji L. J, Wood B. D. Performance enhancement study of solar collector / regenerator for open-cycle liquid desiccant regeneration[J]. In Proceedings of Solar 93,1993.
[19] Yang R. and Wang P. L. (1994) Experimental study of forced convection solar collector / regenerator for open cycle absorption cooling[J]. Solar Energy Eng, 116: 194-199.
[20] Alizadeh S, Saman W Y. An experimental study of a forced flow solar collector/regenerator using liquid desicant[J]. Solar Energy, 2003,73(5): 345- 362.
[21] R. E. Treybal. Adi abatic gas absorption and stripping in towers [J]. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, July,1969,61(7).
[22] E. Gandhidasan, C. F. Kenleborough, M. Rifat Ullah. Calculation of heat and mass transfer coefficients in a packed tower operating with a desiccant air system in a packet tower [J]. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering,1986,ASME,108(5): 123-127.
[ 23 ] Athanasios I. Liapisl and Brian A. Grimes. Film Mass Transfer Coefficient Expressions For Electroosmotic Flows. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2000,229:540-543.
[ 24 ] S. ALIZADEH and W. Y. SAMAN. An experimental study of a forced flow solar collector/regenerator using liquid desiccant[J]. Solar Energy,2002,3(5): 345-362.
[25] W. Y. Samam, S. Alizadeh. Modeling and performance analysis of a cross-flow type plate heat Exchanger for dehumidification/cooling[J]. Solar Energy,2001,170 (4): 361 - 372.
【26】 P. Gandhidasan. Prediction of pressure drop in a packed bed dehumidifier operating with liquid desiccant[J]. Thermal Engineering, 2002,22:1117 - 1127.
【27】 Abdulghani A. Al-Farayedhi~*, P. Gandhidasan, M.A.Al-Mutairi. Evaluation of heat and mass transfer coefficients in a gauze-type structured packing air dehumidifier operating with liquid desiccant[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2002,25 : 330 - 339.
【28】 Timothy A A, Kevin G G, Byard D W. Performance predictions of alternative, low cost absorbents for open-cycle absorption solar cooling[J]. Solar Energy, 1995,54(2):65 -73.
【29】 S. Younus Ahmed, P. Gandhidasan, A.A. Al-Farayedhi. Thermodynamic analysis of liquid desiccants[J]. Solar Energy,1998,62(1): 11 - 18.
【30】 Manuel R. Conde. Properties of aqueous solutions of lithium and calcium chlorides: formulations for use in air conditioning equipment design[J] International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2004,43(4): 367-382.
【31】 X.J. Zhang, Y. J. Dai, R. Z. Wang. A simulation study of heat and mass transfer in a honeycombed rotary desiccant dehumidifier[J]. Thermal Engineering, 2003,23: 989 - 1003.
【32】 方承超，孙克涛．太阳能液体除湿空调系统模型的建立与分析[J]．太阳能学报，1997，18(2)：128—133．
【33】 徐士鸣．蓄能技术新概念—制冷制热潜能储存技术[J]．电力需求侧管理，2003，5(1)：43—48．
【34】 李惟毅，等．液体除湿系统的实验研究[J]．太阳能学报．2000，21(4)：391—395．
【35】 朱瑞琪，李怀富，液体除湿空调系统中吸收器的工作模拟和实验[J]。流体工程．1992，20(2)：56—59．
【36】 孙健．太阳能液体除湿空调系统的设计与实验研究[硕士学位论文]。南京：东南大学动力工程系，2003．
【37】 刘晓华，张岩，张伟荣，等．溶液除湿过程热质交换规律分析[J]。暖通空调，2005，35(1)：110—114．
【38】 杜斌，施明恒．太阳能平板降膜再生过程的数值模拟[J]．东南大学学报(自然科学版)，2005，35(6)：903—906．
【39】 G. Grossman. Simultaneous heat and mass transfer in film absorption under laminar flow[J]. Heat Mass Transfer, 1983, 26(3): 357-371.
【40】 G. Grossman. Simultaneous heat and mass transfer in absorption of gases in turbulent liquid films[J]. Heat Mass Transfer, 1984,27(12): 2365-2376.
【41】 S. ALIZADEH, W.Y. SAMAN. MODELING AND PERFORMANCE OF A FORCED FLOW SOLAR COLLECTOR/REGENERATOR USING LIQUID DESICCANT[J]. Solar Energy, 2002, 72(2): 143-154.
【42】 Gandhidasan P. Simple analysis of a forced flow solar regeneration system[J]. J. Energy, 1981, 6(6):436-437
【43】 孙健，宫小龙，施明恒除湿溶液蒸汽压的研究[J]．制冷学报，2004，(2)：27-30．
【44】 李震，江亿，陈晓阳等．溶液湿空气热质交换过程的匹配研究[J]．暖通空调，2005，35(1)：103-108．
【45】 赵云，施明恒．太阳能液体除湿空调系统中除湿剂的选择[J]．工程热物理学报，2001，22(增刊)：165-168．
【46】 A. Ertas, E.E. Anderson, I. Kiris. Properties of a new liquid desiccant solution-Lithium chloride and Calcium chloride mixture[J]. Solar Energy, 1992,49(3): 205-212.
【47】 王浚，黄本诚，马才大．环境模拟技术[M]．国防工业出版社，1996．
【48】 刘光启，马连湘，邢志有主编．化工物性算图手册[M]．北京：化学工业出版社，2002．1．
【49】 刘光启，马连湘，刘杰主编．化学化工物性数据手册[M]．无机卷[M]。北京：化学工业出版社，2002．3．
【50】 施明恒，杜斌，赵云．太阳能液体除湿空调系统再生和蓄能特性的研究[J]。太阳能学报，2006，27(1)：49-54．
【51】 杨小凤，吴祥生，刘安田．几种太阳能集热器的性能计算和比较[J]．重庆建筑大学学报，1997，19(5)：99-100．