正式性与信息性：科技英语介词短语之文本特点与翻译策略研究
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摘要
由于翻译界的研究重心一直都比较偏重于文学翻译，故此，科技翻译迄今尚未得到足够的重视，相关研究由于理论匮乏，也缺乏理论圆融度和较高的系统性。有鉴于此，本项研究即重点探讨科技翻译问题。本文的研究对象是科技英语文本中的介词短语。研究基于数理统计方法，并相机援用语义、句法、功能、文体及语用等语言学模式进行翔实分析，旨在捋清介词短语的分布特征、文体特征及其文本整合价值，而后再进一步厘定相关的翻译策略，以为语言学及翻译理论与实践提供理论观照和实际例证。本文着力研究介词短语高出现率的潜在原因，所提出的科技翻译标准及相关范式较之此前直观体悟式的探索更具理论高度和阐释力度，因而具有一定的学术及理论价值。
本文由6个章节组成。第1章在纵览国内外研究现状之后，即着笔为本项研究制定理论及分析框架(其中包括理论基础、研究方法、研究工具、数据收集及处理模式)，并证明了介词短语在科技英语中的高出现率具有统计学意义上的显著性和分析价值。在搜集整理相关论据之后，第2章到第4章即从多学科角度对其进行理论分析，通过文本“圆览”，以揭示介词短语在科技英语文本中其高出现率之内在动因。这3章分别采用了语义、句法、功能、文体及语用分析模式，旨在从不同的学科角度解释介词短语高出现率之理论缘由。在厘清介词短语在科技英语中的文本效果之后，第5章即运用相关结论于具体的翻译个案，以为厘定相关的翻译策略提供实证基础。最后，第6章为全文结论部分。
本文援用语言学工具，基于多种理论模式分析科技英语中介词短语的文本效果，取得了如下成果：1) 基于语义和句法分析，发现介词短语在科技英语中表达了丰富的意义，扮演了多种句法角色，诸如修饰语、补语、连接语等；2) 基于功能和文体分析，发现介词短语有助于形成各种主位结构、标记主位结构及述位结构，并由此以文体标记符的身份，通过文体前景化而使科技英语获得了正式性及信息性的文体特征；3) 基于语用学分析，发现介词短语在科技英语达到最佳关联方面功不可没。这些成果表明，介词短语在科技英语文本中数量大，文本效果亦很突出。此外，该研究于具体的翻译实践亦具一定的指导意义：1)
西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文第n页
汉英科技翻译应注意介词短语的高出现率，更应注意遵循并再现此种文体传统;
2)译者在处理介词短语时应从多学科方面考虑，以求较为理想的翻译等值;3)
译者还应充分考虑介词短语的文体效果，采用多种必要的翻译策略，追求与介
词短语最为匹配的对等表达。
本文有助于研究科技英语的文本特征及文体效果，更有助于科技翻译之具体
实践。后续工作可利用该研究模式着眼于科技英语其它显著的文体特点(如名
物化现象和被动语态的高出现率等)。再进一步则可运用这种研究方法从认知理
论和礼貌原则等角度探索介词短语的非文本特点。总之，该项研究于语言学理
论、翻译理论及其实践都不无裨益。
EST translation is selected as the topic of this study, because it is a problematic area that has not been discussed thoroughly and systematically, owing to the age-old bias on literary translation. The thesis thus describes a statistical approach, augmented with linguistic knowledge regarding semantic, syntactic, functional, stylistic and pragmatic dimensions, to EST translation, aiming at charting the distribution patterns of PP and exploring their textual contributions to the distinctive styles of EST. The discoveries achieved in the thesis would undoubtedly offer a stronger expressive power than the previous impressionistic and monotonous studies both on the explication of the hidden reasons for the frequent occurrences of PP and on the EST translation criteria and paradigm.
Consisting of 6 chapters, the thesis is a self-contained research entity. After the brief literature review both at home and abroad, chapter 1 lays the framework of the present study, including theoretical foundations, research methodology, instrumentation, data collection and processing, testifying to the fact that PP are statistically significant in terms of their high frequency in EST. Following the acquisition of the hard facts of PP, chapter 2 to chapter 4 constitute the multi-disciplinary approach to PP in hope of unraveling the enigma of the frequent occurrences of PP in EST by gaining a panorama of their contextual effects. Chapter
2 approaches the hard facts of PP from a semantic and syntactic perspective, chapter
3 a functional and stylistic perspective, and chapter 4 a pragmatic perspective. All these disciplinary analyses account for the hard facts about PP's high frequency in EST. After the textual interpretations of PP in EST are combed through, the findings are thus applied to EST translation cases in pursuit of a better translation equivalence in chapter 5. And at last, the thesis ends with chapter 6, also known as a conclusive chapter.
The multi-disciplinary approach to the textual interpretations of PP in EST has produced rewarding results: 1) the semantic and syntactic approach finds that PP exhibit diverse meanings and syntactic roles as a modifier, a complement, or an
adjunct; 2) the functional and stylistic approach finds that PP in EST engender the formation of various thematic types and marked themes, as well as rhematic structures, whereby achieving the formal and informative stylistic effects in EST by means of stylistic foregrounding as style markers; 3) last but not least, the pragmatic approach reveals PP's great contribution to the attainment of optimal relevance in EST. The crux of these findings is that PP, instead of idle phrases, are indeed great contributors in EST on account of their dominant part both in number and in effect. Additionally, the implications of this study are manifold in practical translation cases: 1) the Chinese-English translators of EST are supposed to comply with the typological conventions of EST, at least in terms of the high frequency of PP; 2) translators involved should take multi-disciplinary factors into account to achieve better translation equivalence while dealing with PP in translations; 3) it is desirable that translators ad
opt various strategies to seek proper PP equivalents in light of PP's typical textual attributes found in the research.
The findings in this study, as is believed, may shed some light on the study of the distinctive features of EST. Moreover, the findings should also produce a significant impact on EST translation. The thesis is nothing but a tentative research and it remains open to further discussion or improvement. Follow-up work could be the application of this model to accounting for other empirical phenomena of EST, such as nominalization and passivization. Another immediate direction is to implement this model in exploring PP's non-textual interpretations from cognitive perspective, politeness principle and the like. On the whole, this study is believed to be conducive both to EST translation researchers and their practitioners.
本文由6个章节组成。第1章在纵览国内外研究现状之后，即着笔为本项研究制定理论及分析框架(其中包括理论基础、研究方法、研究工具、数据收集及处理模式)，并证明了介词短语在科技英语中的高出现率具有统计学意义上的显著性和分析价值。在搜集整理相关论据之后，第2章到第4章即从多学科角度对其进行理论分析，通过文本“圆览”，以揭示介词短语在科技英语文本中其高出现率之内在动因。这3章分别采用了语义、句法、功能、文体及语用分析模式，旨在从不同的学科角度解释介词短语高出现率之理论缘由。在厘清介词短语在科技英语中的文本效果之后，第5章即运用相关结论于具体的翻译个案，以为厘定相关的翻译策略提供实证基础。最后，第6章为全文结论部分。
本文援用语言学工具，基于多种理论模式分析科技英语中介词短语的文本效果，取得了如下成果：1) 基于语义和句法分析，发现介词短语在科技英语中表达了丰富的意义，扮演了多种句法角色，诸如修饰语、补语、连接语等；2) 基于功能和文体分析，发现介词短语有助于形成各种主位结构、标记主位结构及述位结构，并由此以文体标记符的身份，通过文体前景化而使科技英语获得了正式性及信息性的文体特征；3) 基于语用学分析，发现介词短语在科技英语达到最佳关联方面功不可没。这些成果表明，介词短语在科技英语文本中数量大，文本效果亦很突出。此外，该研究于具体的翻译实践亦具一定的指导意义：1)
西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文第n页
汉英科技翻译应注意介词短语的高出现率，更应注意遵循并再现此种文体传统;
2)译者在处理介词短语时应从多学科方面考虑，以求较为理想的翻译等值;3)
译者还应充分考虑介词短语的文体效果，采用多种必要的翻译策略，追求与介
词短语最为匹配的对等表达。
本文有助于研究科技英语的文本特征及文体效果，更有助于科技翻译之具体
实践。后续工作可利用该研究模式着眼于科技英语其它显著的文体特点(如名
物化现象和被动语态的高出现率等)。再进一步则可运用这种研究方法从认知理
论和礼貌原则等角度探索介词短语的非文本特点。总之，该项研究于语言学理
论、翻译理论及其实践都不无裨益。
EST translation is selected as the topic of this study, because it is a problematic area that has not been discussed thoroughly and systematically, owing to the age-old bias on literary translation. The thesis thus describes a statistical approach, augmented with linguistic knowledge regarding semantic, syntactic, functional, stylistic and pragmatic dimensions, to EST translation, aiming at charting the distribution patterns of PP and exploring their textual contributions to the distinctive styles of EST. The discoveries achieved in the thesis would undoubtedly offer a stronger expressive power than the previous impressionistic and monotonous studies both on the explication of the hidden reasons for the frequent occurrences of PP and on the EST translation criteria and paradigm.
Consisting of 6 chapters, the thesis is a self-contained research entity. After the brief literature review both at home and abroad, chapter 1 lays the framework of the present study, including theoretical foundations, research methodology, instrumentation, data collection and processing, testifying to the fact that PP are statistically significant in terms of their high frequency in EST. Following the acquisition of the hard facts of PP, chapter 2 to chapter 4 constitute the multi-disciplinary approach to PP in hope of unraveling the enigma of the frequent occurrences of PP in EST by gaining a panorama of their contextual effects. Chapter
2 approaches the hard facts of PP from a semantic and syntactic perspective, chapter
3 a functional and stylistic perspective, and chapter 4 a pragmatic perspective. All these disciplinary analyses account for the hard facts about PP's high frequency in EST. After the textual interpretations of PP in EST are combed through, the findings are thus applied to EST translation cases in pursuit of a better translation equivalence in chapter 5. And at last, the thesis ends with chapter 6, also known as a conclusive chapter.
The multi-disciplinary approach to the textual interpretations of PP in EST has produced rewarding results: 1) the semantic and syntactic approach finds that PP exhibit diverse meanings and syntactic roles as a modifier, a complement, or an
adjunct; 2) the functional and stylistic approach finds that PP in EST engender the formation of various thematic types and marked themes, as well as rhematic structures, whereby achieving the formal and informative stylistic effects in EST by means of stylistic foregrounding as style markers; 3) last but not least, the pragmatic approach reveals PP's great contribution to the attainment of optimal relevance in EST. The crux of these findings is that PP, instead of idle phrases, are indeed great contributors in EST on account of their dominant part both in number and in effect. Additionally, the implications of this study are manifold in practical translation cases: 1) the Chinese-English translators of EST are supposed to comply with the typological conventions of EST, at least in terms of the high frequency of PP; 2) translators involved should take multi-disciplinary factors into account to achieve better translation equivalence while dealing with PP in translations; 3) it is desirable that translators ad
opt various strategies to seek proper PP equivalents in light of PP's typical textual attributes found in the research.
The findings in this study, as is believed, may shed some light on the study of the distinctive features of EST. Moreover, the findings should also produce a significant impact on EST translation. The thesis is nothing but a tentative research and it remains open to further discussion or improvement. Follow-up work could be the application of this model to accounting for other empirical phenomena of EST, such as nominalization and passivization. Another immediate direction is to implement this model in exploring PP's non-textual interpretations from cognitive perspective, politeness principle and the like. On the whole, this study is believed to be conducive both to EST translation researchers and their practitioners.
引文
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王佐良(1986)，《英语文体学论文集》，外语教学与研究出版社，北京．
王佐良(1991)，《论新开端：翻译研究集》，翻译与研究出版社，北京．
王佐良、丁往道(1987)，《英语文体学引论》，外语教学与研究出版社，北京．
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