鲆鲽类方形网箱水动力特性数值模拟
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摘要
鲆鲽鱼类因其具有生长速度快、蛋白质含量高、含热量低等多种优势而受到广大消费者的喜爱,成为了中国海水养殖业的重要养殖品种之一,如今鲆鲽鱼类工厂化养殖已经在中国各沿海地区大规模的形成。然而中国自从引进鲆鲽鱼类以来,一般都是以陆基工厂化养殖模式为主,这种养殖方法往往对能源的消耗相当大,尤其是对于地下水资源造成了特别严重的破坏,这样就使得节能低耗和低成本的鲆鲽鱼类养殖模式难以得到有效实现,因此,综观全局,发展离岸式鲆鲽类方形网箱养殖已成为不可阻挡的趋势。同时考虑到实际海域中风浪高、流速急等复杂海况会对用于养殖鲆鲽鱼类的方形网箱系统的各种性能提出更高的要求,对离岸式鲆鲽类方形网箱水动力特性进行相关研究已迫在眉睫,这是有效保障鲆鲽鱼类进行离岸深水网箱养殖的重要前提之一。本文主要对离岸式鲆鲽类方形网箱做一些基础性研究,用数值模拟的方法代替传统常用的现场实际观测和模型试验的方法,以期在一定程度上达到缩短设计周期和节省设计费用的目的。
论文《鲆鲽类方形网箱水动力特性数值模拟》是依托于国家自然科学基金项目、国家海洋“863”计划资助项目、高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助课题、国家自然科学基金创新群体、现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金以及山东省科技发展计划项目。本文研究过程中建立数学模型采用的是刚体运动学原理和集中质量法,利用数值模拟的方法对鲆鲽类方形深水重力式网箱在纯波浪和纯水流作用下的水动力特性进行了一定研究,研究的对象主要包括鲆鲽类方形网箱的浮架系统、配重系统及锚碇系统的运动和受力状况。
本文共分为五个部分：首先是绪论,主要是介绍鲆鲽类方形深水重力式网箱的相关研究背景、研究现状和进展以及本文研究的目的和意义。接下来的第二部分是对鲆鲽类方形深水重力式网箱系统各构件的数值模拟方法进行详细介绍,包括浮架、网衣、底框和锚绳这四个系统构件,此部分是后面接下来开展模拟研究工作的重要基础。第三部分对鲆鲽类方形深水重力式网箱在纯波浪作用下的运动响应进行了数值模拟研究,并利用物理模型的实验数据验证了数值计算模型的准确性,同时在此基础上模拟了不同底框配重和不同网衣高度对鲆鲽类方形网箱系统运动和受力的影响,最后比较了同样工况下鲆鲽类方形网箱与圆形重力式网箱的运动和受力情况。第四部分接着进一步对鲆鲽类方形网箱在水流工况下的水动力特性进行了模拟研究,分析比较内容与第三部分一致。最后一部分主要对本文所取得的研究成果进行了总结并提出了有待进一步进行研究的方向。
At present, the flatfish with special quality such as fast growth, high protein and low calories, etc has become a very important mariculture species in China, and an industry of mariculture has developed in the north coastal regions. However, the traditional land-based flatfish aquaculture in China caused high energy consumption and damaged groundwater resource seriously. Consequently, it is imperative to develop offshore flatfish aquaculture. As we all known, the net cages exposed to open ocean area have to suffer much more complicated sea conditions. In order to withstand the new challenge, the performance of cages need to be improved, and the study of the dynamic characteristics of the net cage system is around the corner, which is one of most important security factors for flatfish aquaculture. In this dissertation, a numerical model of the square gravity cage for flatfish culture is developed to replace the traditional methods of actual observation and model test in some extent, which is helpful to save time and reduce costs.
This paper is sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation Project, the National863High Technology Project, the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China, the Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System and the Shandong Foundation for Development of Science and Technology, China. In the dissertation, a numerical model based on rigid body kinematics and lumped mass method is built to simulate the hydrodynamic behavior of the float collar, the sinker system and the mooring system, which are the main parts to withstand the forces acting on the net cage structure.
The contents of the thesis are mainly composed of five parts. The first part is about the general introduction of the background, development, prospects and purpose of the research of net cages for flatfish. In the second part, the basic numerical method and theory of net cage system is given, which will be applied in the following sections. In the third part, after the validity of the simulated results is verified, the numerical simulations of the square gravity cage for flatfish exposed to waves are carried out and comparison is made with the round gravity cage. In the fourth part, the hydrodynamic properties of the square gravity cage for flatfish are investigated in current by numerical model, and the research content are as the same as the third part. At the end of the dissertation, the conclusion is given.
论文《鲆鲽类方形网箱水动力特性数值模拟》是依托于国家自然科学基金项目、国家海洋“863”计划资助项目、高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助课题、国家自然科学基金创新群体、现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金以及山东省科技发展计划项目。本文研究过程中建立数学模型采用的是刚体运动学原理和集中质量法,利用数值模拟的方法对鲆鲽类方形深水重力式网箱在纯波浪和纯水流作用下的水动力特性进行了一定研究,研究的对象主要包括鲆鲽类方形网箱的浮架系统、配重系统及锚碇系统的运动和受力状况。
本文共分为五个部分：首先是绪论,主要是介绍鲆鲽类方形深水重力式网箱的相关研究背景、研究现状和进展以及本文研究的目的和意义。接下来的第二部分是对鲆鲽类方形深水重力式网箱系统各构件的数值模拟方法进行详细介绍,包括浮架、网衣、底框和锚绳这四个系统构件,此部分是后面接下来开展模拟研究工作的重要基础。第三部分对鲆鲽类方形深水重力式网箱在纯波浪作用下的运动响应进行了数值模拟研究,并利用物理模型的实验数据验证了数值计算模型的准确性,同时在此基础上模拟了不同底框配重和不同网衣高度对鲆鲽类方形网箱系统运动和受力的影响,最后比较了同样工况下鲆鲽类方形网箱与圆形重力式网箱的运动和受力情况。第四部分接着进一步对鲆鲽类方形网箱在水流工况下的水动力特性进行了模拟研究,分析比较内容与第三部分一致。最后一部分主要对本文所取得的研究成果进行了总结并提出了有待进一步进行研究的方向。
At present, the flatfish with special quality such as fast growth, high protein and low calories, etc has become a very important mariculture species in China, and an industry of mariculture has developed in the north coastal regions. However, the traditional land-based flatfish aquaculture in China caused high energy consumption and damaged groundwater resource seriously. Consequently, it is imperative to develop offshore flatfish aquaculture. As we all known, the net cages exposed to open ocean area have to suffer much more complicated sea conditions. In order to withstand the new challenge, the performance of cages need to be improved, and the study of the dynamic characteristics of the net cage system is around the corner, which is one of most important security factors for flatfish aquaculture. In this dissertation, a numerical model of the square gravity cage for flatfish culture is developed to replace the traditional methods of actual observation and model test in some extent, which is helpful to save time and reduce costs.
This paper is sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation Project, the National863High Technology Project, the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China, the Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System and the Shandong Foundation for Development of Science and Technology, China. In the dissertation, a numerical model based on rigid body kinematics and lumped mass method is built to simulate the hydrodynamic behavior of the float collar, the sinker system and the mooring system, which are the main parts to withstand the forces acting on the net cage structure.
The contents of the thesis are mainly composed of five parts. The first part is about the general introduction of the background, development, prospects and purpose of the research of net cages for flatfish. In the second part, the basic numerical method and theory of net cage system is given, which will be applied in the following sections. In the third part, after the validity of the simulated results is verified, the numerical simulations of the square gravity cage for flatfish exposed to waves are carried out and comparison is made with the round gravity cage. In the fourth part, the hydrodynamic properties of the square gravity cage for flatfish are investigated in current by numerical model, and the research content are as the same as the third part. At the end of the dissertation, the conclusion is given.
引文
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[2]雷霁霖.鲆鲽类养殖新形势和发展动向[J].科学养鱼,2005,1(3)：4-5
[3]桂福刊,王炜霞,张怀慧.网箱工程发展现状及展望[J].大连水产学院学报,2002,17(1)：70-78.
[4]郭建平,吴常文.日本钢结构升降式大型深水网箱结构原理介绍[J].渔业现代化,2004(3)：26-27.
[5]徐君卓.国外大型深水养殖网箱类型介绍[J].中国水产,2001(10)：54-55.
[6]Ben-Enfraim U. The "Sub-Marine" offshore cage system [M]. In:Open Ocean Aquaculture, New Hampshire/Maine Sea Grant College Program Rpt,1996:327-336.
[7]Balchen J G. The state of the art in offshore fish farming [M]. In:Engineering for Offshore Fish Farming. Thomas Telford,1990:211-219.
[8]关长涛,林德芳,杨长厚,等HDPE双管圆形深海抗风浪网箱的研制[J].海洋水产研究,2005,26(1)：61-67.
[9]郭根喜,陶启友.深水网箱圆台形囊网的设计与制作[J].南方水产,2005,1(1)：49-53.
[10]谌志新,周江,于文松.多层结构鲆鲽鱼类沉式抗风浪网箱养殖试验[J].中国水产,2007(7)：70-71.
[11]贝维全,古荣锋,贾志军.浅谈近海浮绳式网箱的制作方法[J].水产科技,2010,3：33-34.
[12]陈连源,赵汉星.碟形升降式网箱的设计和制作[J].渔业现代化,2005(1)：39-41.
[13]张本.介绍一种近海养鱼张力腿网箱[J].渔业现代化,2002,6：36-37.
[14]赵云鹏.深水重力式网箱水动力特性数值模拟研究[D]：(博十学位论文).大连：大连理工大学,2007.
[15]Reville K M. Hall E. I., Ronning B. The design and modeling of a flatfish sea cage [C]. Design project. Dept. of Civil and Offshore Engineering. Heroit-Watt University. Edinburgh Scotland,1995.
[16]Linfoot B T, Hall M S. Analysis of the motions of scale-model sea-cage systems[C]. In:IFAC Symposium:Aquaculture'86. Norway, Trondheim,1986.
[17]Slaattelid 0. Model tests with flexible, circular floats for fish farming[C]. In: Engineering for Offshore Fish Farming. Thomas Telford,1990:93-106.
[18]Goudey C A. Design and analysis of a self-propelled open-ocean fish farm[C]. In: Joining Forces with Industry, Proceedings from the third international conference on open ocean aquaculture, Texas Sea Grant College Program,1998:7-30.
[19]Gosz M, Kestler M R, Swif t M R, et al. Finite element modeling of submerged aquaculture net pen system[C]. In:Open Ocean Aquaculture, New Hampshire/Maine Sea Grant College Program Rpt,1996:523-554.
[20]Gignoux H, Messier R H. Computational modeling for fin-fish aquaculture net pens[J]. Oceanic Engineering International,1999,3(1):12-22.
[21]Fredriksson D W, Swift M R, Irish J D, et al. Fish cage and mooring system dynamics using physical and numerical models with field measurements[J]. Aquacultural Engineering,2003(27):117-146.
[22]Paschen M, Winkel H J. Flow investigations of net cones[C]. In:Proceeding of the 4th International Workshop "DEMaT 99", University of Rostock, Germany,1999.
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