矿山开采沉陷三维建模与可视化方法研究
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摘要
煤炭是我国主要能源,在国民经济发展中占有重要的地位。然而,煤炭资源的地下开采导致地表移动与变形,损毁地表建筑物和其它设施,引起土地塌陷破坏等问题。开采沉陷预计是涉及地质、采矿、测量等多学科交叉的复杂问题,对其深入研究具有重要意义。通过系统分析开采沉陷预计的研究现状,在863计划重点项目“数字化采矿关键技术与软件开发”(编号：2009AA062704)以及山东省教育厅科技计划项目“开采沉陷预测及三维可视化关键技术研究”(编号：J09LG54)的资助下,探索三维可视化建模与沉陷预计理论的结合途径,为精细研究地表移动和变形过程提供分析技术手段。
本文旨在通过三维建模与可视化技术,建立顾及覆岩结构、开采方法等相关地质采矿条件的三维地层模型及可视化算法模型,设计并开发了开采沉陷三维可视化系统软件。主要研究内容如下：
(1)基于随机介质理论思想,把岩层与地表移动视作随机过程,给出了不同条件下开采引起地表移动与变形的计算公式,为开采沉陷三维可视化软件的研发建立了相应的工程计算模型；
(2)对开采沉陷涉及的三维现象进行分类、概括、聚集,建立描述地层结构、开采方法等地质现象和工程现象的层次结构,提出了一个多层DEM(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)及四面体格网(Tetrahedral Network, TEN)混合的三维地层模型DEMs-TEN,该模型使用多层DEM构建地表及地质分层界面,使用TEN构造层间地质体,便于准确表达面体信息；
(3)基于DEMs-TEN混合模型,提出了约束边界地层剖切算法,通过三维模型剖切再现地层内部细节,揭示煤矿地质体的空间分布规律,为研究人员正确建立开采沉陷预计模型及准确选择计算参数提供依据；
(4)研究了三维地层模型与沉陷预计模型的耦合模式,建立了基于DEMs-TEN模型地表移动与变形指标的计算方法及可视化表达方法,设计并开发了开采沉陷三维可视化系统—3D Subsidence,为开采沉陷预计研究提供了新的技术手段及工具。
Coal plays an important role in the national economy development as our primary energy. However, the underground mining of coal resources leads to some problems such as ground surface movement and deformation, ground surface buildings and other facilities were damaged, land subsidence and damages were caused and so on. Mining subsidence prediction is a complex issue which related to geology, mining, mapping and other subjects, its in-depth study is very important. The author explores the combined approach of three-dimensional visualization modeling and subsidence prediction theory through systematic analysis the study status quo of mining subsidence prediction, and provides analytical techniques means for the detailed study of surface movement and deformation processes. This work was Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) "Digital mining key technology and software development" (No.2009AA062704); Supported by Science and Technology Planning Project of Shandong Educational Commission "Research on the key technology of mining subsidence prediction and Three-dimensional visualization" (No. J09LG54).
This paper aims to establish Three-dimensional stratum and visualization algorithm model with Three-dimensional modeling and visualization technology, takes into account the structure of overlying strata, mining methods and other conditions related to geological and mining, designed and developed Three-dimensional visualization system software of mining subsidence. The main study contents are as follows:
(1) Based on random medium theory ideas, considering the rock and ground movement as a random process, derived the formula of ground movement and deformation caused by mining under different conditions, established the corresponding computational model for the developing of mining subsidence Three-dimensional visualization software;
(2) By classifying, summering and assembling 3D geological phenomena involving in mining subsidence, established the hierarchical structure for the phenomena of geological and engineering, such as Stratum structure, mining conditions and so on, proposed a 3D stratum model DEMs-TEN which was mixed by multi-DEM (Digital Elevation Models) and TEN (Tetrahedral Network),which uses multi-DEMs to build the surface and layered geological surface, uses TEN to build layer geological body, taking into account the exact expression of surface and body;
(3) Based on DEMs-TEN mixed model, proposed a constrained boundary stratum slice algorithm, which reproduces stratum details within through the three-dimensional model slices and reveals the spatial distribution law of mine geological bodies, provides the basis for researcher to establish mining subsidence prediction model correctly and select calculate parameter accurately;
(4) Studied the coupled model of Three-dimensional strati graphic model and Subsidence prediction model, established the calculation and visualization expressions for ground movement and deformation index based on DEMs-TEN model, designed and developed the mining subsidence three-dimensional visualization system---3D subsidence, provides a new techniques and tools for the study of mining subsidence prediction.
本文旨在通过三维建模与可视化技术,建立顾及覆岩结构、开采方法等相关地质采矿条件的三维地层模型及可视化算法模型,设计并开发了开采沉陷三维可视化系统软件。主要研究内容如下：
(1)基于随机介质理论思想,把岩层与地表移动视作随机过程,给出了不同条件下开采引起地表移动与变形的计算公式,为开采沉陷三维可视化软件的研发建立了相应的工程计算模型；
(2)对开采沉陷涉及的三维现象进行分类、概括、聚集,建立描述地层结构、开采方法等地质现象和工程现象的层次结构,提出了一个多层DEM(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)及四面体格网(Tetrahedral Network, TEN)混合的三维地层模型DEMs-TEN,该模型使用多层DEM构建地表及地质分层界面,使用TEN构造层间地质体,便于准确表达面体信息；
(3)基于DEMs-TEN混合模型,提出了约束边界地层剖切算法,通过三维模型剖切再现地层内部细节,揭示煤矿地质体的空间分布规律,为研究人员正确建立开采沉陷预计模型及准确选择计算参数提供依据；
(4)研究了三维地层模型与沉陷预计模型的耦合模式,建立了基于DEMs-TEN模型地表移动与变形指标的计算方法及可视化表达方法,设计并开发了开采沉陷三维可视化系统—3D Subsidence,为开采沉陷预计研究提供了新的技术手段及工具。
Coal plays an important role in the national economy development as our primary energy. However, the underground mining of coal resources leads to some problems such as ground surface movement and deformation, ground surface buildings and other facilities were damaged, land subsidence and damages were caused and so on. Mining subsidence prediction is a complex issue which related to geology, mining, mapping and other subjects, its in-depth study is very important. The author explores the combined approach of three-dimensional visualization modeling and subsidence prediction theory through systematic analysis the study status quo of mining subsidence prediction, and provides analytical techniques means for the detailed study of surface movement and deformation processes. This work was Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) "Digital mining key technology and software development" (No.2009AA062704); Supported by Science and Technology Planning Project of Shandong Educational Commission "Research on the key technology of mining subsidence prediction and Three-dimensional visualization" (No. J09LG54).
This paper aims to establish Three-dimensional stratum and visualization algorithm model with Three-dimensional modeling and visualization technology, takes into account the structure of overlying strata, mining methods and other conditions related to geological and mining, designed and developed Three-dimensional visualization system software of mining subsidence. The main study contents are as follows:
(1) Based on random medium theory ideas, considering the rock and ground movement as a random process, derived the formula of ground movement and deformation caused by mining under different conditions, established the corresponding computational model for the developing of mining subsidence Three-dimensional visualization software;
(2) By classifying, summering and assembling 3D geological phenomena involving in mining subsidence, established the hierarchical structure for the phenomena of geological and engineering, such as Stratum structure, mining conditions and so on, proposed a 3D stratum model DEMs-TEN which was mixed by multi-DEM (Digital Elevation Models) and TEN (Tetrahedral Network),which uses multi-DEMs to build the surface and layered geological surface, uses TEN to build layer geological body, taking into account the exact expression of surface and body;
(3) Based on DEMs-TEN mixed model, proposed a constrained boundary stratum slice algorithm, which reproduces stratum details within through the three-dimensional model slices and reveals the spatial distribution law of mine geological bodies, provides the basis for researcher to establish mining subsidence prediction model correctly and select calculate parameter accurately;
(4) Studied the coupled model of Three-dimensional strati graphic model and Subsidence prediction model, established the calculation and visualization expressions for ground movement and deformation index based on DEMs-TEN model, designed and developed the mining subsidence three-dimensional visualization system---3D subsidence, provides a new techniques and tools for the study of mining subsidence prediction.
引文
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