基于SD的供应链环境下仓储式超市库存优化研究
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摘要
仓储式超市是近几年在我国兴起的一种新型零售业态,实行仓储与销售合一、批发和零售兼营的模式。在供应链管理环境下,为了应对激烈的市场竞争,仓储式超市必须采用系统、整体的观点研究整个供应链上物流和信息流的快速流动。由于在采购、销售等各种经营活动中都存在库存,库存水平直接关系到仓储式超市的资金周转和销售利润。因此,研究供应链管理环境下的库存系统对于仓储式超市经营管理具有十分重要的意义。
系统动力学(SD)的基本原理和建模方法是本文进行库存系统研究的基础。研究对象是供应商管理库存(VMI)模式与联合库存管理(JMI)模式下的仓储式超市库存系统。
本文首先分析了VMI模式和JMI模式下仓储式超市库存系统的业务管理流程,然后系统概要地介绍系统动力学方法的理论和建模步骤。在此基础上,以系统的观点,对VMI模式与JMI模式下的仓储式超市库存系统进行了系统边界分析和系统因果关系分析;然后运用系统动力学的理论和方法,利用系统动力学建模与模拟分析软件VENSIM建立了VMI模式与JMI模式下的仓储式超市库存系统的SD模型,并根据两个仓储式超市的经营销售数据,利用VENSIM软件分别对VMI模式与JMI模式下的仓储式超市库存系统SD模型作了多方案的仿真模拟,最后基于仿真结果提出VMI模式与JMI模式下仓储式超市库存系统的库存优化建议。
本文的现实意义在于把系统动力学中对企业存储环节的一般性研究具体到供应链管理环境下的仓储式超市库存系统的研究中来,通过建立起相应的SD模型并进行多方案的仿真模拟,通过对仿真结果的分析力图为供应链管理环境下的仓储式超市进行库存优化提供一些借鉴。
The warehouse supermarkets have emerged as a new retail concept in China over the recent years, which is characterized by a business model integrating warehousing and sales functions while offering both wholesale and retail services. Under a supply chain management context, the warehouse supermarkets have to adopt systematic and holistic approach in analyzing the rapid logistics and information flows along the entire supply chain in order to deal with fierce competition. As inventories exist throughout business activities including procurement and sales, the cash flow and sales revenue of the supermarket operators are hinged upon inventory levels. Therefore, the study of inventory system in the context of supply chain management holds great significance for their operations and management.
The basic principles and modeling methodologies of System Dynamics (SD) are applied in the study of inventory systems in the paper. The object of the study is the supermarket warehouse inventory systems under Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) and Jointly Managed Inventory (JMI) models.
The paper starts with an analysis of business management processes for inventory systems, followed by a systematic overview of SD theories and modeling processes. On this basis, the paper conducts system boundary analysis and system cause-effect analysis of the inventory systems under VMI and JMI models. Using the concept and methodologies of SD, the modeling and simulation software VENSIM is applied to develop models for supermarket warehouse inventory systems. Based on operations and sales data from 2 supermarkets, SD models for multiple scenarios are developed. The inventory optimization suggestions are offered based on simulation results.
The paper applies general SD analysis over real-world corporate storage links to the study of specific inventory systems at warehouse supermarkets by conducting multi-solution simulation analysis based on relevant SD models. The analysis of simulation results is made to offer effective suggestions in inventory optimization at warehouse supermarkets from the perspective of supply chain management.
系统动力学(SD)的基本原理和建模方法是本文进行库存系统研究的基础。研究对象是供应商管理库存(VMI)模式与联合库存管理(JMI)模式下的仓储式超市库存系统。
本文首先分析了VMI模式和JMI模式下仓储式超市库存系统的业务管理流程,然后系统概要地介绍系统动力学方法的理论和建模步骤。在此基础上,以系统的观点,对VMI模式与JMI模式下的仓储式超市库存系统进行了系统边界分析和系统因果关系分析;然后运用系统动力学的理论和方法,利用系统动力学建模与模拟分析软件VENSIM建立了VMI模式与JMI模式下的仓储式超市库存系统的SD模型,并根据两个仓储式超市的经营销售数据,利用VENSIM软件分别对VMI模式与JMI模式下的仓储式超市库存系统SD模型作了多方案的仿真模拟,最后基于仿真结果提出VMI模式与JMI模式下仓储式超市库存系统的库存优化建议。
本文的现实意义在于把系统动力学中对企业存储环节的一般性研究具体到供应链管理环境下的仓储式超市库存系统的研究中来,通过建立起相应的SD模型并进行多方案的仿真模拟,通过对仿真结果的分析力图为供应链管理环境下的仓储式超市进行库存优化提供一些借鉴。
The warehouse supermarkets have emerged as a new retail concept in China over the recent years, which is characterized by a business model integrating warehousing and sales functions while offering both wholesale and retail services. Under a supply chain management context, the warehouse supermarkets have to adopt systematic and holistic approach in analyzing the rapid logistics and information flows along the entire supply chain in order to deal with fierce competition. As inventories exist throughout business activities including procurement and sales, the cash flow and sales revenue of the supermarket operators are hinged upon inventory levels. Therefore, the study of inventory system in the context of supply chain management holds great significance for their operations and management.
The basic principles and modeling methodologies of System Dynamics (SD) are applied in the study of inventory systems in the paper. The object of the study is the supermarket warehouse inventory systems under Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) and Jointly Managed Inventory (JMI) models.
The paper starts with an analysis of business management processes for inventory systems, followed by a systematic overview of SD theories and modeling processes. On this basis, the paper conducts system boundary analysis and system cause-effect analysis of the inventory systems under VMI and JMI models. Using the concept and methodologies of SD, the modeling and simulation software VENSIM is applied to develop models for supermarket warehouse inventory systems. Based on operations and sales data from 2 supermarkets, SD models for multiple scenarios are developed. The inventory optimization suggestions are offered based on simulation results.
The paper applies general SD analysis over real-world corporate storage links to the study of specific inventory systems at warehouse supermarkets by conducting multi-solution simulation analysis based on relevant SD models. The analysis of simulation results is made to offer effective suggestions in inventory optimization at warehouse supermarkets from the perspective of supply chain management.
引文
[1]汪琳姝.超市革命新形态--仓储式超市[J].重庆工业管理学院学报,1998,10.80-82
[2]张洪涛,李祎程.找到连锁超市库存管理之法门[J].现代商业,2008,12.56-66
[3]王其藩.高级系统动力学[M].第三版.北京:清华大学出版社,1995年9月
[4]潘玲.基于供应链的企业库存管理模式比较分析[J].会计之友中旬刊,2008,1.14-17
[5]刘丽文,袁佳瑞.VMI环境下的库存与发货模型研究[J].中国管理科学,2003,5.31-37
[6]梁志才.供应链管理环境下的联合库存管理[J].科技情报开发与经济,2005,9.71-74
[7]马士华.新编供应链管理[M].第一版.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2008年1月
[8]谢忠民.供应链管理的协同式商务理念[J].中国信息导报,2004,6.52-53
[9]余凯.发展仓储式超市对我国零售业的启示与管理[J].商业经济与管理,2000,4.12-14
[10]姚娟娟,董敏.谈供应链管理环境下的联合库存管理[J].商业时代,2008,10.16-24
[11]龙志军.基于系统动力学的供应链库存控制机理研究[D].武汉大学.2005年5月
[12]张远,林凤.上海市私家车市场需求的SD模型研究[J].系统工程,2004,12.163-166
[13]苏懋康.系统动力学原理及应用[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社.1988年6月
[14]桂寿平,朱强.基于系统动力学模型的库存控制机理研究[J].物流技术2003,6.19-20
[15]张剑芳.系统动力学在物流系统中的运用[J].物流技术.2003,8.32-34
[16]严武元.基于系统动力学的工业企业物流研究[D].武汉理工大学,2003年5月
[17]尤安军,庄玉良.系统动力学在物流系统分析中的应用研究[J].物流技术.2002,4.19-20
[18]钟永光,钱颖.系统动力学在国内外的发展历程与未来发展方向[J].河南科技大学学报:自然科学版,2006,4.101-103
[19]陶永德.基于系统动力学的制造企业库存管理研究[J].商场现代化,2008,10.83-85
[20]陈文佳,穆东.基于系统动力学的配送中心仓储系统研究[J].北京交通大学学报:社会科学版,2008,1.P27-32
[21]李帅.大连物流的系统动力学分析[J].技术与创新管理.2006(4)87-89
[22]刘兰娟.仓储店库存管理系统应用分析[J].商业时代,2005,9.13-14
[23]王振江.系统动力学引论[M].上海科学技术文献出版社.1988年3月
[24]严广乐,杨炳奕等.系统动力学:政策实验室[M].上海:知识出版社,1991年2月
[25]刘俊,况礼澄.某矿物资库存控制的SD模型及其研究[J].贵州工学院学报,1995,6.80-84
[26]潘玮,董平军.基于供应链管理的制造业库存管理系统研究[J].东华大学学报:自然科学版,2002,2.61-65
[27]郭鹏,徐瑞华.基于联合库存管理的供应链系统动力学研究[J].物流技术.2006,10.51-54
[28]李旭,刘铮铮.系统动力学在超市配送中心库存策略中的应用[J].物流科技,2006,9.112-114
[29]吴克文,柯伟.基于复杂供应链库存管理策略的系统动力学研究[J].物流技术,2006,4.39-42
[30]黄丽珍,李旭,王其藩.超市配送中心订货策略优化研究[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2006,2.275-279
[31]李红启,刘凯.城市物流中心商品库存量的系统动力学模型[J].物流技术,2002,10.16-17
[32]周宏,黎志成.分销仓储配送中心定货决策模拟系统研究[J].运筹与管理.2002,4.60-64
[33]温素彬.基于Excel的存货管理系统动力学仿真[J].淮海工学院学报.2003,2.71-74
[34]邹辉霞,龙志军.基于系统动力学的生产商库存控制机理研究[J].武汉理工大学学报:信息与管理工程版.2007,10.152-155
[35]程军.中百连锁仓储超市的经营模式[J].连锁与特许.2007,4.60-61
[36]杨阳,刘志学.供应商管理库存与第三方物流的系统动力学模型[J].系统工程.2007,7.38-44
[37]许民利,罗武林,彭莉.基于系统动力学的供应商管理库存影响因素分析[J].科技与管理.2008,1.16-18
[38]Forrester J.W.,Lessons from System Dynamics[J],System Dynamics Review,Volume 13,Issue 2,5 October 1987,Pages 136-149
[39]C.L.Lai,W.B.Lee and W.H.Ip.A study of system dynamics in just-in-time logistics[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,Volume 138,Issues 1-3,20 July 2003,Pages 265-269
[40]Eberlein R.L.and Qifan Wang,Statistical Estimation and System Dynamics Models[J],System Dynamics Review,Volume 5,Issue 2,13 June 1985,Pages 396-401
[41]Cachon,Gerard P.and Fisher,Marshall.Supply Chain Inventory Management and the Value of Shared Information[J].Management Science,Volume 46,Issue 2,8 August 2000,Pages 285-291
[42]Slootweg,J.G.;de Haan,S.W.H.;Polinder,H.;Kling,W.L.Modeling new generation and storage technologies in power system dynamics simulations[R].Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,2002 IEEE Volume 2,2002 Page(s):868-873 vol.2
[43]Jacquelynne R.King,Gordon A.McFarlane and Richard J.Beamish. Incorporating the dynamics of marine systems into the stock assessment and management of sablefish [J]. Progress In Oceanography, Volume 49, Issues 1-4, 2001, Pages 619-639
[44] C. W. Kirkwood. System Dynamics Methods: A Quick Introduction[M]. Cambridge,USA:MIT. Press, 1998. Pages 66-89
[45] F. Einsiedl. Flow system dynamics and water storage of a fissured-porous karst aquifer characterized by artificial and environmental tracers [J]. Journal of Hydrology, Volume 312, Issues 1-4, 10 October 2005, Pages 312-321
[46] Joseph J. M. Even. The service-oriented agile logistic control and engineering system:SERVICES [J]. Logistics information management. Volume 13, Issues 1-2, 11 February 2000, Pages 77-89
[2]张洪涛,李祎程.找到连锁超市库存管理之法门[J].现代商业,2008,12.56-66
[3]王其藩.高级系统动力学[M].第三版.北京:清华大学出版社,1995年9月
[4]潘玲.基于供应链的企业库存管理模式比较分析[J].会计之友中旬刊,2008,1.14-17
[5]刘丽文,袁佳瑞.VMI环境下的库存与发货模型研究[J].中国管理科学,2003,5.31-37
[6]梁志才.供应链管理环境下的联合库存管理[J].科技情报开发与经济,2005,9.71-74
[7]马士华.新编供应链管理[M].第一版.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2008年1月
[8]谢忠民.供应链管理的协同式商务理念[J].中国信息导报,2004,6.52-53
[9]余凯.发展仓储式超市对我国零售业的启示与管理[J].商业经济与管理,2000,4.12-14
[10]姚娟娟,董敏.谈供应链管理环境下的联合库存管理[J].商业时代,2008,10.16-24
[11]龙志军.基于系统动力学的供应链库存控制机理研究[D].武汉大学.2005年5月
[12]张远,林凤.上海市私家车市场需求的SD模型研究[J].系统工程,2004,12.163-166
[13]苏懋康.系统动力学原理及应用[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社.1988年6月
[14]桂寿平,朱强.基于系统动力学模型的库存控制机理研究[J].物流技术2003,6.19-20
[15]张剑芳.系统动力学在物流系统中的运用[J].物流技术.2003,8.32-34
[16]严武元.基于系统动力学的工业企业物流研究[D].武汉理工大学,2003年5月
[17]尤安军,庄玉良.系统动力学在物流系统分析中的应用研究[J].物流技术.2002,4.19-20
[18]钟永光,钱颖.系统动力学在国内外的发展历程与未来发展方向[J].河南科技大学学报:自然科学版,2006,4.101-103
[19]陶永德.基于系统动力学的制造企业库存管理研究[J].商场现代化,2008,10.83-85
[20]陈文佳,穆东.基于系统动力学的配送中心仓储系统研究[J].北京交通大学学报:社会科学版,2008,1.P27-32
[21]李帅.大连物流的系统动力学分析[J].技术与创新管理.2006(4)87-89
[22]刘兰娟.仓储店库存管理系统应用分析[J].商业时代,2005,9.13-14
[23]王振江.系统动力学引论[M].上海科学技术文献出版社.1988年3月
[24]严广乐,杨炳奕等.系统动力学:政策实验室[M].上海:知识出版社,1991年2月
[25]刘俊,况礼澄.某矿物资库存控制的SD模型及其研究[J].贵州工学院学报,1995,6.80-84
[26]潘玮,董平军.基于供应链管理的制造业库存管理系统研究[J].东华大学学报:自然科学版,2002,2.61-65
[27]郭鹏,徐瑞华.基于联合库存管理的供应链系统动力学研究[J].物流技术.2006,10.51-54
[28]李旭,刘铮铮.系统动力学在超市配送中心库存策略中的应用[J].物流科技,2006,9.112-114
[29]吴克文,柯伟.基于复杂供应链库存管理策略的系统动力学研究[J].物流技术,2006,4.39-42
[30]黄丽珍,李旭,王其藩.超市配送中心订货策略优化研究[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2006,2.275-279
[31]李红启,刘凯.城市物流中心商品库存量的系统动力学模型[J].物流技术,2002,10.16-17
[32]周宏,黎志成.分销仓储配送中心定货决策模拟系统研究[J].运筹与管理.2002,4.60-64
[33]温素彬.基于Excel的存货管理系统动力学仿真[J].淮海工学院学报.2003,2.71-74
[34]邹辉霞,龙志军.基于系统动力学的生产商库存控制机理研究[J].武汉理工大学学报:信息与管理工程版.2007,10.152-155
[35]程军.中百连锁仓储超市的经营模式[J].连锁与特许.2007,4.60-61
[36]杨阳,刘志学.供应商管理库存与第三方物流的系统动力学模型[J].系统工程.2007,7.38-44
[37]许民利,罗武林,彭莉.基于系统动力学的供应商管理库存影响因素分析[J].科技与管理.2008,1.16-18
[38]Forrester J.W.,Lessons from System Dynamics[J],System Dynamics Review,Volume 13,Issue 2,5 October 1987,Pages 136-149
[39]C.L.Lai,W.B.Lee and W.H.Ip.A study of system dynamics in just-in-time logistics[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,Volume 138,Issues 1-3,20 July 2003,Pages 265-269
[40]Eberlein R.L.and Qifan Wang,Statistical Estimation and System Dynamics Models[J],System Dynamics Review,Volume 5,Issue 2,13 June 1985,Pages 396-401
[41]Cachon,Gerard P.and Fisher,Marshall.Supply Chain Inventory Management and the Value of Shared Information[J].Management Science,Volume 46,Issue 2,8 August 2000,Pages 285-291
[42]Slootweg,J.G.;de Haan,S.W.H.;Polinder,H.;Kling,W.L.Modeling new generation and storage technologies in power system dynamics simulations[R].Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,2002 IEEE Volume 2,2002 Page(s):868-873 vol.2
[43]Jacquelynne R.King,Gordon A.McFarlane and Richard J.Beamish. Incorporating the dynamics of marine systems into the stock assessment and management of sablefish [J]. Progress In Oceanography, Volume 49, Issues 1-4, 2001, Pages 619-639
[44] C. W. Kirkwood. System Dynamics Methods: A Quick Introduction[M]. Cambridge,USA:MIT. Press, 1998. Pages 66-89
[45] F. Einsiedl. Flow system dynamics and water storage of a fissured-porous karst aquifer characterized by artificial and environmental tracers [J]. Journal of Hydrology, Volume 312, Issues 1-4, 10 October 2005, Pages 312-321
[46] Joseph J. M. Even. The service-oriented agile logistic control and engineering system:SERVICES [J]. Logistics information management. Volume 13, Issues 1-2, 11 February 2000, Pages 77-89