中部地区城乡统筹发展战略研究
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摘要
尽管中国改革开放30年来取得的成果举世瞩目,但由此带来的区域经济发展不均衡和城乡差距制约了中国进一步发展和和谐社会的构建。近年来中部地区发展相对滞后和城乡差距进一步扩大使得中部地区城乡统筹问题更加突出。2009年中国人均GDP达到3711美元,首次跃入全球排名前一百位,已经进入工业反哺农业阶段。同时,中国区域发展战略逐渐由非均衡发展转向均衡发展阶段,中央政府在2004年提出中部崛起战略的基础上相继成立武汉城市圈和长株潭城市群“两型”综合试验区。在这种背景下,研究和提高中部地区城乡统筹是我们深入贯彻“科学发展观”和构建和谐社会的重大举措和必然选择。
本研究采用定性和定量分析相结合,选取一定的指标体系构建了城乡统筹评价体系,十分全面地评价了全国和中部地区城乡统筹的基本情况。同时充分借鉴国外城乡统筹的基本经验和国内部分地区城乡统筹的实验,提出了中部地区城乡统筹的战略指导原则、实现目标和保障机制。
全文的主要创新和重要结论主要包括以下几个方面：
首先,选取12个城乡发展相对指标,构建了城乡统筹的评价指标体系,发现我国城乡差距总体趋势在不断拉大,但是拉大的速度在减缓,其中财政因子呈倒U型变化,而福利因子和生活因子呈波浪型变化。同时进一步分析了国内典型区域成都、北京和浙江城乡统筹发展经验,说明城乡统筹并没有统一的模式,必须依据各地区特点因地制宜。
其次,在分析中部地区城市化和农村产业化发展现状的基础上,运用主成分法横向分析了中部6省城乡统筹基本情况,发现河南经济统筹做得最好,湖南第二,湖北第三,安徽第四,江西第五,山西最后；而社会统筹状况江西最强、安徽第二、湖南第三、河南第四、湖北第五、山西最差；生活统筹状况湖北与江西处于相对优势地位；从整体来看,湖南城乡统筹状况最好,河南次之,江西略好于湖北,山西最差。同时通过纵向比较发现2005-2008年中部六省城乡统筹状况逐年好转,但湖北、湖南和安徽变化趋势比较平缓,河南城乡统筹状况提高最快,说明“中部崛起”战略极大地推动了中部城乡统筹发展。
再次,通过选取3个一级指标和21个二级指标比较了东部、中部、西部和东北四大板块的城乡统筹程度。结果表明东部地区的城乡统筹状况最好,东北地区第二,中部第三,西部最差。东北地区虽然城乡发展水平不如东部好,但是城乡发展差距最小,协调状况最强。东部与中部、西部相比,无论是在社会统筹、还是在经济和生活统筹方面都处于相对优势地位,中部地区仅强于西部地区。
最后,分析了中部地区城乡统筹的战略指导思想和基本原则,提出了总体目标和阶段目标,并指出了中部地区未来城乡统筹有三个战略重点—农村信息化战略、中部农业产业化战略、城市化发展战略和四大保障措施—机制体制创新、资金支撑、人才支撑和法制法规保障。
China has attracted worldwide attention and made a significant achievement since the implementation of the Opening and Reforming policy in the past 30 years. However, the concomitant imbalance on regional economic development and the disparity between rural and urban areas limit its further development as well as the establishment of a harmonious society. The problem of coordinated urban rural development in central China becomes more obvious, In 2009, China's GDP per capital reached US$3,711 and was within the top 100 countries in the world, which meant China had already entered into the period of industry re-feeding agriculture. Meanwhile, China's regional development gradually moved from imbalance to balance. In 2004, Chinese central government adopted Central Rising Strategy and founded Wuhan City Circle in Hubei province and the City Cluster of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan in Hunan province as pilot areas for developing a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society. It is under such a background that studying and improving urban-rural unification becomes a must for further implementing the "Scientific Development Concept" as well as establishing a harmonious society.
This paper adopts both qualitative and quantitative approaches including selecting a certain index system, establishing an evaluation system for coordinated urban rural development and conducting an overall assessment of the basic situation both in central areas and other parts of China. Furthermore, this paper uses relevant experience of other countries as well as the experiment from other parts of China and proposes the guiding principles, practical goals and safeguard mechanisms for urban-rural unification in central China.
The following are the main innovative points and important conclusions:
First of all, through the selection of 3 12 comparative indexes of urban-rural development and the establishment of an evaluation index system, this paper points out that the general trend of urban-rural disparity is still widening, but the speed of widening is slowing down. Meanwhile, the factor of finance presents an inverted U curve and the factors of welfare and life reveal a wavelike change. Through further analysis of development experience of urban-rural unification in typical areas like Chengdu, Beijing and Zhejiang province, the paper finds out that there is no unified mode for coordinated urban rural development. In other words, each place should figure out its own mode according to its unique features.
Secondly, based on the analysis of urbanization of central areas and the industrialization of rural areas, this paper uses the method of main component analysis to analyze the basic situations of 6 central provinces from a horizontal way and then finds out that Henan province is the best in economic unification, Hunan province ranks the second, Hubei province is No.3, Anhui province is No.4, Jiangxin province is No.5 and Shanxi province is the last one. Furthermore, this paper also points out that Jiangxi province is the best in social unification, Anhui province ranks the second, Hunan province is No.3, Henan province is No.4, Hubei province is No. 5 and Shanxi province is the last one. Referring to living unification, Hubei province stays comparatively the same advantageous position with Jiangxi province. Generally speaking, Hunan province is top of all in the development of urban-rural unification; Henan is the second; Jiangxi is slightly better than Hubei and Shanxi is the worst. Moreover, through the vertical way of comparison, the paper points out that the situation of urban-rural unification of these six provinces gradually became better and better from 2004 to 2008. However, the trends of changing in Hubei, Hunan and Anhui are comparatively slow, but the urban-rural unification development in Henan improves fastest. In short, the strategy of the rising of central China has greatly promoted the urban rural development of central areas.
Thirdly, through the selection of 3 first-level indexes and 21 second-level indexes together with the comparison of the eastern, central, western and northeastern parts of China, this paper finds out that the eastern area is the best in urban-rural unification development, northeast is the second, central China is the third and western China is the last. Although the urban-rural development level of the northeastern areas is lower than that of the eastern parts, yet their urban-rural development disparity is the lowest and thus their cooperation situation is the best. Compared with the central and western areas, the eastern areas are in a more advantageous position and the central areas are just slightly better than the western parts.
Finally, this paper also analyzes the basic guiding theory and principles of urban rural unification of central areas and brings forward the long term and short term goals, points out three important strategies, namely the informationization of rural areas, the industrialization of agriculture of central areas and urbanization strategy. More importantly, the paper also proposes four safeguard measures, which are innovation of administrative mechanism, financial support, intellectual support and legal assurance.
本研究采用定性和定量分析相结合,选取一定的指标体系构建了城乡统筹评价体系,十分全面地评价了全国和中部地区城乡统筹的基本情况。同时充分借鉴国外城乡统筹的基本经验和国内部分地区城乡统筹的实验,提出了中部地区城乡统筹的战略指导原则、实现目标和保障机制。
全文的主要创新和重要结论主要包括以下几个方面：
首先,选取12个城乡发展相对指标,构建了城乡统筹的评价指标体系,发现我国城乡差距总体趋势在不断拉大,但是拉大的速度在减缓,其中财政因子呈倒U型变化,而福利因子和生活因子呈波浪型变化。同时进一步分析了国内典型区域成都、北京和浙江城乡统筹发展经验,说明城乡统筹并没有统一的模式,必须依据各地区特点因地制宜。
其次,在分析中部地区城市化和农村产业化发展现状的基础上,运用主成分法横向分析了中部6省城乡统筹基本情况,发现河南经济统筹做得最好,湖南第二,湖北第三,安徽第四,江西第五,山西最后；而社会统筹状况江西最强、安徽第二、湖南第三、河南第四、湖北第五、山西最差；生活统筹状况湖北与江西处于相对优势地位；从整体来看,湖南城乡统筹状况最好,河南次之,江西略好于湖北,山西最差。同时通过纵向比较发现2005-2008年中部六省城乡统筹状况逐年好转,但湖北、湖南和安徽变化趋势比较平缓,河南城乡统筹状况提高最快,说明“中部崛起”战略极大地推动了中部城乡统筹发展。
再次,通过选取3个一级指标和21个二级指标比较了东部、中部、西部和东北四大板块的城乡统筹程度。结果表明东部地区的城乡统筹状况最好,东北地区第二,中部第三,西部最差。东北地区虽然城乡发展水平不如东部好,但是城乡发展差距最小,协调状况最强。东部与中部、西部相比,无论是在社会统筹、还是在经济和生活统筹方面都处于相对优势地位,中部地区仅强于西部地区。
最后,分析了中部地区城乡统筹的战略指导思想和基本原则,提出了总体目标和阶段目标,并指出了中部地区未来城乡统筹有三个战略重点—农村信息化战略、中部农业产业化战略、城市化发展战略和四大保障措施—机制体制创新、资金支撑、人才支撑和法制法规保障。
China has attracted worldwide attention and made a significant achievement since the implementation of the Opening and Reforming policy in the past 30 years. However, the concomitant imbalance on regional economic development and the disparity between rural and urban areas limit its further development as well as the establishment of a harmonious society. The problem of coordinated urban rural development in central China becomes more obvious, In 2009, China's GDP per capital reached US$3,711 and was within the top 100 countries in the world, which meant China had already entered into the period of industry re-feeding agriculture. Meanwhile, China's regional development gradually moved from imbalance to balance. In 2004, Chinese central government adopted Central Rising Strategy and founded Wuhan City Circle in Hubei province and the City Cluster of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan in Hunan province as pilot areas for developing a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society. It is under such a background that studying and improving urban-rural unification becomes a must for further implementing the "Scientific Development Concept" as well as establishing a harmonious society.
This paper adopts both qualitative and quantitative approaches including selecting a certain index system, establishing an evaluation system for coordinated urban rural development and conducting an overall assessment of the basic situation both in central areas and other parts of China. Furthermore, this paper uses relevant experience of other countries as well as the experiment from other parts of China and proposes the guiding principles, practical goals and safeguard mechanisms for urban-rural unification in central China.
The following are the main innovative points and important conclusions:
First of all, through the selection of 3 12 comparative indexes of urban-rural development and the establishment of an evaluation index system, this paper points out that the general trend of urban-rural disparity is still widening, but the speed of widening is slowing down. Meanwhile, the factor of finance presents an inverted U curve and the factors of welfare and life reveal a wavelike change. Through further analysis of development experience of urban-rural unification in typical areas like Chengdu, Beijing and Zhejiang province, the paper finds out that there is no unified mode for coordinated urban rural development. In other words, each place should figure out its own mode according to its unique features.
Secondly, based on the analysis of urbanization of central areas and the industrialization of rural areas, this paper uses the method of main component analysis to analyze the basic situations of 6 central provinces from a horizontal way and then finds out that Henan province is the best in economic unification, Hunan province ranks the second, Hubei province is No.3, Anhui province is No.4, Jiangxin province is No.5 and Shanxi province is the last one. Furthermore, this paper also points out that Jiangxi province is the best in social unification, Anhui province ranks the second, Hunan province is No.3, Henan province is No.4, Hubei province is No. 5 and Shanxi province is the last one. Referring to living unification, Hubei province stays comparatively the same advantageous position with Jiangxi province. Generally speaking, Hunan province is top of all in the development of urban-rural unification; Henan is the second; Jiangxi is slightly better than Hubei and Shanxi is the worst. Moreover, through the vertical way of comparison, the paper points out that the situation of urban-rural unification of these six provinces gradually became better and better from 2004 to 2008. However, the trends of changing in Hubei, Hunan and Anhui are comparatively slow, but the urban-rural unification development in Henan improves fastest. In short, the strategy of the rising of central China has greatly promoted the urban rural development of central areas.
Thirdly, through the selection of 3 first-level indexes and 21 second-level indexes together with the comparison of the eastern, central, western and northeastern parts of China, this paper finds out that the eastern area is the best in urban-rural unification development, northeast is the second, central China is the third and western China is the last. Although the urban-rural development level of the northeastern areas is lower than that of the eastern parts, yet their urban-rural development disparity is the lowest and thus their cooperation situation is the best. Compared with the central and western areas, the eastern areas are in a more advantageous position and the central areas are just slightly better than the western parts.
Finally, this paper also analyzes the basic guiding theory and principles of urban rural unification of central areas and brings forward the long term and short term goals, points out three important strategies, namely the informationization of rural areas, the industrialization of agriculture of central areas and urbanization strategy. More importantly, the paper also proposes four safeguard measures, which are innovation of administrative mechanism, financial support, intellectual support and legal assurance.
引文
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