浅海养殖围网设施水动力性能的初步研究
|
摘要
浅海围网养殖是一种生态的、健康的海水养殖方式，围网设施与其它渔业工程一样，在海上敷设养殖生产时与风、浪、流等海洋水文因子发生作用，养殖效能和设施安全性能与其承受的水动力有关，因而研究围网及其主要构件在水流和波浪条件下的水动力性能，特别是浮绳式围网的框架纲、系泊纲的水动力特性是非常重要的。
本研究是依据渔具力学和海洋工程力学等理论，结合围网敷设海域的基本条件和水文情况，参照围网实物设计，制作围网模型，进行波浪和水流的模型水槽试验研究，分析围网的水动力特性，并结合围网的水阻力理论计算研究了围网贴底防逃、系泊等性能。
首先进行围网模型浮绳框架纲水动力特性的水槽试验。按照实际生产情况，根据田内渔具模型试验准则，设计、制作长宽高尺寸均为1m的浮绳式围网模型，选择预加张力系泊方法，在日本东京大学的动水槽进行模型试验，分析研究框架纲水动力的变化规律。试验工况为均匀流速和规则波浪，流速为10cm/s、20cm/s，周期为1.2s-2.0s（间隔0.2s），波高为9-25cm（间隔4cm）。试验结果：（1）在水流作用下，迎流纲和背流纲会随流速的变化而发生松弛和拉紧状态的变化，而侧向纲随着流速增大由松驰变为拉紧。（2）在水流和波浪共同作用下，框架纲上的水动力呈周期性、不对称变化，水动力变化周期大致和波浪的周期保持一致；在流速和波浪周期试验工况分别相同时，框架纲的水动力极值是随着波高的增加而呈线性增大，当流速为10cm/s时，迎浪纲水动力极值比背浪纲的要大，当流速为20cm/s时，情况正好相反；在相同波浪条件下，当流速由10cm/s变为20cm/s时，前端迎流纲处的水动力均降低，而两根侧向纲和后端背流纲处的水动力有较大增加。
其次进行围网模型系泊纲水动力特性的水槽试验。同样采用预加张力系泊方法和依据田内准则，设计、制作周长为5.83m，高度为4.5m的围网模型，在浙江海洋学院渔具水动力静水槽进行波浪试验，研究分析系泊纲水动力的变化规律。试验波浪为规则波，在工况周期（1.0、1.26、1.42、1.68、2.0s）下，进行28种不同波高工况试验：围网系泊纲波浪力的变化与试验波相似，呈周期性、不对称变化；在同一周期下系泊纲波浪力极值随波高呈现线性增大变化，而波浪力与周期的关系较复杂；应用傅里叶变换等计算方法分析波浪力成分，围网波浪力成分主要由漂移力和2个激振力组成，与网箱的波浪力成分、网衣垂直与波浪方向时的波浪力成分组成相类似，同时对波浪力变化规律进行计算，其模拟结论和模型水槽波浪试验情况比较接近。
最后按照渔具力学理论进行围网水动力计算。结合围网敷设条件、围网结构特征和主尺度，对围网进行水动力计算，分析围网贴底结构所承受的水动力。在极限工况且浮筒一半浸没在水中时，单位宽度网衣在海底处的最大张力为1654.14N，垂直方向的最大拉力为434.36N，为了能使网衣贴底防止鱼类从底部逃逸，提高围网下纲的抗拨性，则至少需要直径4.5cm的锚链用于下纲沉子贴底，确保围网海上安全生产。
通过对围网水动力学的理论分析、水槽试验和理论计算，初步得出了浅海围网设施的水动力变化规律，为围网设计、制作、海上敷设和围网设施抗风浪能力、防逃性能等研究提供理论依据和技术支撑，也为渔具力学的发展提供了基础理论。
Seine aquaculture in offshore is an ecological and healthy marine aquaculture model,which facilities are similar to other fisheries engineering, is responded by oceanhydrological factors such as winds, waves and currents when applied to production jobs. Itssecurity and productiveness are correlated with the hydrodynamics on the seine. Therefore,it is very important to study about the hydrodynamics on the seine and its main componentsunder the conditions of the currents and waves, for example, the hydrodynamiccharacteristics on the floating frame rope, mooring rope.
Based on the fishing gear mechanics and marine engineering mechanics theory, themodel flume experiments of wave and current have been carried out according to the basicconditions and the hydrological conditions of the seine mooring area, reference to thephysical design and production of seine model. The hydrodynamic characteristics of theseine has been analyzed, the functions of the seine affixed on the bottom to preventescaping and mooring and so on have been presented by the theoretical calculation of waterresistance to the seine.
First, the experiments of the hydrodynamic characteristics on seine floating ropes inframe have carried out. According to the actual production and model test on Tauti Ruler,the floating rope seine model (the dimensions of length, width and height are all one meter)was designed and producted. We have used the method of pre-tension mooring, carring outto study on the law of variation of frame outline hydrodynamic, in the flume in Universityof Tokyo, Japan. The uniform speeds of currents and regular waves are generated in theexperiment. The speeds of currents are l0cm/s and20cm/s, and the wave periods from1.2sto2.0s (0.2s interval), the wave height is from9to25cm (4cm interval). The conclusions ofthe experiment are presented as follows:(1) With the change of velocities，forward andbackward frame outline are changed by the state of relaxation and tension under the actionof currents, but the side of frame outline are changed from relaxation to tension with thecurrent increase.(2) The change of hydrodynamic on the frame outline is cyclical、asymmetric under the interaction of currents and waves, the hydrodynamic periods isconsistent with the wave period. The certain test conditions which both same in the currentvelocity and wave periods, maximum value of hydrodynamic force with four frame outlineincreases as the wave height increases, they show a linear relationship. When the velocityof current is10cm/s, the maximum value of hydrodynamic force in the forward frame outline large than the backward frame outline, when the velocity of current is20cm/s, thesituation is opposite. When the velocity of current from10cm/s to20cm/s, thehydrodynamic force of forward frame outline on the seine become lower. But thehydrodynamic force of two sides frames outline and backward frame outline become larger.
Second, the experiments of the hydrodynamic characteristics on seine mooring ropesby model flume have been operated too. The pre-tension mooring method was selectedbased on the Tauti Ruler, the seine model (the perimeter is5.83m, height is4.5m) wasdesigned. This experiment was carried out wave testing to study on the law of variation ofmooring outline hydrodynamic, tested in Zhejiang Ocean University gearing hydrodynamicstatic flume. The test condition is wave periods (1.0s,1.26s,1.42s,1.68s and2.0s), a total is28different conditions, and the wave is regular wave. When the testing conditions aredifferent, the wave force on seine of the mooring outline changes periodically andasymmetrically, which is similar to the experimental waves. At the same period, themaximum wave force basically grows with the increasing of wave heights, while as to thewave periods, their correspondence is relatively complex. According Fourier transform tocalculate and analyze the ingredients of the wave force, which contains drift force and twomultiple exciting forces. It is similar to the composition of the cage wave force, the netwave force component that perpendicular to the wave direction. At the same time, thevariation regular of wave force was calculated，and the coincided results between thesimulation value and the experiment relatively was presented.
Finally, we calculate seine hydrodynamic force in accordance with the fishing gearmechanics theory. Combing with the seine laying conditions, structural, features and themain dimensions, calculating seine hydrodynamic force, then analyzing the affixed bottomstructure to withstand the hydrodynamic forces on the seine. The pontoon completelysubmerged in water with in the limit conditions; the unit width of the net in the tension ofthe seabed is2222.17N. In order to enable net paste the bottom, prevent fish escaping fromthe bottom, and improve the following outline of seine anti allocated at least needs4.5cmdiameter anchor chain to affixed bottom the sinker for the following outline, to ensure thatseine production safety in ocean.
Based on the theoretical analysis on the seine hydrodynamic, flume experiments andcalculations, the variation regular of the hydrodynamic force to the seine facility onoffshore were carried out, for designing, producing, laying on offshore with seine facilityand the study about seine facilities anti-wave ability, preventing escape characteristicprovide a theoretical basis and technical supports, as well as provide a basis for the development of fishing gear mechanics theory.
本研究是依据渔具力学和海洋工程力学等理论，结合围网敷设海域的基本条件和水文情况，参照围网实物设计，制作围网模型，进行波浪和水流的模型水槽试验研究，分析围网的水动力特性，并结合围网的水阻力理论计算研究了围网贴底防逃、系泊等性能。
首先进行围网模型浮绳框架纲水动力特性的水槽试验。按照实际生产情况，根据田内渔具模型试验准则，设计、制作长宽高尺寸均为1m的浮绳式围网模型，选择预加张力系泊方法，在日本东京大学的动水槽进行模型试验，分析研究框架纲水动力的变化规律。试验工况为均匀流速和规则波浪，流速为10cm/s、20cm/s，周期为1.2s-2.0s（间隔0.2s），波高为9-25cm（间隔4cm）。试验结果：（1）在水流作用下，迎流纲和背流纲会随流速的变化而发生松弛和拉紧状态的变化，而侧向纲随着流速增大由松驰变为拉紧。（2）在水流和波浪共同作用下，框架纲上的水动力呈周期性、不对称变化，水动力变化周期大致和波浪的周期保持一致；在流速和波浪周期试验工况分别相同时，框架纲的水动力极值是随着波高的增加而呈线性增大，当流速为10cm/s时，迎浪纲水动力极值比背浪纲的要大，当流速为20cm/s时，情况正好相反；在相同波浪条件下，当流速由10cm/s变为20cm/s时，前端迎流纲处的水动力均降低，而两根侧向纲和后端背流纲处的水动力有较大增加。
其次进行围网模型系泊纲水动力特性的水槽试验。同样采用预加张力系泊方法和依据田内准则，设计、制作周长为5.83m，高度为4.5m的围网模型，在浙江海洋学院渔具水动力静水槽进行波浪试验，研究分析系泊纲水动力的变化规律。试验波浪为规则波，在工况周期（1.0、1.26、1.42、1.68、2.0s）下，进行28种不同波高工况试验：围网系泊纲波浪力的变化与试验波相似，呈周期性、不对称变化；在同一周期下系泊纲波浪力极值随波高呈现线性增大变化，而波浪力与周期的关系较复杂；应用傅里叶变换等计算方法分析波浪力成分，围网波浪力成分主要由漂移力和2个激振力组成，与网箱的波浪力成分、网衣垂直与波浪方向时的波浪力成分组成相类似，同时对波浪力变化规律进行计算，其模拟结论和模型水槽波浪试验情况比较接近。
最后按照渔具力学理论进行围网水动力计算。结合围网敷设条件、围网结构特征和主尺度，对围网进行水动力计算，分析围网贴底结构所承受的水动力。在极限工况且浮筒一半浸没在水中时，单位宽度网衣在海底处的最大张力为1654.14N，垂直方向的最大拉力为434.36N，为了能使网衣贴底防止鱼类从底部逃逸，提高围网下纲的抗拨性，则至少需要直径4.5cm的锚链用于下纲沉子贴底，确保围网海上安全生产。
通过对围网水动力学的理论分析、水槽试验和理论计算，初步得出了浅海围网设施的水动力变化规律，为围网设计、制作、海上敷设和围网设施抗风浪能力、防逃性能等研究提供理论依据和技术支撑，也为渔具力学的发展提供了基础理论。
Seine aquaculture in offshore is an ecological and healthy marine aquaculture model,which facilities are similar to other fisheries engineering, is responded by oceanhydrological factors such as winds, waves and currents when applied to production jobs. Itssecurity and productiveness are correlated with the hydrodynamics on the seine. Therefore,it is very important to study about the hydrodynamics on the seine and its main componentsunder the conditions of the currents and waves, for example, the hydrodynamiccharacteristics on the floating frame rope, mooring rope.
Based on the fishing gear mechanics and marine engineering mechanics theory, themodel flume experiments of wave and current have been carried out according to the basicconditions and the hydrological conditions of the seine mooring area, reference to thephysical design and production of seine model. The hydrodynamic characteristics of theseine has been analyzed, the functions of the seine affixed on the bottom to preventescaping and mooring and so on have been presented by the theoretical calculation of waterresistance to the seine.
First, the experiments of the hydrodynamic characteristics on seine floating ropes inframe have carried out. According to the actual production and model test on Tauti Ruler,the floating rope seine model (the dimensions of length, width and height are all one meter)was designed and producted. We have used the method of pre-tension mooring, carring outto study on the law of variation of frame outline hydrodynamic, in the flume in Universityof Tokyo, Japan. The uniform speeds of currents and regular waves are generated in theexperiment. The speeds of currents are l0cm/s and20cm/s, and the wave periods from1.2sto2.0s (0.2s interval), the wave height is from9to25cm (4cm interval). The conclusions ofthe experiment are presented as follows:(1) With the change of velocities，forward andbackward frame outline are changed by the state of relaxation and tension under the actionof currents, but the side of frame outline are changed from relaxation to tension with thecurrent increase.(2) The change of hydrodynamic on the frame outline is cyclical、asymmetric under the interaction of currents and waves, the hydrodynamic periods isconsistent with the wave period. The certain test conditions which both same in the currentvelocity and wave periods, maximum value of hydrodynamic force with four frame outlineincreases as the wave height increases, they show a linear relationship. When the velocityof current is10cm/s, the maximum value of hydrodynamic force in the forward frame outline large than the backward frame outline, when the velocity of current is20cm/s, thesituation is opposite. When the velocity of current from10cm/s to20cm/s, thehydrodynamic force of forward frame outline on the seine become lower. But thehydrodynamic force of two sides frames outline and backward frame outline become larger.
Second, the experiments of the hydrodynamic characteristics on seine mooring ropesby model flume have been operated too. The pre-tension mooring method was selectedbased on the Tauti Ruler, the seine model (the perimeter is5.83m, height is4.5m) wasdesigned. This experiment was carried out wave testing to study on the law of variation ofmooring outline hydrodynamic, tested in Zhejiang Ocean University gearing hydrodynamicstatic flume. The test condition is wave periods (1.0s,1.26s,1.42s,1.68s and2.0s), a total is28different conditions, and the wave is regular wave. When the testing conditions aredifferent, the wave force on seine of the mooring outline changes periodically andasymmetrically, which is similar to the experimental waves. At the same period, themaximum wave force basically grows with the increasing of wave heights, while as to thewave periods, their correspondence is relatively complex. According Fourier transform tocalculate and analyze the ingredients of the wave force, which contains drift force and twomultiple exciting forces. It is similar to the composition of the cage wave force, the netwave force component that perpendicular to the wave direction. At the same time, thevariation regular of wave force was calculated，and the coincided results between thesimulation value and the experiment relatively was presented.
Finally, we calculate seine hydrodynamic force in accordance with the fishing gearmechanics theory. Combing with the seine laying conditions, structural, features and themain dimensions, calculating seine hydrodynamic force, then analyzing the affixed bottomstructure to withstand the hydrodynamic forces on the seine. The pontoon completelysubmerged in water with in the limit conditions; the unit width of the net in the tension ofthe seabed is2222.17N. In order to enable net paste the bottom, prevent fish escaping fromthe bottom, and improve the following outline of seine anti allocated at least needs4.5cmdiameter anchor chain to affixed bottom the sinker for the following outline, to ensure thatseine production safety in ocean.
Based on the theoretical analysis on the seine hydrodynamic, flume experiments andcalculations, the variation regular of the hydrodynamic force to the seine facility onoffshore were carried out, for designing, producing, laying on offshore with seine facilityand the study about seine facilities anti-wave ability, preventing escape characteristicprovide a theoretical basis and technical supports, as well as provide a basis for the development of fishing gear mechanics theory.
引文
[1]世界海洋渔业生产：威海渔业网，2009-5-21：
[2]孙吉亭.中国海洋渔业可持续发展，中国海洋大学，2003．
[3]傅秀梅.中国近海生物资源保护性开发与可持续利用研究，博士论文，中国海洋大学，2008．
[4]涂忠.山东省渔业资源修复功能区划，硕士论文，中国海洋大学，2008．
[5]马朝彬.河流围网养殖技术[J].现代农业科技(上半月刊)，2006，(09)：177.
[6]王秀梅,宋友坤.湖泊围网养殖与水环境保护[J].污染防治技术，2006，19(6):40~43.
[7] Aarnses, J., Rudi, H., Loland, G.. Current forces on cage, net deflection. Engineering forOffshore Fish Farming. Thomas Telford,1990:137-152.
[8] Baranow, F.I. Theory and assessment of fishing gear. Fish Industry Press, Moscow.1948.
[9] Fridman, A.L. Theory and design of commercial fishing gear. Israel program for scientifictranslations.1973, Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv.489pp.
[10] Best, N.A., Goudey, C.A., Ericsson J.D. Model tests of the Sea Trek Barrel cage. OpenOcean Aquaculture, New Hampshire/Maine Sea Grant college Program Rpt,1996:399-419.
[11] Decew, J., Fredriksson, DW. Bugrov, L., et al. A case study of a modified gravity typecage and mooring system using numerical and physical models. IEEE Journal of OceanicEngineering,2005,30(1):47-58.
[12] Fredriksson, D.W., Decewa, J., Swift, M.R., et al. The design and analysis of a four-cagegrid mooring for open ocean aquaculture. Aquacultural Engineering,2004,32:77-94.
[13] Fredriksson, DW. Decew, JC., Tsukrov, I.,et al. Development of large fish farm numericalmodeling techniques with in situ mooring tension comparisons. Aquacultural Engineering,2007,36(2):137-148.
[14] Fredriksson, DW. DeCew, JC., Tsukrov, I. Development of structural modelingtechniques for evaluating HDPE plastic net pens used in marine aquaculture. OceanEngineering,2007,34(16):2124-2137.
[15] Fredriksson, D.W., Irish, J.D., Swift, M.R., et al. The heave response of a central sparfish cage. Transactions of the ASME,2003(125):242-248.
[16] Fredriksson, D.W., Muller, E., Swift, and M.R., et al. Offshore grid mooring net pensystem: design and physical model testing. Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering'99. Proceeding of the18th International Conference, Newfoundland Canada, AMSE,1999.
[17] Fredriksson, D.W., Muller, E., Swift, M.R., et al. Physical model tests of a Gravity-typefish cage with a single point, high tension mooring. Offshore Mechanics and ArcticEngineering '99. Proceeding of the18th International Conference, Newfoundland Canada,AMSE,1999.
[18] Fredriksson, D.W., Swift, M.R., Irish, J.D., et al. Fish cage and mooring system dynamicsusing Phsical and numerical models with field measurements. Aquacultural Engineering,2003,27:117-146.
[19] Fredriksson, D.W., Swift, M.R., Muller, E., et al. Open ocean aquaculture engineering:system design and physical modeling. Mar. Tech. Soc. J. Washington D.C.,2000,34(1):41-52.
[20] Goudey, C.A. Design and analysis of a self-propelled open-ocean fish farm. In: JoiningForces with Industry, Proceedings from the third international conference on open oceanaquaculture, Texas Sea Grant College Program,1998:7-30.
[21] Lee, H.H., Wang, P.W. Dynamic behavior of tension-leg platform with net-cage systemsubjected to wave forces. Ocean Engineering,2000,28(2):179-200.
[22] Lee, H. H., Wang, W, W. The dragged surge motion of tension-leg type fish cage systemsubjected to mufti-interaction among wave and structures. IEEE Journal of OceanEngineering,2005,30(1):59-78.
[23] Linfoot, B.T., Cairns, J., Poxton, M.G. Hydrodynamic and biological factors in thedesign of sea-cages for fish culture. Engineering for Offshore Fish Farming. ThomasTelford,1990:197-209..
[24] Linfoot, B.T., Hall M.S. Analysis of the motions of scale-model sea-cage systems. In:IFAC Symposium: Aquaculture'86. Norway, Trondheim,1986.
[25] Reville, K.M., Hall E.I., Ronning B. The design and modeling of a flatfish sea cage.Design project.Dept. of Civil and Offshore Engineering, Heroit-Watt University,Edinburgh Scotland,1995.
[26] Loverich, G.F., Croker, T.R. Ocean Spar net pen systems:32months of offshoreoperations. Fish Farming Technology Conference, Tronheim, Norway, August, l993.
[27] Loverich, G.F., Gace, L. Design and operation of an offshore sea farming system. In:Open Ocean Aquaculture, New Hampshire/Maine Sea Grant college Program Rpt,1996:495-512.
[28] J.M. Zhan, X.P. Jia, Y.S. Li, et al. Analytical and experimental investigation of drag onnets of fish cages, Aquacultural Engineering,2006,35(1):91-101.
[29] J.M. Zhan, W. Su, Y.X. Li, et al. Comparison of drags on fish cages of different shapes,China Ocean Engineering,2006,20(3):457-471
[30] Zhan, J.M., Li, Y.S., Jia, X.P., et al. Analytical and experimental investigation of drag onnets of fish cages. Aquacultural Engineering,2006,35(1):91-101.
[31]詹杰民，孙明光，胡由展等.深海抗风浪网箱的试验研究I—平面网和圆形网的试验研究.深水抗风浪网箱技术研究，北京:海洋出版社.2005:100-107.
[32] Zhao,Y.P., Li,Y.C., Dong,G.H.,et al. Numerical Simulation of the HydrodynamicBehaviour of Gravity Cage in Waves. China Ocean Engineering.2007,21(2):225-239.
[33]李玉成，宋芳，张怀慧，董国海.拟碟形网箱水动力特性的研究.中国海洋平台，2004,19(1):1-8.
[34]李玉成，宋芳，董国海，等.碟形网箱水动力特性的研究.海洋工程，2004,22(4):19-25.
[35]孙满昌，张健，钱卫国.飞碟型网箱水动力模型试验与理论计算比较.上海水产大学学报，2003,12(4):321-323.
[36]王鲁民，黄洪亮，王明彦.圆形重力式网箱阻力性能研究.中国海洋大学学报，2004,34(4):555-559.
[37]夏泰淳，张健.深水双锥型网箱的阻力估算.上海水产大学学报，2003,12(1):87-91.
[38]杨新华，高晓芳，陈雷.圆柱形沉浮式深海养殖网箱的受力分析.中国海洋大学，2004,34(6):1081-1084.
[39]章守宇，刘洪生.飞碟型网箱的水动力学数值计算法.水产学报，2002,26(6):519-527.
[40]郑国富，黄桂芳，藏天元.柔性结构养殖网箱的抗风浪性能试验报告.海洋湖沼通报，2001(1):26-30.
[41]马家志.浮绳式网箱的波浪水动力学水槽试验研究,硕士论文,浙江海洋学院，2010.
[42] Bessonneau, J.S., Marichal, D.. Study of the dynamics of submerged supple nets(applications to trawls). Ocean Engineering,1998,25(1):563-583.
[43] Chan, A.T., Lee, S.W.C. Wave characteristics past a flexible fishnet, Ocean Engineering,2001,28:1517-1529.
[44] Lader, P., Fredheim, and A. Modeling of Net Structures Exposed to3D Waves andCurrent. Open Ocean Aquaculture IV, St. Andrews, Canada,2001.
[45] Lader, P.F., Fredheim, A., Lien, E. Dynamic behavior of3D nets exposed to waves andcurrent. In: Proceedings of the20th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics andArctic Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, OMAE,2001.
[46] Lader, P.F., Fredheim, A., Lien, and E. Modeling of3D net structures exposed to wavesand current. Hydroelasticity in Marine Technology,2003:19-26.
[47] Takagi, T.K. Suzuki, T. Hiraishi. Develpoment of the numerical simulation method ofdynmaic fishing net shape. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,2002,68(3):320-326.
[48] Tsukrov, I., Eroshkin, O., Fredriksson, D., et al. Finite element modeling of net panelsusing a consistent net element. Ocean Engineering,2003,30:251-270.
[49] Wan, R., Hu, F.X., Tadashi, T. A static analysis of the tension and configuration ofsubmerged plane net. Fisheries Science,2002,68:815-823.
[50]郭根喜，陶启友.深水网箱圆柱形囊网与圆台形囊网的性能浅析.南方水产，2005,1(4):24-29.
[51] Song Wei-hua，Liang Zhen-lin，Wan Rong，etc. Experimental study on the effect of waveson netting panels at not normal to the wave direction，9th International WorkshopMethods for the Development and Evaluation of Maritime Technologies-DEMaT'09，University of Kinki, Japan,2010.12：95-114.
[52] Weihua Song, Zhenlin Liang, Hongfu Chi, et al. Experimental study on the effect ofhorizontal waves on netting panels, Fisheries Science,2006,72(5):967-976.
[53]宋伟华，梁振林，关长涛等.方形网箱水平波浪力的迭加计算和实验验证.海洋与湖沼，2004，35(3):202-208.
[54]宋伟华.网衣波浪水动力学研究，博士论文，中国海洋大学，2006．
[55]宋伟华，梁振林，赵芬芳等.单点系泊网衣构件波浪试验研究.海洋与湖沼，2005，36(3):201-207.
[56]宋伟华，梁振林，黄六一，吕永林，陈伯海.波浪经过网衣的特性研究.海洋与湖沼，2007，38(1):15-21.
[57] Suhey, J.D., Kim, N.H.Niezrecki, C. Numercal modeling and design of inflatablestructures application to open-ocean-aquaculture cages. Aquacultural Engineering,2005,33:285-303.
[58] Li, Y.C., Gui, F.K., Teng, B. Hydrodynamic behavior of a straight floating pipe underwave conditions. Ocean Engineering,2007,34:552-559.
[59]郝双户，董国海，宗智等.圆环在波浪作用下的非线性流固偶合分析.工程力学，2007,24(7):53-58.
[60]黄洪亮，王鲁民，王明彦等.网衣缩结对圆柱形网箱性能影响的初步研究.海洋渔业，2004,26(3):215-219.
[61]林德芳，关长涛，黄文强等.抗风浪网箱材料性能研究.海洋水产研究，2004,25(5):57-60.
[62]滕斌，郝春玲，郑艳娜.波流作用下深水网箱动力响应数值模拟的初析.第一届海洋生物高技术论坛论文集(上册)，舟山，2003:387-392.
[63]郑艳娜，董国海，桂福坤等.圆形重力式网箱浮架结构在波浪作用下的运动响应.工程力学，2006,23(A01):222-228.
[64] Chai-Cheng Huang, Hung-Jie Tang, Jen-Ya Pan. Numerical modeling of a single-pointmooring cage with a frontal rigid frame. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,2009,34(2):113-122.
[65] Chai-Cheng Huang, Hung-Jie Tang, Jin-Yuan Liu. Dynamical analysis of net cagestructures for marine aquaculture: Numerical emulation and model testing, AquaculturalEngineering,2006,35:258-270.
[66] Chai-Cheng Huang, Hung-Jie Tang, Jin-Yuan Liu. Effects of waves and currents ongravity-type cages in the open sea, Aquacultural Engineering,2008,38:105-116.
[67] Chai-Cheng Huang, Hung-Jie Tang, Jin-Yuan Liu. Modeling volume deformation of agravity cage that has distributed weights in the marine agricultural system, AquacultureEngineering,2007,37:144-157.
[68] Chun-woo LEE, Young-bong KIM, Gun-ho LEE, et a1.Dynamic simulation of a fish cagesystem subjected to currents and waves. Ocean Engineering,2008,35:1521-1532.
[69] Colbourne D.B., Allen J.H. Observations on motions and loads in aquaculture cages fromfull scale and model scale measurements. Aquacultural Engineering,2001,24:129-148.
[70]李玉成，陈昌平，董华洋等.重力式网箱锚碇型式优化的研究.中国造船，2005,46(增刊):98-104.
[71]李玉成，董国海，关长涛等.深水重力式网箱水动力特性研究报告.大连理工大学，2005.
[72]宋协法，万荣，黄文强.深海抗风浪网箱锚泊系统的设计.青岛海洋大学学报，2003,11(6):
[73]孙满昌，汤威.方形结构网箱单箱体型锚泊系统的优化研究.海洋渔业，2005,27(4):328-332.
[74]汤威，孙满昌，袁军亭等.不同张纲连接系统对碟形网箱浮环安全性能影响的分析.上海水产大学学报，2005,14(1):61-65.
[75] Tauti, M. A relation between experiments on model and full scale of fishing net. NipponSuisan Gakkaishi,1934;3:171-177.
[76] Tauti, M. The force acting on the plane net in motion through the water. Nippon SuisanGakkaishi,1934;3:1-4.
[77] Dickson, W. The use of model nets as a method of developing trawling gear. Modernfishing gear of the world (1),1957,166-174.
[78] Fridman, A.L. Theory and design of commercial fishing gear. Israel program for scientifictranslations.1973, Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv.489pp.
[79] Christensen, B.A. Hydrodynamic Modeling of Fishing Nets. IEEE Ocean75,1975,484-490.
[80] Ferro, R.S.T., Van, M.B, Hansen, K.E. An empirical velocity scale relation for modelinga design of large pelagic trawl. Fisheries Research,1996,28:197-230.
[81]佘显炜.计算渔具力学导论.上海：上海科学技术文献出版社，2001:218-247.
[82]李玉成，桂福坤，张怀慧等.深水养殖网箱试验中的网衣相似准则应用.中国水产科学，2005,12(2):179-187.
[83]桂福坤，李玉成，张怀慧.网衣受力试验的模型相似条件.中国海洋平台，2002,17(5):23-25.
[2]孙吉亭.中国海洋渔业可持续发展，中国海洋大学，2003．
[3]傅秀梅.中国近海生物资源保护性开发与可持续利用研究，博士论文，中国海洋大学，2008．
[4]涂忠.山东省渔业资源修复功能区划，硕士论文，中国海洋大学，2008．
[5]马朝彬.河流围网养殖技术[J].现代农业科技(上半月刊)，2006，(09)：177.
[6]王秀梅,宋友坤.湖泊围网养殖与水环境保护[J].污染防治技术，2006，19(6):40~43.
[7] Aarnses, J., Rudi, H., Loland, G.. Current forces on cage, net deflection. Engineering forOffshore Fish Farming. Thomas Telford,1990:137-152.
[8] Baranow, F.I. Theory and assessment of fishing gear. Fish Industry Press, Moscow.1948.
[9] Fridman, A.L. Theory and design of commercial fishing gear. Israel program for scientifictranslations.1973, Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv.489pp.
[10] Best, N.A., Goudey, C.A., Ericsson J.D. Model tests of the Sea Trek Barrel cage. OpenOcean Aquaculture, New Hampshire/Maine Sea Grant college Program Rpt,1996:399-419.
[11] Decew, J., Fredriksson, DW. Bugrov, L., et al. A case study of a modified gravity typecage and mooring system using numerical and physical models. IEEE Journal of OceanicEngineering,2005,30(1):47-58.
[12] Fredriksson, D.W., Decewa, J., Swift, M.R., et al. The design and analysis of a four-cagegrid mooring for open ocean aquaculture. Aquacultural Engineering,2004,32:77-94.
[13] Fredriksson, DW. Decew, JC., Tsukrov, I.,et al. Development of large fish farm numericalmodeling techniques with in situ mooring tension comparisons. Aquacultural Engineering,2007,36(2):137-148.
[14] Fredriksson, DW. DeCew, JC., Tsukrov, I. Development of structural modelingtechniques for evaluating HDPE plastic net pens used in marine aquaculture. OceanEngineering,2007,34(16):2124-2137.
[15] Fredriksson, D.W., Irish, J.D., Swift, M.R., et al. The heave response of a central sparfish cage. Transactions of the ASME,2003(125):242-248.
[16] Fredriksson, D.W., Muller, E., Swift, and M.R., et al. Offshore grid mooring net pensystem: design and physical model testing. Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering'99. Proceeding of the18th International Conference, Newfoundland Canada, AMSE,1999.
[17] Fredriksson, D.W., Muller, E., Swift, M.R., et al. Physical model tests of a Gravity-typefish cage with a single point, high tension mooring. Offshore Mechanics and ArcticEngineering '99. Proceeding of the18th International Conference, Newfoundland Canada,AMSE,1999.
[18] Fredriksson, D.W., Swift, M.R., Irish, J.D., et al. Fish cage and mooring system dynamicsusing Phsical and numerical models with field measurements. Aquacultural Engineering,2003,27:117-146.
[19] Fredriksson, D.W., Swift, M.R., Muller, E., et al. Open ocean aquaculture engineering:system design and physical modeling. Mar. Tech. Soc. J. Washington D.C.,2000,34(1):41-52.
[20] Goudey, C.A. Design and analysis of a self-propelled open-ocean fish farm. In: JoiningForces with Industry, Proceedings from the third international conference on open oceanaquaculture, Texas Sea Grant College Program,1998:7-30.
[21] Lee, H.H., Wang, P.W. Dynamic behavior of tension-leg platform with net-cage systemsubjected to wave forces. Ocean Engineering,2000,28(2):179-200.
[22] Lee, H. H., Wang, W, W. The dragged surge motion of tension-leg type fish cage systemsubjected to mufti-interaction among wave and structures. IEEE Journal of OceanEngineering,2005,30(1):59-78.
[23] Linfoot, B.T., Cairns, J., Poxton, M.G. Hydrodynamic and biological factors in thedesign of sea-cages for fish culture. Engineering for Offshore Fish Farming. ThomasTelford,1990:197-209..
[24] Linfoot, B.T., Hall M.S. Analysis of the motions of scale-model sea-cage systems. In:IFAC Symposium: Aquaculture'86. Norway, Trondheim,1986.
[25] Reville, K.M., Hall E.I., Ronning B. The design and modeling of a flatfish sea cage.Design project.Dept. of Civil and Offshore Engineering, Heroit-Watt University,Edinburgh Scotland,1995.
[26] Loverich, G.F., Croker, T.R. Ocean Spar net pen systems:32months of offshoreoperations. Fish Farming Technology Conference, Tronheim, Norway, August, l993.
[27] Loverich, G.F., Gace, L. Design and operation of an offshore sea farming system. In:Open Ocean Aquaculture, New Hampshire/Maine Sea Grant college Program Rpt,1996:495-512.
[28] J.M. Zhan, X.P. Jia, Y.S. Li, et al. Analytical and experimental investigation of drag onnets of fish cages, Aquacultural Engineering,2006,35(1):91-101.
[29] J.M. Zhan, W. Su, Y.X. Li, et al. Comparison of drags on fish cages of different shapes,China Ocean Engineering,2006,20(3):457-471
[30] Zhan, J.M., Li, Y.S., Jia, X.P., et al. Analytical and experimental investigation of drag onnets of fish cages. Aquacultural Engineering,2006,35(1):91-101.
[31]詹杰民，孙明光，胡由展等.深海抗风浪网箱的试验研究I—平面网和圆形网的试验研究.深水抗风浪网箱技术研究，北京:海洋出版社.2005:100-107.
[32] Zhao,Y.P., Li,Y.C., Dong,G.H.,et al. Numerical Simulation of the HydrodynamicBehaviour of Gravity Cage in Waves. China Ocean Engineering.2007,21(2):225-239.
[33]李玉成，宋芳，张怀慧，董国海.拟碟形网箱水动力特性的研究.中国海洋平台，2004,19(1):1-8.
[34]李玉成，宋芳，董国海，等.碟形网箱水动力特性的研究.海洋工程，2004,22(4):19-25.
[35]孙满昌，张健，钱卫国.飞碟型网箱水动力模型试验与理论计算比较.上海水产大学学报，2003,12(4):321-323.
[36]王鲁民，黄洪亮，王明彦.圆形重力式网箱阻力性能研究.中国海洋大学学报，2004,34(4):555-559.
[37]夏泰淳，张健.深水双锥型网箱的阻力估算.上海水产大学学报，2003,12(1):87-91.
[38]杨新华，高晓芳，陈雷.圆柱形沉浮式深海养殖网箱的受力分析.中国海洋大学，2004,34(6):1081-1084.
[39]章守宇，刘洪生.飞碟型网箱的水动力学数值计算法.水产学报，2002,26(6):519-527.
[40]郑国富，黄桂芳，藏天元.柔性结构养殖网箱的抗风浪性能试验报告.海洋湖沼通报，2001(1):26-30.
[41]马家志.浮绳式网箱的波浪水动力学水槽试验研究,硕士论文,浙江海洋学院，2010.
[42] Bessonneau, J.S., Marichal, D.. Study of the dynamics of submerged supple nets(applications to trawls). Ocean Engineering,1998,25(1):563-583.
[43] Chan, A.T., Lee, S.W.C. Wave characteristics past a flexible fishnet, Ocean Engineering,2001,28:1517-1529.
[44] Lader, P., Fredheim, and A. Modeling of Net Structures Exposed to3D Waves andCurrent. Open Ocean Aquaculture IV, St. Andrews, Canada,2001.
[45] Lader, P.F., Fredheim, A., Lien, E. Dynamic behavior of3D nets exposed to waves andcurrent. In: Proceedings of the20th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics andArctic Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, OMAE,2001.
[46] Lader, P.F., Fredheim, A., Lien, and E. Modeling of3D net structures exposed to wavesand current. Hydroelasticity in Marine Technology,2003:19-26.
[47] Takagi, T.K. Suzuki, T. Hiraishi. Develpoment of the numerical simulation method ofdynmaic fishing net shape. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,2002,68(3):320-326.
[48] Tsukrov, I., Eroshkin, O., Fredriksson, D., et al. Finite element modeling of net panelsusing a consistent net element. Ocean Engineering,2003,30:251-270.
[49] Wan, R., Hu, F.X., Tadashi, T. A static analysis of the tension and configuration ofsubmerged plane net. Fisheries Science,2002,68:815-823.
[50]郭根喜，陶启友.深水网箱圆柱形囊网与圆台形囊网的性能浅析.南方水产，2005,1(4):24-29.
[51] Song Wei-hua，Liang Zhen-lin，Wan Rong，etc. Experimental study on the effect of waveson netting panels at not normal to the wave direction，9th International WorkshopMethods for the Development and Evaluation of Maritime Technologies-DEMaT'09，University of Kinki, Japan,2010.12：95-114.
[52] Weihua Song, Zhenlin Liang, Hongfu Chi, et al. Experimental study on the effect ofhorizontal waves on netting panels, Fisheries Science,2006,72(5):967-976.
[53]宋伟华，梁振林，关长涛等.方形网箱水平波浪力的迭加计算和实验验证.海洋与湖沼，2004，35(3):202-208.
[54]宋伟华.网衣波浪水动力学研究，博士论文，中国海洋大学，2006．
[55]宋伟华，梁振林，赵芬芳等.单点系泊网衣构件波浪试验研究.海洋与湖沼，2005，36(3):201-207.
[56]宋伟华，梁振林，黄六一，吕永林，陈伯海.波浪经过网衣的特性研究.海洋与湖沼，2007，38(1):15-21.
[57] Suhey, J.D., Kim, N.H.Niezrecki, C. Numercal modeling and design of inflatablestructures application to open-ocean-aquaculture cages. Aquacultural Engineering,2005,33:285-303.
[58] Li, Y.C., Gui, F.K., Teng, B. Hydrodynamic behavior of a straight floating pipe underwave conditions. Ocean Engineering,2007,34:552-559.
[59]郝双户，董国海，宗智等.圆环在波浪作用下的非线性流固偶合分析.工程力学，2007,24(7):53-58.
[60]黄洪亮，王鲁民，王明彦等.网衣缩结对圆柱形网箱性能影响的初步研究.海洋渔业，2004,26(3):215-219.
[61]林德芳，关长涛，黄文强等.抗风浪网箱材料性能研究.海洋水产研究，2004,25(5):57-60.
[62]滕斌，郝春玲，郑艳娜.波流作用下深水网箱动力响应数值模拟的初析.第一届海洋生物高技术论坛论文集(上册)，舟山，2003:387-392.
[63]郑艳娜，董国海，桂福坤等.圆形重力式网箱浮架结构在波浪作用下的运动响应.工程力学，2006,23(A01):222-228.
[64] Chai-Cheng Huang, Hung-Jie Tang, Jen-Ya Pan. Numerical modeling of a single-pointmooring cage with a frontal rigid frame. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,2009,34(2):113-122.
[65] Chai-Cheng Huang, Hung-Jie Tang, Jin-Yuan Liu. Dynamical analysis of net cagestructures for marine aquaculture: Numerical emulation and model testing, AquaculturalEngineering,2006,35:258-270.
[66] Chai-Cheng Huang, Hung-Jie Tang, Jin-Yuan Liu. Effects of waves and currents ongravity-type cages in the open sea, Aquacultural Engineering,2008,38:105-116.
[67] Chai-Cheng Huang, Hung-Jie Tang, Jin-Yuan Liu. Modeling volume deformation of agravity cage that has distributed weights in the marine agricultural system, AquacultureEngineering,2007,37:144-157.
[68] Chun-woo LEE, Young-bong KIM, Gun-ho LEE, et a1.Dynamic simulation of a fish cagesystem subjected to currents and waves. Ocean Engineering,2008,35:1521-1532.
[69] Colbourne D.B., Allen J.H. Observations on motions and loads in aquaculture cages fromfull scale and model scale measurements. Aquacultural Engineering,2001,24:129-148.
[70]李玉成，陈昌平，董华洋等.重力式网箱锚碇型式优化的研究.中国造船，2005,46(增刊):98-104.
[71]李玉成，董国海，关长涛等.深水重力式网箱水动力特性研究报告.大连理工大学，2005.
[72]宋协法，万荣，黄文强.深海抗风浪网箱锚泊系统的设计.青岛海洋大学学报，2003,11(6):
[73]孙满昌，汤威.方形结构网箱单箱体型锚泊系统的优化研究.海洋渔业，2005,27(4):328-332.
[74]汤威，孙满昌，袁军亭等.不同张纲连接系统对碟形网箱浮环安全性能影响的分析.上海水产大学学报，2005,14(1):61-65.
[75] Tauti, M. A relation between experiments on model and full scale of fishing net. NipponSuisan Gakkaishi,1934;3:171-177.
[76] Tauti, M. The force acting on the plane net in motion through the water. Nippon SuisanGakkaishi,1934;3:1-4.
[77] Dickson, W. The use of model nets as a method of developing trawling gear. Modernfishing gear of the world (1),1957,166-174.
[78] Fridman, A.L. Theory and design of commercial fishing gear. Israel program for scientifictranslations.1973, Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv.489pp.
[79] Christensen, B.A. Hydrodynamic Modeling of Fishing Nets. IEEE Ocean75,1975,484-490.
[80] Ferro, R.S.T., Van, M.B, Hansen, K.E. An empirical velocity scale relation for modelinga design of large pelagic trawl. Fisheries Research,1996,28:197-230.
[81]佘显炜.计算渔具力学导论.上海：上海科学技术文献出版社，2001:218-247.
[82]李玉成，桂福坤，张怀慧等.深水养殖网箱试验中的网衣相似准则应用.中国水产科学，2005,12(2):179-187.
[83]桂福坤，李玉成，张怀慧.网衣受力试验的模型相似条件.中国海洋平台，2002,17(5):23-25.