低温辐射计计量特性、测量装置及量值传递方法的研究
|
摘要
低温辐射计作为当今世界公认的最准确的光辐射测量手段已经被全世界很多国家作为研究重点。
陷阱探测器具备的诸多优点使之成为低温辐射计进行量值传递的工具。实验表明陷阱探测器的一些特性对量值传递过程产生着不可忽视的影响，比如：响应均匀性、偏振特性、角度特性、温度系数。通过一系列针对性的实验，定量确定了这些因素对量值的影响。
围绕低温辐射计，进行了其他的外围实验和研究。包括激光光路结构及其调整方法、激光功率稳定器的使用和改进方法、低温辐射计窗口透射比及腔体吸收比的测量方法和测量结果。
利用自行开发的新低温辐射计测量软件，对低温辐射计系统特性进行了详细研究分析，给出了测量参数的合理设置方法。最后给出采用虚拟光源方法对系统整体性能指标的考察结果。
在对陷阱探测器和低温辐射计进行系统实验研究的基础上，实现了利用陷阱探测器对低温辐射计量值的传递，并且对数据进行了不确定度分析。
Cryogenic Absolute Radiometer(CAR), as the most accurate radiation measurement technique now, has become the research focus of many national metrology institutes.
Trap detector with it's excellent characters has been used as the bridge of quantity chain in CAR system. The parameters of trap detectors including: spatial uniformity, polarization dependence, angular variation, temperature coefficient, have effect on quantity transfer process, so these effect are quantificationally discussed on the basis of a series of special experiments.
Some peripheral experiment and analysis about CAR have been performed, include: laser beam preparation and it's adjustment, Laser Power Controller and our achievement on improving it's performance, the measurement of transmittance of Brewster window, CAR cavity absorptance measurement.
Using the new CAR system software, many inherent characters of CAR have been analyzed, then some parameter setting during CAR experiment are given much more reasonably. Using the virtual radiation method, the performance of the whole CAR system has been analyzed.
On the basis of analysis and experiments above, the quantity transfer from CAR to other detectors have been performed using trap detector and the uncertainty of the transfer process is analyzed.
陷阱探测器具备的诸多优点使之成为低温辐射计进行量值传递的工具。实验表明陷阱探测器的一些特性对量值传递过程产生着不可忽视的影响，比如：响应均匀性、偏振特性、角度特性、温度系数。通过一系列针对性的实验，定量确定了这些因素对量值的影响。
围绕低温辐射计，进行了其他的外围实验和研究。包括激光光路结构及其调整方法、激光功率稳定器的使用和改进方法、低温辐射计窗口透射比及腔体吸收比的测量方法和测量结果。
利用自行开发的新低温辐射计测量软件，对低温辐射计系统特性进行了详细研究分析，给出了测量参数的合理设置方法。最后给出采用虚拟光源方法对系统整体性能指标的考察结果。
在对陷阱探测器和低温辐射计进行系统实验研究的基础上，实现了利用陷阱探测器对低温辐射计量值的传递，并且对数据进行了不确定度分析。
Cryogenic Absolute Radiometer(CAR), as the most accurate radiation measurement technique now, has become the research focus of many national metrology institutes.
Trap detector with it's excellent characters has been used as the bridge of quantity chain in CAR system. The parameters of trap detectors including: spatial uniformity, polarization dependence, angular variation, temperature coefficient, have effect on quantity transfer process, so these effect are quantificationally discussed on the basis of a series of special experiments.
Some peripheral experiment and analysis about CAR have been performed, include: laser beam preparation and it's adjustment, Laser Power Controller and our achievement on improving it's performance, the measurement of transmittance of Brewster window, CAR cavity absorptance measurement.
Using the new CAR system software, many inherent characters of CAR have been analyzed, then some parameter setting during CAR experiment are given much more reasonably. Using the virtual radiation method, the performance of the whole CAR system has been analyzed.
On the basis of analysis and experiments above, the quantity transfer from CAR to other detectors have been performed using trap detector and the uncertainty of the transfer process is analyzed.
引文
[1] 低温辐射计技术及其计量学应用。林延东，计量科学研究50年
[2] 李在清．我国光辐射计量学的发展．照明工程学报[J]，1995，3：57～68
[3] T. J. Quinn. Primary methods of measurement an primary standards [J]. Metrologia. 1997, 34:63
[4] T. R. Gentile, J. M. Houston, J. E. Hardis, C. L. Cromer, A. C. Parr. National Institute of Standards and Technology high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer[J]. Appl. Opt, 1996, 35(7): 1056～1068
[5] K. D. Stock, H. Hofer. Present State of the PTB Primary Standard for Radiant Power Based on Cryogenic Radiometry[J]. Metrologia, 1993, 30:291～296
[6] R. Goebal, M. Stock, R. Kohler, Report on the international comparison of cryogenic radiometers based on transfer detectors[J], BIPM, CCPR '99—04, 1999.
[7] S. P. Morozova, B. E. Lisiansky, P. A. Morozov, V. I. Saprisky, New low-cost absolute cryogenic radiometer for space blackbody models calibration[J], SPIE, Vol. 2475, 499～503.
[8] REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF CRYOGENIC RADIOMETERS BASED ON TRANSFER DETECTORS。 BIPM September 2000, R. Goebel, M. Stock, R. Kohler
[9] J. E. Martin, N. P. Fox, P. J. Key. Cryogenic Radiometer for Absolute Radiometric Measurements[J]. Metrologia, 1985, 21:147～155
[10] S. P. Morozova, V. A. Konovodchenko, V. I. Sapritsky. An Absolute Cryogenic Radiometer for Laser Calibration and Characterization of Photodetectors[J]. Metrologia, 1996, 32:557～560
[11] R. Kohler, R. Goebel, R. Pello, Experimental procedures for the comparison of cryogenic radiometers at highest accuracy [J]. Metrologia, 1996, 33:549～554
[12] Timo Varpula, Heikki Seppa, Juha-matti Saari. Optical Power Calibrator Based on a Stabilized Green He-Ne Laser and Cryogenic Absolute Radiometer[R]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1989, 38(2):558～564
[13] Characterization of an absolute cryogenic radiometer as a standard detector for radiant-power measurements[J]. R. U. Datla, K. Stock. Appl. Opt, 1992, 1(34):7219～7225
[14] 低温辐射计计量系统中的光路调整[J]。姚和军，吕正，林延东。光学技术，2002，26(4)：334～336
[15] LASER POWER CONTROLLER USER'S MANUAL. Brockton Electro-Optics Corp.
[16] 新型PID控制及其应用。陶永华，尹怡欣，葛芦生编著。机械工业出版社。
[17] 高精度光辐射定标和标准传递方法。郑小兵，吴浩宇，章骏平，刘玉成，周威 王乐意，乔延利。科学通报，第45卷第12期2000年6月。
[18] Polarization dependence of trap detectors. R. Goebel, S. Yilmaz and R. Pello. Metrologia, 1996, 33, 207-213.
[19] 《光学技术手册》。机械工业出版社。
[20] Reflectance dependencies of silicon trap detectors. J. campos, P. Corredera, A. Pons. Metrologia, 1998, 35, 455-460.
[21] Heavens O. S., Optic properties of thin films, Reports on Progress in Physics, 1960, 23, 1.
[22] 《波动光学》。赵达尊，张怀玉，北京理工大学出版社。
[23] 《低温辐射计的数据采集与处理》。李奇，北京理工大学硕士研究生毕业论文，2005。
[24] Timo Varpula, Heikki Seppa, Juha-matti Saari. Optical Power Calibrator Based on a Stabilized Green He-Ne Laser and Cryogenic Absolute Radiometer[R]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1989, 38(2):558～564
[25] 《Stanford Research Systems SR570 hand book》. Stanford Research Systems Inc.
[26] 《测量不确定度评定与表示指南》。国家质量技术监督局计量司组编。
[27] 《测量不确定度评定与表示》。国家质量技术监督局。
[2] 李在清．我国光辐射计量学的发展．照明工程学报[J]，1995，3：57～68
[3] T. J. Quinn. Primary methods of measurement an primary standards [J]. Metrologia. 1997, 34:63
[4] T. R. Gentile, J. M. Houston, J. E. Hardis, C. L. Cromer, A. C. Parr. National Institute of Standards and Technology high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer[J]. Appl. Opt, 1996, 35(7): 1056～1068
[5] K. D. Stock, H. Hofer. Present State of the PTB Primary Standard for Radiant Power Based on Cryogenic Radiometry[J]. Metrologia, 1993, 30:291～296
[6] R. Goebal, M. Stock, R. Kohler, Report on the international comparison of cryogenic radiometers based on transfer detectors[J], BIPM, CCPR '99—04, 1999.
[7] S. P. Morozova, B. E. Lisiansky, P. A. Morozov, V. I. Saprisky, New low-cost absolute cryogenic radiometer for space blackbody models calibration[J], SPIE, Vol. 2475, 499～503.
[8] REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF CRYOGENIC RADIOMETERS BASED ON TRANSFER DETECTORS。 BIPM September 2000, R. Goebel, M. Stock, R. Kohler
[9] J. E. Martin, N. P. Fox, P. J. Key. Cryogenic Radiometer for Absolute Radiometric Measurements[J]. Metrologia, 1985, 21:147～155
[10] S. P. Morozova, V. A. Konovodchenko, V. I. Sapritsky. An Absolute Cryogenic Radiometer for Laser Calibration and Characterization of Photodetectors[J]. Metrologia, 1996, 32:557～560
[11] R. Kohler, R. Goebel, R. Pello, Experimental procedures for the comparison of cryogenic radiometers at highest accuracy [J]. Metrologia, 1996, 33:549～554
[12] Timo Varpula, Heikki Seppa, Juha-matti Saari. Optical Power Calibrator Based on a Stabilized Green He-Ne Laser and Cryogenic Absolute Radiometer[R]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1989, 38(2):558～564
[13] Characterization of an absolute cryogenic radiometer as a standard detector for radiant-power measurements[J]. R. U. Datla, K. Stock. Appl. Opt, 1992, 1(34):7219～7225
[14] 低温辐射计计量系统中的光路调整[J]。姚和军，吕正，林延东。光学技术，2002，26(4)：334～336
[15] LASER POWER CONTROLLER USER'S MANUAL. Brockton Electro-Optics Corp.
[16] 新型PID控制及其应用。陶永华，尹怡欣，葛芦生编著。机械工业出版社。
[17] 高精度光辐射定标和标准传递方法。郑小兵，吴浩宇，章骏平，刘玉成，周威 王乐意，乔延利。科学通报，第45卷第12期2000年6月。
[18] Polarization dependence of trap detectors. R. Goebel, S. Yilmaz and R. Pello. Metrologia, 1996, 33, 207-213.
[19] 《光学技术手册》。机械工业出版社。
[20] Reflectance dependencies of silicon trap detectors. J. campos, P. Corredera, A. Pons. Metrologia, 1998, 35, 455-460.
[21] Heavens O. S., Optic properties of thin films, Reports on Progress in Physics, 1960, 23, 1.
[22] 《波动光学》。赵达尊，张怀玉，北京理工大学出版社。
[23] 《低温辐射计的数据采集与处理》。李奇，北京理工大学硕士研究生毕业论文，2005。
[24] Timo Varpula, Heikki Seppa, Juha-matti Saari. Optical Power Calibrator Based on a Stabilized Green He-Ne Laser and Cryogenic Absolute Radiometer[R]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1989, 38(2):558～564
[25] 《Stanford Research Systems SR570 hand book》. Stanford Research Systems Inc.
[26] 《测量不确定度评定与表示指南》。国家质量技术监督局计量司组编。
[27] 《测量不确定度评定与表示》。国家质量技术监督局。