恒温恒湿库结霜与除霜特性的实验研究
摘要
冷藏是经营食品、水果保鲜、生物冷藏过程中必不可少的一种处理措施,此措施的经济性能如何,直接影响整个过程的效益。在冷藏过程中产生的结霜现象是影响食品品质以及冷库运行是否稳定的主要因素。在上述背景下,本课题开展了新型恒温恒湿冷库的结霜与除霜实验的研究。
通过以PLC为核心的电气控制系统,本文进行不同了库温、湿度以及送风速度条件下的实验研究,并分析了在不同实验条件下,蒸发温度、翅片温度以及压差的变化情况。实验结果表明,在不同的库温、湿度以及送风速度的工况下,蒸发器侧的结霜情况有明显的差异,结霜量在一定范围内会随着库温的降低、湿度的升高以及送风速度的降低而增多。
通过结霜实验得到了比较容易结霜的条件,针对此条件进行了除霜实验的研究。在除霜实验中,本文不仅分别进行了停机除霜与不停机除霜的实验,而且进行了在不停过程中不同时刻除霜的实验对比。通过对实验结果的分析,得出了适用的除霜方法。
Refrigeration is the necessary step during storing food, keeping fruit and vegetable fresh, and refrigerating the biology. How to handle the economic application of this step has a huge effect on the whole process. The frosting phenomenon during the refrigeration plays a very important part in the quality of the food and the stability of the refrigeratory. According to this, research on the experiments about the frosting and defrosting of the constant temperature and humidity system has been made.
Through the control system based on the PLC, the thesis has studied the evaporation temperature, the wing temperature and the difference of the pressure, which based on different storing temperature, different humidity and the blowing velocity. The experiments’results show that differences of the frosting quantity are obvious on the surface of the evaporator during different experiment conditions. With the fall of the storing temperature, the rising of the humidity, and the fall of the blowing velocity, the frosting quantity will rise in certain range.
The conditions that frost easily have obtained through the experiments, which become the basis of the defrosting experiments. During the defrosting processes, many methods have been used to contrast, such as stopping the refrigerating and the non-stopping the refrigerating defrosting, and defrosting at different time. Finally, the right way of defrosting was obtained through analyzing the experiments’results.
通过以PLC为核心的电气控制系统,本文进行不同了库温、湿度以及送风速度条件下的实验研究,并分析了在不同实验条件下,蒸发温度、翅片温度以及压差的变化情况。实验结果表明,在不同的库温、湿度以及送风速度的工况下,蒸发器侧的结霜情况有明显的差异,结霜量在一定范围内会随着库温的降低、湿度的升高以及送风速度的降低而增多。
通过结霜实验得到了比较容易结霜的条件,针对此条件进行了除霜实验的研究。在除霜实验中,本文不仅分别进行了停机除霜与不停机除霜的实验,而且进行了在不停过程中不同时刻除霜的实验对比。通过对实验结果的分析,得出了适用的除霜方法。
Refrigeration is the necessary step during storing food, keeping fruit and vegetable fresh, and refrigerating the biology. How to handle the economic application of this step has a huge effect on the whole process. The frosting phenomenon during the refrigeration plays a very important part in the quality of the food and the stability of the refrigeratory. According to this, research on the experiments about the frosting and defrosting of the constant temperature and humidity system has been made.
Through the control system based on the PLC, the thesis has studied the evaporation temperature, the wing temperature and the difference of the pressure, which based on different storing temperature, different humidity and the blowing velocity. The experiments’results show that differences of the frosting quantity are obvious on the surface of the evaporator during different experiment conditions. With the fall of the storing temperature, the rising of the humidity, and the fall of the blowing velocity, the frosting quantity will rise in certain range.
The conditions that frost easily have obtained through the experiments, which become the basis of the defrosting experiments. During the defrosting processes, many methods have been used to contrast, such as stopping the refrigerating and the non-stopping the refrigerating defrosting, and defrosting at different time. Finally, the right way of defrosting was obtained through analyzing the experiments’results.
引文
[1]修洪君,大型制冷系统的节能分析,东南大学,2005
[2]程建杰,冷库的节能研究,同济大学,2000
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[4] SenshuT. Yasuda H. Heat pump performance under frosting condition: Part Two-Simulation of heat pump cycle characteristics under frosting conditions [ J ] . ASHARE Trans. 1990 , 96(1) : 330～336
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[6] Hidettoshi Ohkabo Osamu Tajima. Effect of surface temperature on frosting phenomena, Trans.of the JAR, 1991, Vol.12, No.3, pp285-294
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[9] Mark A. Dietenberger. Generalized correlation of the water frost thermal conductivity, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 1987, Vol.26, No.4, pp607-619
[10]孟繁炯,潘延龄,霜层结构模型及凝华结霜传热传质,流体工程,1987,Vol.15 No .1,pp54-60
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[2]程建杰,冷库的节能研究,同济大学,2000
[3] Kamai S,Mizushima T,Kifune S,et al. Research on the frost formation in a low temperature cooler condenser. The Japan Science Review,1952,2(3):317-326
[4] SenshuT. Yasuda H. Heat pump performance under frosting condition: Part Two-Simulation of heat pump cycle characteristics under frosting conditions [ J ] . ASHARE Trans. 1990 , 96(1) : 330～336
[5] Yujior Hayashi, Kazoo Aoki, Hiroshi Yohara. Study of frost formation based on a theoretical model of the frost layer, Heat Transfer-Japanese Research, 1977, Vol.6, No.2, pp79-94
[6] Hidettoshi Ohkabo Osamu Tajima. Effect of surface temperature on frosting phenomena, Trans.of the JAR, 1991, Vol.12, No.3, pp285-294
[7] Y. Hayashi, A. Aoki, S. Adachi, K. Hori, Study of frost properties correlating with frost formation types, Journal of Heat Transfer, 1977, Vol. 99, pp239-245
[8] Kazuo Aoki, Kozo Kate yama, Yuiiro Hayashi. A study on frost formation, Bulletin of the JSME, 1983, Vol.26, No.211211, pp87-93
[9] Mark A. Dietenberger. Generalized correlation of the water frost thermal conductivity, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 1987, Vol.26, No.4, pp607-619
[10]孟繁炯,潘延龄,霜层结构模型及凝华结霜传热传质,流体工程,1987,Vol.15 No .1,pp54-60
[11] O.Tajima, E.Naito, Y.Kobayashi, C.Mizutani. Frost formation on air coolers-part1: natural convection for a cooled plate facing upward, Heat Transfer Japanese Research, 1972, Vol.1, No.2, pp39-48
[12] O.Tajima, E.Naito, Y.Tsutsumi, H.Yoshida. Frost formation on air coolers-part2: natural convection for a cooled plate facing downwards, Heat Transfer Japanese Research, 1973, Vol.3, No.4, pp55-66
[13] O.Tajima, E.Naito, K.Nakashima, H,Yamamoto. Frost formation on air coolers-part3: natural convection for a cooled vertical plate, Heat Transfer Japanese Research, 1974, Vol.3, No.4, pp55-66
[14] O.Tajima, E.Naito, T.Goto, S.Segawa, K.Nishimura. Frost formation on aircoolers-part4: natural convection for two vertically opposed cooled plates, Heat Transfer Japanese Research, 1972, Vol.1, No.2, pp39-48
[15] I.Tokura, H.Satio, K.Kishinami. Study on properties and growth rate of frost layers on cold surface, 1983, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol.105, pp895-901
[16] Tasiei Hosoda, Hideo Uzuhashi. Effects of frost on the heat transfer coefficient, HITACH Review, 1967, Vol.16, No.6, pp245-559
[17] Tao Y X, Besant R W, Mao Y. Characteristics of frost growth on flat plate during the early growth period. ASHRAE Trans, 1993, 99(pt1): pp746-753
[18] R.R.Gates, G.D.Huffman, C.F.Sepsy. Heat transfer and pressure loss in extended surface heat exchanger operation under frosting conditions-part1, ASHRAE Trans, 1967, Vol.73, pt2, pp1.2.1-1.2.13
[19] G.D.Huffman, C.F.Sepsy. Heat transfer and pressure loss in extended surface heat exchanger operation under frosting conditions-part2, ASHRAE Trans, 1967, Vol.73, pt2, pp1.3.1-1.3.16
[20] Donald H.Niederer. Frosting and defrosting effects on coil heat transfer, ASHERAE Trans, 1976, Vol.82, pt1, pp467-473
[21]郭宪民,游之新,沈增友,结霜工况下直接蒸发式空气冷却器的计算机辅助设计,流体工程,1993,Vol.21, No.1, pp49-54
[22]丁兵,阙雄才,丁国民,陈芝久,翅片管式蒸发器结霜特性模拟,流体工程,1995, Vol.23,No.4,pp52-56
[23]夏清,周振宇,周兴禧,霜形成对翅片管式蒸发器性能影响的研究,工程热物理学报,1997, Vol.18, No.6, pp717-720
[24]舒宏纪,刘惠枚,周彬如,冷壁表面状况对水蒸气凝华结霜过程的影响,流体工程,1986, No.12, pp52-57
[25]应世杰,热泵空调器热交换器防结霜表面处理技术,制冷,1994, Vol.38, No.3, pp75-79
[26]孙玉清,吴桂涛,刘惠枚,舒宏纪,抑制换热器湿空气侧结霜的研究,工程热物理学报,1997,Vol.18, No.1, pp95-98
[27] Whitehurst C A. Heat and mass transfer by free convection from humid air to a metal p late under frosting conditions. ASHRAE Journal, 1962, 5 (5):88-97
[28] YamakawaW, Takahasi N, Ohtani S. Forced convection heat mass transfer under frosting conditions. Heat Transfer - Japanese Re2 search, 1972, 1 (2):1-9
[29]张哲,厉彦忠,王强,影响风冷式热泵蒸发器结霜性能因素的研究,流体机械,2002,31 (11):46-49
[30] Amen F R. Study of frosting of heat pump evaporators. ASHRAE Transactions, 1991, 97 (1): 61– 71
[31]孙乐川,恒温恒湿系统变容量控制策略研究及实验:[硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2007
[32]廖常初,S7-300/400 PLC应用技术,北京:机械工业出版社,20054
[33]日本机械学会,JSME Date Book Heat Transfer,4th Edition,日本机械学会,1986
[34]稻枼英男，低温环境下散热问题，机械的研究，1991,43(5)
[35]刘上国,热泵空调的结霜、除霜机理及过程仿真:[硕士学位论文],南京:东南大学,2003
[36]刘凤珍,低温环境下翅片管换热器的结霜性能和除霜研究:[硕士学位论文],天津:天津商学院,1999
[37] B.W.Jones and J.D.Parker,“Frost formation with varying environmental parameters”, Journal of Heat Transfer, 97(3), 1975, 255-259
[38] J.D.Yonko,“An investigation of the thermal conductivity of frost white forming on a flat horizontal plate”, ASHRAE, Vol, 73, part 2, 1967, I.1.1-I.1.10
[39] Brian P.L.T.Reid and Y.T.Shan,“Frost deposits on cold surface”, Ind.Eng.Fundamentals, Vol.9, No.3
[40] H.W.Schneider,“Equation of the growth rate of frost forming on cooled surfaces”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 21(8)1978, 1019-1024
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