豌豆皮水溶性膳食纤维的制备及性质研究
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摘要
本文主要研究了豌豆皮水溶性膳食纤维(PSDF)的制备、性质和应用。首先采用蛋白酶和高温淀粉酶去除豌豆皮中附着的蛋白质和淀粉得到豌豆皮不溶性膳食纤维(PIDF)。通过筛选得到豌豆皮蛋白质的最佳水解酶是碱性蛋白酶,再由正交试验分析得到碱性蛋白酶最佳的酶解条件:碱性蛋白酶添加量为600U/g豌豆皮、反应时间100min、料液比为1:15,最终PIDF的残余量为2.20%。PIDF的红外光谱有典型的糖类吸收峰;电镜显示,PIDF呈片状结构。
然后采用纤维素酶、木聚糖酶水解PIDF得到豌豆皮水溶性膳食纤维(PSDF),通过响应面设计实验过程优化水解PIDF工艺,利用Design-Expert软件对数据进行分析得到:纤维素酶的最佳酶解条件:纤维素酶添加量为118U/gPIDF,反应时间为4.98h,pH值为4.59,纤维素酶水解得到的豌豆皮水溶性膳食纤维(PSDF1)的得率为36.28% ;木聚糖酶最佳酶解条件:木聚糖酶添加量为119.5U/gPIDF,反应时间为2.31h,pH值为5.10,木聚糖酶水解得到的豌豆皮膳食纤维(PSDF2)的得率平均为48.57%。对所得到的PSDF1和PSDF2进行进一步研究发现,两者表面都具有多孔结构,但是PSDF2的孔状结构更加致密均匀,通过红外光谱得知两者都具有糖类的特征吸收峰。研究比较了PIDF、PSDF1、PSDF2三种膳食纤维的体外抗氧化能力和吸附能力。在抗氧化能力方面,PSDF的抗氧化能力也明显高于PIDF,而且PSDF2清除DPPH?、?OH自由基的能力高于PSDF1,但是PSDF1的还原能力、螯合铁离子能力高于PSDF2;PSDF对脂肪、胆酸钠、胆固醇的吸附能力明显高于PIDF,而PSDF1对脂肪和胆固醇的吸附能力高于PSDF2的吸附能力。并且通过小鼠实验证实PSDF1和PSDF2具有减缓糖尿病小鼠体重下降的作用,降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖。
最后初步探讨了PSDF的应用,将PSDF1、PSDF2应用在米乳饮料中,试验表明,PSDF1在添加量为6%时感官评价得分最高,PSDF2的添加量为4%时感官评价得分最高,并且在最佳配方的基础上对饮料进行保藏试验,经检验无质量问题。
The method of preparation, the property and the application of PSDF( pea-hulls soluble dietary fiber) were mainly discussed in this thesis, PIDF(pea-hulls insoluble dietary fiber) was obtained with the Protease and Amylase to remove the protein and starch attached in the pea-hulls. Alkaline protease was chosen as the optimum hydrolase of pea-hulls’protein, through the orthogonal experiment, the optimum hydrolysis conditions were determined as: the addition of alkaline protease was 600U/g pea-hulls, reaction time was 100min, solid/solvent was 1:15. And finally the residual protein was 2.20%.A typical carbohydrate absorption was detected in IR(Infrared Radiation)of PIDF, a sheet structure of PIDF was revealed by SEM(scanning electron microscopy).
Then, PSDF was made with xylanase and cellulase, the hydrolysis conditions were optimized with the method of Central composite design, through statistical data analysis of Design-Expert experiment, the optimum hydrolysis conditions for cellulase were: the addition of cellulase was 118U/g PSDF, reaction time was 4.98h, pH value was 4.59, And the average rate of obtained protein hydrolyzed with cellulose (PSDF1)was 36.28%, the optimum hydrolysis conditions for xylanase were: the addition of xylanase was 119.5U/g PSDF, reaction time was 2.31h, pH value was 5.10, And the average rate of obtained protein hydrolyzed with xylanase (PSDF2)was 48.57%. After the further research on PSDF1 and PSDF2, the porous structure were found on both their surface and the pores of PSDF2 were more dense than PSDF1. Then the featured carbohydrate absorptions were obtained in both IR spectrum, and the in-vitro antioxidant capacity and adsorption capacities of three dietary fibers(PIDF、PSDF1、PSDF2) were compared, the results showed: PSDF2 had a higher capacity in DPPH?、?OH radicals’scavenging, but was much inferior in reducing and chelating with iron ion capacities, the adsorption of PSDF to fat , cholate and cholesterol were stronger than PIDF and the adsorption of PSDF1 to fat , cholesterol were stronger than PSDF2. PSDF1 and PSDF2 has been confirmed have the function to low weight loss and reduce blood sugar of diabetes mice through the mice experimental.
Finally, PSDF1 and PSDF2 were applied to rice-milk drink production which was a preliminary exploration in PSDF’s application, the results indicated that it scored highest when the addition of PSDF1, PSDF2 were 6% and 4% respectively, in addition, the drink had passed the storage test and verification on the basis of the optimum formula and tested error free.
然后采用纤维素酶、木聚糖酶水解PIDF得到豌豆皮水溶性膳食纤维(PSDF),通过响应面设计实验过程优化水解PIDF工艺,利用Design-Expert软件对数据进行分析得到:纤维素酶的最佳酶解条件:纤维素酶添加量为118U/gPIDF,反应时间为4.98h,pH值为4.59,纤维素酶水解得到的豌豆皮水溶性膳食纤维(PSDF1)的得率为36.28% ;木聚糖酶最佳酶解条件:木聚糖酶添加量为119.5U/gPIDF,反应时间为2.31h,pH值为5.10,木聚糖酶水解得到的豌豆皮膳食纤维(PSDF2)的得率平均为48.57%。对所得到的PSDF1和PSDF2进行进一步研究发现,两者表面都具有多孔结构,但是PSDF2的孔状结构更加致密均匀,通过红外光谱得知两者都具有糖类的特征吸收峰。研究比较了PIDF、PSDF1、PSDF2三种膳食纤维的体外抗氧化能力和吸附能力。在抗氧化能力方面,PSDF的抗氧化能力也明显高于PIDF,而且PSDF2清除DPPH?、?OH自由基的能力高于PSDF1,但是PSDF1的还原能力、螯合铁离子能力高于PSDF2;PSDF对脂肪、胆酸钠、胆固醇的吸附能力明显高于PIDF,而PSDF1对脂肪和胆固醇的吸附能力高于PSDF2的吸附能力。并且通过小鼠实验证实PSDF1和PSDF2具有减缓糖尿病小鼠体重下降的作用,降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖。
最后初步探讨了PSDF的应用,将PSDF1、PSDF2应用在米乳饮料中,试验表明,PSDF1在添加量为6%时感官评价得分最高,PSDF2的添加量为4%时感官评价得分最高,并且在最佳配方的基础上对饮料进行保藏试验,经检验无质量问题。
The method of preparation, the property and the application of PSDF( pea-hulls soluble dietary fiber) were mainly discussed in this thesis, PIDF(pea-hulls insoluble dietary fiber) was obtained with the Protease and Amylase to remove the protein and starch attached in the pea-hulls. Alkaline protease was chosen as the optimum hydrolase of pea-hulls’protein, through the orthogonal experiment, the optimum hydrolysis conditions were determined as: the addition of alkaline protease was 600U/g pea-hulls, reaction time was 100min, solid/solvent was 1:15. And finally the residual protein was 2.20%.A typical carbohydrate absorption was detected in IR(Infrared Radiation)of PIDF, a sheet structure of PIDF was revealed by SEM(scanning electron microscopy).
Then, PSDF was made with xylanase and cellulase, the hydrolysis conditions were optimized with the method of Central composite design, through statistical data analysis of Design-Expert experiment, the optimum hydrolysis conditions for cellulase were: the addition of cellulase was 118U/g PSDF, reaction time was 4.98h, pH value was 4.59, And the average rate of obtained protein hydrolyzed with cellulose (PSDF1)was 36.28%, the optimum hydrolysis conditions for xylanase were: the addition of xylanase was 119.5U/g PSDF, reaction time was 2.31h, pH value was 5.10, And the average rate of obtained protein hydrolyzed with xylanase (PSDF2)was 48.57%. After the further research on PSDF1 and PSDF2, the porous structure were found on both their surface and the pores of PSDF2 were more dense than PSDF1. Then the featured carbohydrate absorptions were obtained in both IR spectrum, and the in-vitro antioxidant capacity and adsorption capacities of three dietary fibers(PIDF、PSDF1、PSDF2) were compared, the results showed: PSDF2 had a higher capacity in DPPH?、?OH radicals’scavenging, but was much inferior in reducing and chelating with iron ion capacities, the adsorption of PSDF to fat , cholate and cholesterol were stronger than PIDF and the adsorption of PSDF1 to fat , cholesterol were stronger than PSDF2. PSDF1 and PSDF2 has been confirmed have the function to low weight loss and reduce blood sugar of diabetes mice through the mice experimental.
Finally, PSDF1 and PSDF2 were applied to rice-milk drink production which was a preliminary exploration in PSDF’s application, the results indicated that it scored highest when the addition of PSDF1, PSDF2 were 6% and 4% respectively, in addition, the drink had passed the storage test and verification on the basis of the optimum formula and tested error free.
引文
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2.郑建仙,耿立萍,高孔荣.利用车蔗渣制备高活性膳食纤维添加剂的研究[J].食品与发酵工业,2006(3):58-61
3.魏红,徐宏伟,肿红舰,等.膳食纤维的应用及检测方法[J].海峡预防医学,2004,10(2).25-27.
4.BONN. Report of the 26th Session of the CODEX Committee on nutrition and foods for special dietary use.[R/OL]
5.迟玉杰,张瑛卓,闫明武.影响膳食纤维生理功能的内外因素[J].中国乳业工业,2000(2):26-28
6.罗绯.豆皮水溶性膳食纤维提取、生理功能及物化性质的研究[D]:[硕士学位论文]湖南:湖南农业大学,2008:1-2
7.Mark L Dreher.Handbook of Dietary Fiber[M] Evansville, Indiana: Mead Johnson Nutritionals/Bristol-Myers Squibb Company:2001:1-4
8.Hadden Grahan. Extraction of soluble dietary fiber[J]. Agric food chemistry.2006(36):497
9.Marlett J A,McBurney M I,Slavin J L.Position of the American Dietetic Association:Health Implications of Dietary Fiber.Journal of the American Dietetic Association,2002, 102(7):993-1000
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