基于Modbus协议的恒温振荡培养箱控制器设计与实现
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摘要
恒温振荡培养箱是生物、制药、食品、医学、卫生、环保、农林等科研和生产部门不可缺少的实验设备,可以为生化实验提供一个恒定的环境,其市场需求量也在快速增长。目前,国内生产的同类产品大多采用机械定时或8位微控制器控制,功能比较单一,数据处理能力弱。因此,研发高性能、多功能、数据处理能力强的恒温振荡培养箱是非常必要的。
本文选用32位微控制器LPC2368和8位微控制器AT89C55,采用双微控制器结构,设计并实现了一款基于Modbus协议的恒温振荡培养箱控制器,具有高性能、可靠性高、实时性好、数据处理能力强、易操作的特点。
论文阐述了恒温振荡培养箱控制器的开发过程。首先给出了恒温振荡培养箱控制器整体结构设计;其次给出了系统硬件模块设计;接着分析了Modbus协议,结合控制器的实际需求对Modbus协议功能码进行裁减,用它实现了两个微控制器间的可靠通信;分析了I~2C总线协议,编程实现了微控制器对I~2C总线串行EEPROM存储器的读写;给出了系统软件模块的流程图;然后,总结了系统调试方法,调试过程中遇到的问题和解决措施;最后,对项目进行了总结与展望。本课题的成果可以为其它高性能工业控制器的研发提供借鉴和参考。
经生产厂家测试和实际运行表明,基于Modbus协议的恒温振荡培养箱控制器工作稳定可靠,实时性好,有较强的抗干扰能力。
Constant temperature incubator shaker is indispensable experiment equipment for scientific research, such as biology, pharmacy, foodstuff, iatrology, sanitation, environmental protection, agriculture, forestry, etc. It can provide an invariable environment during biology and chemistry experimention. With the development of bioscience, its requirement is increasing rapidly. Currently, most of the same products are used mechanical timing or controlled by 8-bit MCU at home which function is singleness, precision and data management is low. So it is necessary to develop the constant temperature incubator shaker that has high performance, multi-function and strong data management.
In this paper, a controller of constant temperature incubator shaker is designed and implemented with double MCU architecture based on Modbus protocol. The double MCU architecture consists of a 32-bit MCU LPC2368 and an 8-bit MCU AT89C55. This characteristics are high performance, high reliability, strong data manage ability, better real time and easier operation.
This thesis describes the design of constant temperature incubator shaker controller. Firstly, it shows the whole framework design of the controller. Secondly, the designs of hardware modules are given. Thirdly, according to the practical uses, it analyses the Modbus protocol and reducse its function code to satisfy system requirement, and realizes the dependable communication between two MCU of controller. It also analyses the I~2C bus protocol, realizes the MCU read or write data to serial EEPROM memory by I~2C bus. The flowcharts of software modules are given. Then, the debug method of system is discussed. Analysing the problems in debug, the resolvents are given. At last, the summarization and expectation of this project are discussed. The results of this research provide a reference for the development of other high performance industrial controller.
It is proved by manufacturer severe tests and actual run that the constant temperature incubator shaker controller runs consistently dependable, with the better real time performance and the stronger antijamming ability.
本文选用32位微控制器LPC2368和8位微控制器AT89C55,采用双微控制器结构,设计并实现了一款基于Modbus协议的恒温振荡培养箱控制器,具有高性能、可靠性高、实时性好、数据处理能力强、易操作的特点。
论文阐述了恒温振荡培养箱控制器的开发过程。首先给出了恒温振荡培养箱控制器整体结构设计;其次给出了系统硬件模块设计;接着分析了Modbus协议,结合控制器的实际需求对Modbus协议功能码进行裁减,用它实现了两个微控制器间的可靠通信;分析了I~2C总线协议,编程实现了微控制器对I~2C总线串行EEPROM存储器的读写;给出了系统软件模块的流程图;然后,总结了系统调试方法,调试过程中遇到的问题和解决措施;最后,对项目进行了总结与展望。本课题的成果可以为其它高性能工业控制器的研发提供借鉴和参考。
经生产厂家测试和实际运行表明,基于Modbus协议的恒温振荡培养箱控制器工作稳定可靠,实时性好,有较强的抗干扰能力。
Constant temperature incubator shaker is indispensable experiment equipment for scientific research, such as biology, pharmacy, foodstuff, iatrology, sanitation, environmental protection, agriculture, forestry, etc. It can provide an invariable environment during biology and chemistry experimention. With the development of bioscience, its requirement is increasing rapidly. Currently, most of the same products are used mechanical timing or controlled by 8-bit MCU at home which function is singleness, precision and data management is low. So it is necessary to develop the constant temperature incubator shaker that has high performance, multi-function and strong data management.
In this paper, a controller of constant temperature incubator shaker is designed and implemented with double MCU architecture based on Modbus protocol. The double MCU architecture consists of a 32-bit MCU LPC2368 and an 8-bit MCU AT89C55. This characteristics are high performance, high reliability, strong data manage ability, better real time and easier operation.
This thesis describes the design of constant temperature incubator shaker controller. Firstly, it shows the whole framework design of the controller. Secondly, the designs of hardware modules are given. Thirdly, according to the practical uses, it analyses the Modbus protocol and reducse its function code to satisfy system requirement, and realizes the dependable communication between two MCU of controller. It also analyses the I~2C bus protocol, realizes the MCU read or write data to serial EEPROM memory by I~2C bus. The flowcharts of software modules are given. Then, the debug method of system is discussed. Analysing the problems in debug, the resolvents are given. At last, the summarization and expectation of this project are discussed. The results of this research provide a reference for the development of other high performance industrial controller.
It is proved by manufacturer severe tests and actual run that the constant temperature incubator shaker controller runs consistently dependable, with the better real time performance and the stronger antijamming ability.
引文
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[2]郑文波,阳宪惠.现场总线技术综述[J].机械与电子.1997,05.
[3]李正军.现场总线及其应用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[4]潘长清.基于Modbus协议的嵌入式数据通信系统研究[D].北京交通大学,2007.12.
[5]张民.浅谈现场总线及发展前景[J].青海科技.2005,01:55-57.
[6]现场总线的现状.http://baike.baidu.com/view/592856.htm
[7]Modbus通讯协议.http://www.cechinamag.com/Article/html/2007-01/200712084544.htm
[8]大步前进的Modbus.http://www.cechinamag.com/Article/html/2005-10/200511281032332f66a.htm
[9]周光宇,高为民,贺卫红.基于MODBUS协议的串行通信的设计与实现[J].湘南学院学报.2006,02:62-65.
[10]张琼,雷鸣,王铁.MODBUS通讯协议在串行通讯的应用[J].科技创新导报.2008,18:30.
[11]张益南,王文海.嵌入式Modbus/TCP协议的研究与实现[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术.2008,02:26-29,33.
[12]Modbus正式成为工业通讯领域现场总线技术国家标准.http://article.cechina.cn/2008-04/2008417070945.htm
[13]张道德.单片机接口技术(C51版)[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.
[14]赵学军.RS485总线测控模块的MODBUS扩展协议设计[J].自动化与仪表.2007,02:37-39.
[15]苏州和美光电科技有限公司.12864C LCD显示器用户手册[z].苏州和美光电科技有限公司.2004.
[16]戴佳,戴卫恒.51单片机C语言应用程序设计实例精讲[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007.
[17]赖麒文.8051单片机C语言环境实务与设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[18]夏路易,石宗义.电路原理图与电路板设计教程Protel 99SE[M].北京:北京希望电子出版社,2002.
[19]周立功单片机发展有限公司.LPC23XX用户手册[Z].www.zlgmcu.com
[20]Philips Semiconductors.LPC2364/6/8/78 User manual[Z].2006.www.semiconductors.philips.com
[21]MCU基本技术原理与发展历史.http://www.eeworld.com.cn/mcu/bkzs/200708/681.html
[22]ATMEL Corporation.AT89C55WD Data Sheet[Z].1921C-MICR0-3/05,2005.
[23]朱小襄.MODBUS通讯协议及编程[J].电子工程师,2005,07:42-44,55.
[24]潘洪跃.基于MODBUS协议通信的设计与实现[J].计量技术,2002,04:35-36.
[25]李飞.基于Modbus的电磁流量计通讯系统的研究[D].浙江大学,2006.06.
[26]祝木田,师勇.ModBUS协议通讯的应用[J].微计算机信息,2004,06:9-10.
[27]李娜.基于MODBUS协议的智能仪表的设计[D].北京邮电大学,2008.06.
[28]王建平,张茂林,徐其林.Modbus协议和USB接口在工业控制上的应用[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版).2008,01:68-72.
[29]黄育和,程韬波.基于Modbus RTU协议的数字智能模块的设计[J].机电工程技术.2007,05:38-40,58.
[30]MODICON Inc.Modbus Protocol Reference Guide[Z].PI-MBUS-300 Rev.J,June 1996.
[31]孙月平,赵德安,曹莉.基于Modbus的智能工业控制器监控系统的设计[J].微计算机信息.2008,24:41-43.
[32]文小玲,易先军,钟晓霞.基于Modbus协议的实时温度监控系统开发[J].微计算机信息.2008,24:104-105.
[33]朱懿,蒋念平.ModBus协议在工业控制系统中的应用[J].微计算机信息.2006,22:118-120.
[34]黄琼.基于Modbus协议的通信控制系统的设计[J].自动化技术与应用.2008,01:42-44.
[35]向阳,徐景涛,董鹏永.基于MODBUS协议的CRC编码研究[J].太原科技.2007,09:40-41
[36]亓晓彬,杨宜民,张有松.一种基于Modbus协议的嵌入式工控系统人机交互的设计[J].广东工业大学学报.2008,01:62-65.
[37]黄建兵,段明亮.I~2C总线及其在MCS-51单片机系统中的应用[J].陕西科技大学学报.2008,02:103-109.
[38]贾焕,李长青,安葳鹏.基于I~2C,总线的通用存储器IC卡与单片机接口技术[J].河南理工大学学报.2005,08:296-300.
[39]王出航,狄婧.I~2C总线存储器的控制方法[J].长春师范学院学报(自然科学版).2008.08:30-32.
[40]周立功单片机发展有限公司.I~2C总线规范[Z].www.zlgmcu.com
[41]深圳市华胄科技有限公司.铁电存储器数据手册[Z].www.huazhoucn.com,www.ramtron.com.cn
[42]北京精电蓬远显示技术有限公司.内藏KS0108B/HD61202控制器图形液晶显示模块使用手册[Z].北京精电蓬远显示技术有限公司.
[43]李晶皎,刘天华,丁言镁.液晶显示器的C语言程序设计—Freescale 8位微控制器[M].科学出版社,2005.
[2]郑文波,阳宪惠.现场总线技术综述[J].机械与电子.1997,05.
[3]李正军.现场总线及其应用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[4]潘长清.基于Modbus协议的嵌入式数据通信系统研究[D].北京交通大学,2007.12.
[5]张民.浅谈现场总线及发展前景[J].青海科技.2005,01:55-57.
[6]现场总线的现状.http://baike.baidu.com/view/592856.htm
[7]Modbus通讯协议.http://www.cechinamag.com/Article/html/2007-01/200712084544.htm
[8]大步前进的Modbus.http://www.cechinamag.com/Article/html/2005-10/200511281032332f66a.htm
[9]周光宇,高为民,贺卫红.基于MODBUS协议的串行通信的设计与实现[J].湘南学院学报.2006,02:62-65.
[10]张琼,雷鸣,王铁.MODBUS通讯协议在串行通讯的应用[J].科技创新导报.2008,18:30.
[11]张益南,王文海.嵌入式Modbus/TCP协议的研究与实现[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术.2008,02:26-29,33.
[12]Modbus正式成为工业通讯领域现场总线技术国家标准.http://article.cechina.cn/2008-04/2008417070945.htm
[13]张道德.单片机接口技术(C51版)[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.
[14]赵学军.RS485总线测控模块的MODBUS扩展协议设计[J].自动化与仪表.2007,02:37-39.
[15]苏州和美光电科技有限公司.12864C LCD显示器用户手册[z].苏州和美光电科技有限公司.2004.
[16]戴佳,戴卫恒.51单片机C语言应用程序设计实例精讲[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007.
[17]赖麒文.8051单片机C语言环境实务与设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[18]夏路易,石宗义.电路原理图与电路板设计教程Protel 99SE[M].北京:北京希望电子出版社,2002.
[19]周立功单片机发展有限公司.LPC23XX用户手册[Z].www.zlgmcu.com
[20]Philips Semiconductors.LPC2364/6/8/78 User manual[Z].2006.www.semiconductors.philips.com
[21]MCU基本技术原理与发展历史.http://www.eeworld.com.cn/mcu/bkzs/200708/681.html
[22]ATMEL Corporation.AT89C55WD Data Sheet[Z].1921C-MICR0-3/05,2005.
[23]朱小襄.MODBUS通讯协议及编程[J].电子工程师,2005,07:42-44,55.
[24]潘洪跃.基于MODBUS协议通信的设计与实现[J].计量技术,2002,04:35-36.
[25]李飞.基于Modbus的电磁流量计通讯系统的研究[D].浙江大学,2006.06.
[26]祝木田,师勇.ModBUS协议通讯的应用[J].微计算机信息,2004,06:9-10.
[27]李娜.基于MODBUS协议的智能仪表的设计[D].北京邮电大学,2008.06.
[28]王建平,张茂林,徐其林.Modbus协议和USB接口在工业控制上的应用[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版).2008,01:68-72.
[29]黄育和,程韬波.基于Modbus RTU协议的数字智能模块的设计[J].机电工程技术.2007,05:38-40,58.
[30]MODICON Inc.Modbus Protocol Reference Guide[Z].PI-MBUS-300 Rev.J,June 1996.
[31]孙月平,赵德安,曹莉.基于Modbus的智能工业控制器监控系统的设计[J].微计算机信息.2008,24:41-43.
[32]文小玲,易先军,钟晓霞.基于Modbus协议的实时温度监控系统开发[J].微计算机信息.2008,24:104-105.
[33]朱懿,蒋念平.ModBus协议在工业控制系统中的应用[J].微计算机信息.2006,22:118-120.
[34]黄琼.基于Modbus协议的通信控制系统的设计[J].自动化技术与应用.2008,01:42-44.
[35]向阳,徐景涛,董鹏永.基于MODBUS协议的CRC编码研究[J].太原科技.2007,09:40-41
[36]亓晓彬,杨宜民,张有松.一种基于Modbus协议的嵌入式工控系统人机交互的设计[J].广东工业大学学报.2008,01:62-65.
[37]黄建兵,段明亮.I~2C总线及其在MCS-51单片机系统中的应用[J].陕西科技大学学报.2008,02:103-109.
[38]贾焕,李长青,安葳鹏.基于I~2C,总线的通用存储器IC卡与单片机接口技术[J].河南理工大学学报.2005,08:296-300.
[39]王出航,狄婧.I~2C总线存储器的控制方法[J].长春师范学院学报(自然科学版).2008.08:30-32.
[40]周立功单片机发展有限公司.I~2C总线规范[Z].www.zlgmcu.com
[41]深圳市华胄科技有限公司.铁电存储器数据手册[Z].www.huazhoucn.com,www.ramtron.com.cn
[42]北京精电蓬远显示技术有限公司.内藏KS0108B/HD61202控制器图形液晶显示模块使用手册[Z].北京精电蓬远显示技术有限公司.
[43]李晶皎,刘天华,丁言镁.液晶显示器的C语言程序设计—Freescale 8位微控制器[M].科学出版社,2005.