恒温恒湿系统除霜控制方法的研究
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摘要
本文旨在研究恒温恒湿系统除霜控制方法,寻找到最优的除霜开始时刻和除霜结束时刻,使得除霜时库内温度保持在不影响果蔬品质的范围内,同时除霜间隔最大。以此为目的,本文研究了本实验台结霜时库内温度、湿度和风机转速对结霜的不同影响,分析了不同工况下参数的不同变化规律。在结霜达到不同的厚度时开始除霜,同时结合不同的停除霜加热器的时刻,分析了这些不同的开始除霜和结束除霜时刻对库内温升的影响。根据结霜和除霜实验的分析结果,提出了以稳定运行时间、翅片温度、穿过蒸发器的空气压差、库内温度与蒸发温度的差值、库内温度与蒸发温度差值的变化率作为除霜开始时刻的控制参数,以压差和翅片温度作为除霜结束阶段主要参数的除霜控制方法,并确定了各参数的设定值。
同时,本文结合本实验台变频的特点,提出了“低频除霜”的除霜控制方法,并比较了在结霜厚度达到相同值后开始“停机除霜”和“低频除霜”的区别,分析了两者的优劣。
最后本文设计完成了“停机除霜”与“低频除霜”控制方法的程序流程,根据除霜流程编制了除霜控制程序,最后对本文的除霜控制方法的特点进行了总结。
In order to maintain the temperature under the confine of fruits and vegetables storage when defrosting, and at the same time defrost as least as possible in a period of time, the optimum beginning time and end time of defrost of this cold storage system must be found.
For this purpose, the impact on parameters of air temperature, humidity and fan speed when frost is analyzed. And the influences on the rise of temperature inside the cold storage of different beginning time and end time of defrost are also studied. Based on the analysis of the frost and defrost experiment results, the time that the system stable operate, the fin temperature, the pressure margin of the air through the evaporator, the margin of bank temperature and evaporation temperature, the rate of the margin change of bank temperature and evaporation temperature are taken as the control parameters of the defrost beginning time, and the pressure margin of the air through the evaporator and the fin temperature are taken as the main control parameters of the defrost end time. The values of the parameters are also confirmed.
On account of the characteristics of frequency-conversion of this system,“low-frequency defrosting”is proposed this paper. And the pros and cons of“low-frequency defrosting”and“shutdown defrosting”are analysised. The defrost interface and the defrost control process are completed finally.
同时,本文结合本实验台变频的特点,提出了“低频除霜”的除霜控制方法,并比较了在结霜厚度达到相同值后开始“停机除霜”和“低频除霜”的区别,分析了两者的优劣。
最后本文设计完成了“停机除霜”与“低频除霜”控制方法的程序流程,根据除霜流程编制了除霜控制程序,最后对本文的除霜控制方法的特点进行了总结。
In order to maintain the temperature under the confine of fruits and vegetables storage when defrosting, and at the same time defrost as least as possible in a period of time, the optimum beginning time and end time of defrost of this cold storage system must be found.
For this purpose, the impact on parameters of air temperature, humidity and fan speed when frost is analyzed. And the influences on the rise of temperature inside the cold storage of different beginning time and end time of defrost are also studied. Based on the analysis of the frost and defrost experiment results, the time that the system stable operate, the fin temperature, the pressure margin of the air through the evaporator, the margin of bank temperature and evaporation temperature, the rate of the margin change of bank temperature and evaporation temperature are taken as the control parameters of the defrost beginning time, and the pressure margin of the air through the evaporator and the fin temperature are taken as the main control parameters of the defrost end time. The values of the parameters are also confirmed.
On account of the characteristics of frequency-conversion of this system,“low-frequency defrosting”is proposed this paper. And the pros and cons of“low-frequency defrosting”and“shutdown defrosting”are analysised. The defrost interface and the defrost control process are completed finally.
引文
[1]谷波,田树波,孙涛等.风冷热泵机组的结霜特性研究[J].暖通空调,2001, 31(01):81-82.
[2]Darin W Natter, et al. Impact of the suction line accumulator on the frost/defrost performance of an air-source heat pump with a scroll compressor. A SRRAE Trans, 1990, 96: 11
[3]黄虎等.风冷热泵冷热水机组结霜工况下运行特性的实验研究[J].流体机械, 1998, 26 (12)
[4]佚名.冷库储藏水果蔬菜应注意的几个问题[EB/OL].http://www.Green168.com
[5]邹俐宏.温度对易腐果蔬贮运质量的影响及控制[J].长沙铁道学院学报, 2002, 20(2):62-65.
[6]井上宇市.空气调节手册[M] .范存养译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1986.
[7]韩慧秋,董威.空气源热泵机组除霜问题分析[J].长春工程学院学报(自然科学版), 2003 ,4 (1 ):14-46.
[8]Baxter V D, Moyers J C. Field- measure cycling, frosting and defrosting losses for a high - efficiency air- source heat pump. A SHRA E T ransact ions, 1985, 91 (2) : 537- 554.
[9]李国强.风冷热泵冷热水机组的模拟、实验及结霜除霜问题研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2002.
[10]庄友明.食品冷库除霜方法及其能耗分析[J].集美大学学报(自然科学版),2006,11(1):62-65.
[11]黄虎,李志浩,束鹏程.风冷热泵除霜控制方法分析[J].建筑热能通风空调,1999,(3):38-40.
[12]陈汝东,许东晟.空气热源热泵空调器最佳除霜点的控制[J].空谓暖通技术,1996,(4):
[13]Robert A Heinzen . How adaptive defrost maintains refrigeration system efficiency. Australian Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating. April, 1988
[14]陈云水.关于空气热源热泵机组的COP值[J].流体机械,1999,28(8()增刊):88-103.
[15]黄虎,虞维平,李志浩等.风冷热泵冷热水机组自调整模糊除霜控制研究[J].暖通空调, 2001,31(3):67-69.
[16]符建坤,欧阳海生,刘凤珍.高湿地区风冷热泵蒸发器除霜控制研究[J].流体机械,2003 ,31 (10 ):44-47.
[17]姚杨,姜益强,马最良.空气源热泵冷热水机组空气侧换热器结霜规律[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2002.34(5):660-662.
[18]苏生.制冷装置除霜研究[D].上海:同济大学,2001.
[19]刘凤珍.低温工况下结霜对翅片管蒸发器性能影响研究[J].制冷与空调,2002,2(6):12-15.
[20]Oskarsson S P. Evaporator models for operation with dry wet and frosted finned surfaces: partⅡ: Evaporator models and Verification[J ]. ASHRAE , 1990 ,96 (1) : 381～392.
[21]蔡亮,刘上国,王素美等.空气流动平板结霜对传热传质的影响[J].能源研究与利用,2003,(6):7-9.
[22]赖建波,车晶,苏文.肋片管式换热器表面结霜问题的研究[J].暖通空调,2004,34(3):17-21.
[23]周子成.房间空调器热泵运行时的瞬态仿真[J].制冷学报,1998, 4.
[24]蔡亮,刘上国,王素美等.空气流动平板结霜对传热传质的影响[J].能源研究与利用,2003,(6):7-9.
[25]刘桂平.冷风机结霜运行与模糊控制除霜的研究[D].上海:上海水产大学,2002.
[26]Senshu T,Yasuda H. Heat pump performance under frosting condition : Part Two-Simulation of heat pump cycle characteristics under frosting conditions [ J ] . ASHARE Trans. 1990 , 96(1) : 330～336.
[27]华绍曾,杨学宁等.实用流体阻力手册.国防工业出版社,1985.
[28]Kodepudi, O’NEAL D L.The effects of different fin configurations on the performance under frosting conditions[J].ASHRAE,1990,96(2):439-444.
[29]Kond. SN,刘启海.结霜对百叶翅片管换热器性能的影响[J].流体工程,1990,(6):57-62,25
[30]Hong Chen. Frost characteristics and heat Transfer on a flat plat under freezer operating conditions: partI , Experimentation and correlation ASHREA Transactions: Research No.4295
[31]SIMATIC S7-300 and M7-300 Programmable Controllers Module Specifications, Reference Manual ,Edition ,2001-10.
[32]西门子(中国)有限公司自动化与驱动集团. SIMATIC STEP V5.2使用手册,2003.
[33]苏昆哲主编.深入浅出西门子WinCC V6.0,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[34]金国民.恒温恒湿系统控制及果蔬预冷研究[D].天津:天津大学,2006
[35]廖常初. S7-300/400 PLC应用技术.北京::机械工业出版社,2005
[36]杨自强,陆亚俊.冷风机结霜特性的实验研究[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1997,(1):67-71.
[37]何俊杰,江乐新.空气源热泵热水机组除霜方式的研究[J].现代机械, 2007, (1):1-3,7.
[38]白文亭.变频节能绿色创新[J].电气时代, 2007, (12):11.
[39]杨昭,谭晶莹,李喜宏,徐晓丽.冷库压缩机变频技术节能原理与经济效益分析[J].压缩机技术,2005,(5):24-26.
[40]伍向洋,徐国强.变频技术在冷库制冷系统中的运用及节能分析[J].水产科技, 2004, (5):21-22.
[41]朱裕君,麦丰收.热泵式冷暖空调器除霜控制的新方法[J].家用电器科技, 2001, (5): 33-34.
[42]韩志涛,姚杨,马最良等.空气源热泵误除霜特性的实验研究[J].暖通空调, 2006,36(2):15-19.
[43]陈颖,李筱萍.热泵型空调器结霜除霜的判定[J].暖通空调,2001, 31(6):44-46.
[44]王铁军,唐景春,刘向农等.风源热泵空调器除霜技术实验研究[J].低温与超导,2003,31(4):65-68,41.
[45]高春英.风冷热泵机组冬季的除霜控制[J].大众用电,2000,(5):18-19.
[46]杨许,谌清平.基于模糊控制的智能除霜研究[J].家电科技, 2004, (5):76-78.
[47]景步云,谷波,黎远光.基于模型的热泵空调化霜控制方法研究[J].流体机械, 2004, 32(1):46-48,64.
[48]陈汝东,许东晟.制冷装置除霜方法的研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版), 1998, 26(5):566-569.
[49]侯春枝,陈恩,蒋德伦等.空气源热泵机组结霜及除霜控制方法的研究[J].制冷与空调(北京), 2007, 7(3): 52-54.
[2]Darin W Natter, et al. Impact of the suction line accumulator on the frost/defrost performance of an air-source heat pump with a scroll compressor. A SRRAE Trans, 1990, 96: 11
[3]黄虎等.风冷热泵冷热水机组结霜工况下运行特性的实验研究[J].流体机械, 1998, 26 (12)
[4]佚名.冷库储藏水果蔬菜应注意的几个问题[EB/OL].http://www.Green168.com
[5]邹俐宏.温度对易腐果蔬贮运质量的影响及控制[J].长沙铁道学院学报, 2002, 20(2):62-65.
[6]井上宇市.空气调节手册[M] .范存养译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1986.
[7]韩慧秋,董威.空气源热泵机组除霜问题分析[J].长春工程学院学报(自然科学版), 2003 ,4 (1 ):14-46.
[8]Baxter V D, Moyers J C. Field- measure cycling, frosting and defrosting losses for a high - efficiency air- source heat pump. A SHRA E T ransact ions, 1985, 91 (2) : 537- 554.
[9]李国强.风冷热泵冷热水机组的模拟、实验及结霜除霜问题研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2002.
[10]庄友明.食品冷库除霜方法及其能耗分析[J].集美大学学报(自然科学版),2006,11(1):62-65.
[11]黄虎,李志浩,束鹏程.风冷热泵除霜控制方法分析[J].建筑热能通风空调,1999,(3):38-40.
[12]陈汝东,许东晟.空气热源热泵空调器最佳除霜点的控制[J].空谓暖通技术,1996,(4):
[13]Robert A Heinzen . How adaptive defrost maintains refrigeration system efficiency. Australian Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating. April, 1988
[14]陈云水.关于空气热源热泵机组的COP值[J].流体机械,1999,28(8()增刊):88-103.
[15]黄虎,虞维平,李志浩等.风冷热泵冷热水机组自调整模糊除霜控制研究[J].暖通空调, 2001,31(3):67-69.
[16]符建坤,欧阳海生,刘凤珍.高湿地区风冷热泵蒸发器除霜控制研究[J].流体机械,2003 ,31 (10 ):44-47.
[17]姚杨,姜益强,马最良.空气源热泵冷热水机组空气侧换热器结霜规律[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2002.34(5):660-662.
[18]苏生.制冷装置除霜研究[D].上海:同济大学,2001.
[19]刘凤珍.低温工况下结霜对翅片管蒸发器性能影响研究[J].制冷与空调,2002,2(6):12-15.
[20]Oskarsson S P. Evaporator models for operation with dry wet and frosted finned surfaces: partⅡ: Evaporator models and Verification[J ]. ASHRAE , 1990 ,96 (1) : 381～392.
[21]蔡亮,刘上国,王素美等.空气流动平板结霜对传热传质的影响[J].能源研究与利用,2003,(6):7-9.
[22]赖建波,车晶,苏文.肋片管式换热器表面结霜问题的研究[J].暖通空调,2004,34(3):17-21.
[23]周子成.房间空调器热泵运行时的瞬态仿真[J].制冷学报,1998, 4.
[24]蔡亮,刘上国,王素美等.空气流动平板结霜对传热传质的影响[J].能源研究与利用,2003,(6):7-9.
[25]刘桂平.冷风机结霜运行与模糊控制除霜的研究[D].上海:上海水产大学,2002.
[26]Senshu T,Yasuda H. Heat pump performance under frosting condition : Part Two-Simulation of heat pump cycle characteristics under frosting conditions [ J ] . ASHARE Trans. 1990 , 96(1) : 330～336.
[27]华绍曾,杨学宁等.实用流体阻力手册.国防工业出版社,1985.
[28]Kodepudi, O’NEAL D L.The effects of different fin configurations on the performance under frosting conditions[J].ASHRAE,1990,96(2):439-444.
[29]Kond. SN,刘启海.结霜对百叶翅片管换热器性能的影响[J].流体工程,1990,(6):57-62,25
[30]Hong Chen. Frost characteristics and heat Transfer on a flat plat under freezer operating conditions: partI , Experimentation and correlation ASHREA Transactions: Research No.4295
[31]SIMATIC S7-300 and M7-300 Programmable Controllers Module Specifications, Reference Manual ,Edition ,2001-10.
[32]西门子(中国)有限公司自动化与驱动集团. SIMATIC STEP V5.2使用手册,2003.
[33]苏昆哲主编.深入浅出西门子WinCC V6.0,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[34]金国民.恒温恒湿系统控制及果蔬预冷研究[D].天津:天津大学,2006
[35]廖常初. S7-300/400 PLC应用技术.北京::机械工业出版社,2005
[36]杨自强,陆亚俊.冷风机结霜特性的实验研究[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1997,(1):67-71.
[37]何俊杰,江乐新.空气源热泵热水机组除霜方式的研究[J].现代机械, 2007, (1):1-3,7.
[38]白文亭.变频节能绿色创新[J].电气时代, 2007, (12):11.
[39]杨昭,谭晶莹,李喜宏,徐晓丽.冷库压缩机变频技术节能原理与经济效益分析[J].压缩机技术,2005,(5):24-26.
[40]伍向洋,徐国强.变频技术在冷库制冷系统中的运用及节能分析[J].水产科技, 2004, (5):21-22.
[41]朱裕君,麦丰收.热泵式冷暖空调器除霜控制的新方法[J].家用电器科技, 2001, (5): 33-34.
[42]韩志涛,姚杨,马最良等.空气源热泵误除霜特性的实验研究[J].暖通空调, 2006,36(2):15-19.
[43]陈颖,李筱萍.热泵型空调器结霜除霜的判定[J].暖通空调,2001, 31(6):44-46.
[44]王铁军,唐景春,刘向农等.风源热泵空调器除霜技术实验研究[J].低温与超导,2003,31(4):65-68,41.
[45]高春英.风冷热泵机组冬季的除霜控制[J].大众用电,2000,(5):18-19.
[46]杨许,谌清平.基于模糊控制的智能除霜研究[J].家电科技, 2004, (5):76-78.
[47]景步云,谷波,黎远光.基于模型的热泵空调化霜控制方法研究[J].流体机械, 2004, 32(1):46-48,64.
[48]陈汝东,许东晟.制冷装置除霜方法的研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版), 1998, 26(5):566-569.
[49]侯春枝,陈恩,蒋德伦等.空气源热泵机组结霜及除霜控制方法的研究[J].制冷与空调(北京), 2007, 7(3): 52-54.