中国煤矿劳动安全规制问题研究
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摘要
所谓煤矿劳动安全规制就是指政府为保障煤矿工人在劳动过程中的安全和健康,在法律、技术、组织制度和教育等方面采取的各种措施,属于日益兴起的社会性规制中的工作场所安全规制的范畴。近年来,煤矿劳动安全规制在发达国家引起了政界与学界的广泛关注,取得了一系列的研究成果。国内学者近来也开始关注工作场所安全规制领域的研究,而对煤矿劳动安全规制的研究则主要集中于分析煤矿事故的原因、现行煤矿劳动安全规制政策的弊端以及煤矿劳动安全规制体制的改进措施等方面。但是,由于理论上的不足,尤其是从规制经济学视角来研究煤矿劳动安全规制的研究成果还较为缺乏,不够深刻和系统,从而在很大程度上影响了对煤矿劳动安全规制体制与体系改革的认识。
本文对于煤矿劳动安全规制改革研究的重要意义主要有两个方面：从理论分析的角度看,本文的研究既更加细化了我国对社会规制问题的研究,又明确了理论分析路径；从现实意义的角度看,当前我国矿难的频繁发生,严重阻碍了我国煤炭资源开采工作的健康有序发展,并危害到矿工的劳动安全,因而,对我国煤矿劳动安全规制问题作进一步的深入探讨,对于实现人与自然的和谐、人与人及人与社会的和谐,实现国家内部系统诸要素的和谐,都具有重要的现实意义。
本文的创新点主要体现在：一是提出中国煤矿劳动安全规制的中观框架,从而为研究中国煤矿劳动安全规制提供了一个新视角；二是通过分析规制者、被规制者和规制受益者三方博弈分析了中国煤矿劳动安全规制的问题及深层次原因；三是从规制体制和规制体系两个方面,提出了深化中国煤矿劳动安全规制改革的政策性建议。
本文的研究方法主要以煤矿劳动安全规制为研究对象,运用规制经济学、博弈论、制度经济学、法经济学等相关理论作为分析工具,结合中国煤矿劳动安全规制的发展现状,参考其他国家的成功经验,为完善中国煤矿劳动安全规制提出了相应的对策建议。
全文除绪论外共分为五个部分,对我国煤矿安全问题进行了深入的探讨：
第一部分是煤矿劳动安全规制理论综述。对国内外煤矿劳动安全规制相关研究进行了总结与归纳,并从实证分析的角度出发,对国内外主要理论观点予以评述。
第二部分是煤矿劳动安全规制的经济学分析。运用动态博弈理论,对我国煤矿劳动安全规制进行了深入细致的经济学分析,并提出了我国规制政策优化的路径选择。
第三部分是对中国煤矿劳动安全规制现状、问题和成因的分析。通过对我国煤矿安全规制的历史演进及问题和成因的剖析,指出了中国煤矿安全规制中存在的深层次背景。
第四部分是主要发达国家煤矿劳动安全规制比较与借鉴。一些发达国家在煤矿劳动安全规制治理方面已经取得了一定的成果,对其借鉴并与我国实际情况相结合,对于我国煤矿劳动安全规制的完善具有重要意义。
第五部分是中国煤矿劳动安全规制的改革对策研究。在前面研究与借鉴国外经验基础上,本文对我国煤矿劳动安全规制未来改革和完善提出了一些具有建设性的意见和建议。
The so-called coal mine safety regulation refers to various measures in the feilds of law, technology, organization policy and education. These measures are taken by the government for the protection of mine workers' safety and health in the labor process. Coal mine safety regulation belongs to work place safety regulation area of the social regulation which is increasing rising nowadays. As an important component of mine safety regulation, workplace safety regulations policies caused widespread concern in academic circles and acquied a series of research results in developed countries. In recent years, domestic scholars also turned their attention to the field of research on workplace safety regulation. The research on mine safty regulation mostly focuses on the analysis on the cause of mine accidents and the disadvantages of existing coal mine safety regulation as well as the improvement measures of mine safety regulation system. All in all, the awareness and research on mine safty regulation has been greatly improved in China. Researchers in different disciplines have explored in different aspects. However, due to lack of theory, especially lack of research on coal mine safety regulation from the perspective of regulation economics, the economic anylysis on mine safty regulation is not deep and systematic, which largely affects exact understanding on the coal mine safety regulation system and the regulation policies.
This paper has great theoretical and practical significance for coal mine safety regulation reform. On the one hand, from the theoretical point of view, this paper not only makes more detailed study on Chinese social regulation 1 research, but also makes clear theoretical analysis path. From the practical point of view, the frequent occurrence of mine accidents in our country seriously hindered the exploitation of coal resources in China to develop healthily and orderly and threatened labor safety of the miners. Therefore, in the backgroud of building a harmonious society, deep anylysis on China's coal mine work safety regulation system reform has great practical significance in realizing the harmony between humans, human and nature as well as the hamarny between elements in the internal system.
This innovation is mainly embodied:one is the medium coal labor safety regulation framework for the study of Chinese coal labor safety regulation provides a new perspective, Through the analysis of the two is the regulation by the regulation, and the regulation of the beneficiaries of China coal tripartite game analysis problem of labor safety regulation and profound reason, Three from the regulation system and regulation system, put forward two aspects of deepening the reform of Chinese coal mine safety regulations of labor policy Suggestions.
The research object of this paper is coal production safty regulation issues. The analytical tools such as regulation economics, game theory, institutional economics, law economics and other relative theories are used in this paper. Combined with the development status of China's coal mine work safety regulation, and with the reference of successful experience of other countries, this paper offers proposes and solutions to improve China coal mine work safety regulation
The paper is divided into five parts to conduct in-depth anylysis on mine safety in China.
The first part is about the theories on coal mine work safety regulation. The coal mine safety researches at home and abrord are summarized and categorized in this paper. And from an empirical point of view, some major theoretical viewpoints have been learned.
The second part is the economic anylysis on coal mine work safety regulation.In this paper, dynamic game theory has been used to make in-depth and detailed economic anylysis on China's coal mine work safety. The paths to optimize regulation policies in China are proposed in this paper.
The third part is status, issues and causes of coal mine work safety regulation. This paper makes in-depth analysis on China's coal mine safety situation, and points out the background and important issues of China's coal mine safety.
The fourth part is the comparison and reference of coal mine work safety regulation in main developed countries. Some developed countries has made some achievements in coal mine safety management regulation. It will have great significance for the improvement and extension of China's coal mine work safety regulation to combine the reference with the reality of China.
The fifth part is research on the reform countermeasures to China's coal mine work safety rules and regulations. In the previous background of studying and learning foreign experience, the paper offers constructive suggestions for the future reform and improvement of China's coal mine safety regulation.
本文对于煤矿劳动安全规制改革研究的重要意义主要有两个方面：从理论分析的角度看,本文的研究既更加细化了我国对社会规制问题的研究,又明确了理论分析路径；从现实意义的角度看,当前我国矿难的频繁发生,严重阻碍了我国煤炭资源开采工作的健康有序发展,并危害到矿工的劳动安全,因而,对我国煤矿劳动安全规制问题作进一步的深入探讨,对于实现人与自然的和谐、人与人及人与社会的和谐,实现国家内部系统诸要素的和谐,都具有重要的现实意义。
本文的创新点主要体现在：一是提出中国煤矿劳动安全规制的中观框架,从而为研究中国煤矿劳动安全规制提供了一个新视角；二是通过分析规制者、被规制者和规制受益者三方博弈分析了中国煤矿劳动安全规制的问题及深层次原因；三是从规制体制和规制体系两个方面,提出了深化中国煤矿劳动安全规制改革的政策性建议。
本文的研究方法主要以煤矿劳动安全规制为研究对象,运用规制经济学、博弈论、制度经济学、法经济学等相关理论作为分析工具,结合中国煤矿劳动安全规制的发展现状,参考其他国家的成功经验,为完善中国煤矿劳动安全规制提出了相应的对策建议。
全文除绪论外共分为五个部分,对我国煤矿安全问题进行了深入的探讨：
第一部分是煤矿劳动安全规制理论综述。对国内外煤矿劳动安全规制相关研究进行了总结与归纳,并从实证分析的角度出发,对国内外主要理论观点予以评述。
第二部分是煤矿劳动安全规制的经济学分析。运用动态博弈理论,对我国煤矿劳动安全规制进行了深入细致的经济学分析,并提出了我国规制政策优化的路径选择。
第三部分是对中国煤矿劳动安全规制现状、问题和成因的分析。通过对我国煤矿安全规制的历史演进及问题和成因的剖析,指出了中国煤矿安全规制中存在的深层次背景。
第四部分是主要发达国家煤矿劳动安全规制比较与借鉴。一些发达国家在煤矿劳动安全规制治理方面已经取得了一定的成果,对其借鉴并与我国实际情况相结合,对于我国煤矿劳动安全规制的完善具有重要意义。
第五部分是中国煤矿劳动安全规制的改革对策研究。在前面研究与借鉴国外经验基础上,本文对我国煤矿劳动安全规制未来改革和完善提出了一些具有建设性的意见和建议。
The so-called coal mine safety regulation refers to various measures in the feilds of law, technology, organization policy and education. These measures are taken by the government for the protection of mine workers' safety and health in the labor process. Coal mine safety regulation belongs to work place safety regulation area of the social regulation which is increasing rising nowadays. As an important component of mine safety regulation, workplace safety regulations policies caused widespread concern in academic circles and acquied a series of research results in developed countries. In recent years, domestic scholars also turned their attention to the field of research on workplace safety regulation. The research on mine safty regulation mostly focuses on the analysis on the cause of mine accidents and the disadvantages of existing coal mine safety regulation as well as the improvement measures of mine safety regulation system. All in all, the awareness and research on mine safty regulation has been greatly improved in China. Researchers in different disciplines have explored in different aspects. However, due to lack of theory, especially lack of research on coal mine safety regulation from the perspective of regulation economics, the economic anylysis on mine safty regulation is not deep and systematic, which largely affects exact understanding on the coal mine safety regulation system and the regulation policies.
This paper has great theoretical and practical significance for coal mine safety regulation reform. On the one hand, from the theoretical point of view, this paper not only makes more detailed study on Chinese social regulation 1 research, but also makes clear theoretical analysis path. From the practical point of view, the frequent occurrence of mine accidents in our country seriously hindered the exploitation of coal resources in China to develop healthily and orderly and threatened labor safety of the miners. Therefore, in the backgroud of building a harmonious society, deep anylysis on China's coal mine work safety regulation system reform has great practical significance in realizing the harmony between humans, human and nature as well as the hamarny between elements in the internal system.
This innovation is mainly embodied:one is the medium coal labor safety regulation framework for the study of Chinese coal labor safety regulation provides a new perspective, Through the analysis of the two is the regulation by the regulation, and the regulation of the beneficiaries of China coal tripartite game analysis problem of labor safety regulation and profound reason, Three from the regulation system and regulation system, put forward two aspects of deepening the reform of Chinese coal mine safety regulations of labor policy Suggestions.
The research object of this paper is coal production safty regulation issues. The analytical tools such as regulation economics, game theory, institutional economics, law economics and other relative theories are used in this paper. Combined with the development status of China's coal mine work safety regulation, and with the reference of successful experience of other countries, this paper offers proposes and solutions to improve China coal mine work safety regulation
The paper is divided into five parts to conduct in-depth anylysis on mine safety in China.
The first part is about the theories on coal mine work safety regulation. The coal mine safety researches at home and abrord are summarized and categorized in this paper. And from an empirical point of view, some major theoretical viewpoints have been learned.
The second part is the economic anylysis on coal mine work safety regulation.In this paper, dynamic game theory has been used to make in-depth and detailed economic anylysis on China's coal mine work safety. The paths to optimize regulation policies in China are proposed in this paper.
The third part is status, issues and causes of coal mine work safety regulation. This paper makes in-depth analysis on China's coal mine safety situation, and points out the background and important issues of China's coal mine safety.
The fourth part is the comparison and reference of coal mine work safety regulation in main developed countries. Some developed countries has made some achievements in coal mine safety management regulation. It will have great significance for the improvement and extension of China's coal mine work safety regulation to combine the reference with the reality of China.
The fifth part is research on the reform countermeasures to China's coal mine work safety rules and regulations. In the previous background of studying and learning foreign experience, the paper offers constructive suggestions for the future reform and improvement of China's coal mine safety regulation.
引文
①李红霞等：《安全之经济学分析》.西安矿业学院学报,1997.3
②刘斌：《煤矿安全的政府规制分析》.世纪中国,2005.4
①汤道路：《煤矿安全监察主体的法律思考》河北法学,2005.9
①李毅中：《谈谈我国的安全生产问题》,国家安全生产监督管理总局网站,2006年
①刘铁民：《橙色GDP极其演变规律》,中国安全科学学报2005.4
①黄盛初主编：《2005年世界煤炭发展报告》,煤炭工业出版社,2006
①刘权衡《矿政执法不可缺位》国土资源,2005.10
②周其仁：《治理矿难的经济分析》,经济观察报2005.11
①王寒秋：《煤矿安全投入与经济效益关系》中国煤炭,2005..5
②王显政、黄盛初、胡予红、彭成：《安全生产与经济社会发展研究》,中国安全生产年鉴2004煤炭工业出版社,2005
①中国能源网,www.china5e.com
②李毅中：《谈谈我国的安全生产问题》,人民网,www.people.com.cn
③中国煤炭城市联合发展促进会：《中国煤炭大全》,北京：中国物资出版处,1992年版,第37页。
①李毅中：《谈谈我国的安全生产问题》,人民网,www.people.com.cn
②《中国煤炭志》编纂委员会：《中国煤炭志·综合卷》,北京：中国煤炭工业出版社,1999年版。
①肖兴志：《中国煤矿安全规制经济分析》.首都经济贸易大学出版社,2009
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②刘斌：《煤矿安全的政府规制分析》.世纪中国,2005.4
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