基于单源、复合源模糊数的建筑结构振动分析
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摘要
随着中国工业化的快速发展以及城市工业用地紧张,规划道路或轨道交通距离建筑物越来越近。城市主干道,地下、地上轨道等交通荷载引起的振动传播使得周边建筑物产生振动,建筑物的振动有时会引起所居住的居民不能正常休息,学校、医院的工作人员不能正常工作,甚至引起室内人员不舒适感或对振动敏感的高精密仪器不能正常工作。因此,在建筑工程设计阶段,需要了解交通荷载对建筑物振动影响时,采用有效的方法预测上述交通荷载引起的周边建筑场地上拟建建筑物振动情况很有必要。
在工程结构设计领域,一些设计参数由于缺乏充分的统计信息或者信息本身存在模糊性,采用传统的概率、随机理论进行计算分析,受方法限制或参数取值偏差,其结果往往不能令人满意。事实上,传统振动分析方法所涉及的交通车辆重量、速度、运行方式,轨道或道路,传播土层以及建筑物本身的参数均存在大量的不确定因素,准确获得这些参数的分布规律比较困难。因此需要寻找一种新的理论方法来解决。
本文以模糊数学为基础,研究基于单源或复合源模糊数的结构振动响应并结合建筑物振动评价国际标准(IS02631-1、2),系统研究可用来预测交通荷载引起的建筑物振动的新方法。主要内容如下：
1、完善模糊数学运算法则。针对传统模糊数学运算法则中存在的混合运算越运算越模糊问题,基于单源和复合源模糊数的概念,对模糊四则运算法则以及混合运算做了进一步的完善。通过赋予模糊参数以物理概念,指出多参数模糊混合运算应遵循的原则,解决了传统模糊运算存在的不符合结合律与分配律问题,然后通过算例来验证并与传统模糊运算方法做对比。结果表明,基于单源和复合源模糊数的模糊计算方法不但可以简化计算过程,而且缩小了计算结果的模糊区间。
2、系统的推导基于单源、复合源模糊数运算法则的结构线性振动系统相关内容。得出结构单参数、多参数模糊的多自由度无阻尼自由振动系统的动力特性,多参数模糊有阻尼动力有限元结构线性振动系统的频响函数及模糊振动响应。算例结果表明,当模糊参数退化到确定参数时,其结果与传统结构动力分析计算结果相同。
3、将复合源模糊数引入交通荷载引起的周边建筑振动分析,给出一个工程实践中应用基于模糊源的模糊动力方法预测交通荷载引起周边建筑物的振动响应算例,并结合建筑物内振动评价国际标准(IS02631,1997年版系列)进行建筑物振动评价,给出应用基于模糊源的模糊动力分析计算步骤。与其它方法相比,基于模糊源的结构模糊动力有限元分析不需要准确掌握车辆类型、速度,轨道或路面、路基参数,振动传播土层的动力参数等,只需测试拟建场地振动情况,按照文中介绍的步骤进行分析计算,可给出较为合适的预测结果供建筑设计人员参考。
With the rapid development of industry and the tension of industrial land usage of China, the planning roads or track traffics are closer to the building for living. business or advanced technology than before. So the vibration induced by these traffic loads propogates to the surrounding buildings.which often causes the uncomfort of living residents, staffs of business, the patients of hospitals, even the abnormal of high-precision instruments. Thus.it is necessary to predict the vibration induced by the surrounding traffic loads before constructing the buildings.
The traditional structure design, which is based on probability and stochastic theories, usually becomes insufficient to obtain satisfactory results if the design parameters lack statistical information or are fuzzy. In fact, the traditional vibration analysis of buildings induced by running vehicles is very complicated since it involves many complex factors such as vehicle weight, speed, type of pavement or track, soil parameter, basement and structure type of the building itself. It is urgently need a new method to overcome these defects of traditional analysis.
This paper facuses on the building's structure vibration responses analysis based on the mono-, multi-source fuzzy number, and evaluating the vibration results by the ISO2631 standard,and these building vibrations are caused by the surrouding traffic loads. The main research works can be described as follows:
1 Perfection of fuzzy methodology. To overcome the losing sharpness problem associated with the standard fuzzy mixed operations, we propose to use the concept of mono- or multi-source fuzzy number to improve the fuzzy mixed operations. By the physical conceptions of mono-.multi-source fuzzy parameters of structures, we give new basic four and mixed operation principles. The example fuzzy interval results based on mono- or multi-source fuzzy number are more narrow than the standard fuzzy number operations. And the new mixed operations obey distributive and associative law.
2 The ralated derivation of structural linear vibration svstem based on mono- or multi-source fuzzy number operations. Then, the dynamic characteristics of undamped free vibration systems of multi-degree of freedom (MDOF) with single or multiple fuzzy parameters and the frequency response functions,the fuzzy vibration responses of linear damped vibration systems of MDOF are discussed. The example results show that, the fuzzy results are equal to the traditional certain vibration analysis method when the fuzzy parameters degrade to the detemined conditions.
3 Here, a practical engineering structure with fuzzy parameters is investigated as an example. The vibration of this building is evaluated based on the international standard ISO2631-1:1997. The analysis using the mono- or multi-source fuzzy number is given. Compared with the traditional certain vibration analysis method, the new method does not consider the vehicle weight, speed, pavement or track type, soil parameter, basement and structure type of the buildings, etc, if it is difficult to acquire the information of these parameters. It is shown that, using some vibration data from site test, the vibration response can be readily analyzed according to the structure fuzzy dynamic analysis steps proposed in the thesis. The results may be valuable to the design of the building before its construction.
在工程结构设计领域,一些设计参数由于缺乏充分的统计信息或者信息本身存在模糊性,采用传统的概率、随机理论进行计算分析,受方法限制或参数取值偏差,其结果往往不能令人满意。事实上,传统振动分析方法所涉及的交通车辆重量、速度、运行方式,轨道或道路,传播土层以及建筑物本身的参数均存在大量的不确定因素,准确获得这些参数的分布规律比较困难。因此需要寻找一种新的理论方法来解决。
本文以模糊数学为基础,研究基于单源或复合源模糊数的结构振动响应并结合建筑物振动评价国际标准(IS02631-1、2),系统研究可用来预测交通荷载引起的建筑物振动的新方法。主要内容如下：
1、完善模糊数学运算法则。针对传统模糊数学运算法则中存在的混合运算越运算越模糊问题,基于单源和复合源模糊数的概念,对模糊四则运算法则以及混合运算做了进一步的完善。通过赋予模糊参数以物理概念,指出多参数模糊混合运算应遵循的原则,解决了传统模糊运算存在的不符合结合律与分配律问题,然后通过算例来验证并与传统模糊运算方法做对比。结果表明,基于单源和复合源模糊数的模糊计算方法不但可以简化计算过程,而且缩小了计算结果的模糊区间。
2、系统的推导基于单源、复合源模糊数运算法则的结构线性振动系统相关内容。得出结构单参数、多参数模糊的多自由度无阻尼自由振动系统的动力特性,多参数模糊有阻尼动力有限元结构线性振动系统的频响函数及模糊振动响应。算例结果表明,当模糊参数退化到确定参数时,其结果与传统结构动力分析计算结果相同。
3、将复合源模糊数引入交通荷载引起的周边建筑振动分析,给出一个工程实践中应用基于模糊源的模糊动力方法预测交通荷载引起周边建筑物的振动响应算例,并结合建筑物内振动评价国际标准(IS02631,1997年版系列)进行建筑物振动评价,给出应用基于模糊源的模糊动力分析计算步骤。与其它方法相比,基于模糊源的结构模糊动力有限元分析不需要准确掌握车辆类型、速度,轨道或路面、路基参数,振动传播土层的动力参数等,只需测试拟建场地振动情况,按照文中介绍的步骤进行分析计算,可给出较为合适的预测结果供建筑设计人员参考。
With the rapid development of industry and the tension of industrial land usage of China, the planning roads or track traffics are closer to the building for living. business or advanced technology than before. So the vibration induced by these traffic loads propogates to the surrounding buildings.which often causes the uncomfort of living residents, staffs of business, the patients of hospitals, even the abnormal of high-precision instruments. Thus.it is necessary to predict the vibration induced by the surrounding traffic loads before constructing the buildings.
The traditional structure design, which is based on probability and stochastic theories, usually becomes insufficient to obtain satisfactory results if the design parameters lack statistical information or are fuzzy. In fact, the traditional vibration analysis of buildings induced by running vehicles is very complicated since it involves many complex factors such as vehicle weight, speed, type of pavement or track, soil parameter, basement and structure type of the building itself. It is urgently need a new method to overcome these defects of traditional analysis.
This paper facuses on the building's structure vibration responses analysis based on the mono-, multi-source fuzzy number, and evaluating the vibration results by the ISO2631 standard,and these building vibrations are caused by the surrouding traffic loads. The main research works can be described as follows:
1 Perfection of fuzzy methodology. To overcome the losing sharpness problem associated with the standard fuzzy mixed operations, we propose to use the concept of mono- or multi-source fuzzy number to improve the fuzzy mixed operations. By the physical conceptions of mono-.multi-source fuzzy parameters of structures, we give new basic four and mixed operation principles. The example fuzzy interval results based on mono- or multi-source fuzzy number are more narrow than the standard fuzzy number operations. And the new mixed operations obey distributive and associative law.
2 The ralated derivation of structural linear vibration svstem based on mono- or multi-source fuzzy number operations. Then, the dynamic characteristics of undamped free vibration systems of multi-degree of freedom (MDOF) with single or multiple fuzzy parameters and the frequency response functions,the fuzzy vibration responses of linear damped vibration systems of MDOF are discussed. The example results show that, the fuzzy results are equal to the traditional certain vibration analysis method when the fuzzy parameters degrade to the detemined conditions.
3 Here, a practical engineering structure with fuzzy parameters is investigated as an example. The vibration of this building is evaluated based on the international standard ISO2631-1:1997. The analysis using the mono- or multi-source fuzzy number is given. Compared with the traditional certain vibration analysis method, the new method does not consider the vehicle weight, speed, pavement or track type, soil parameter, basement and structure type of the buildings, etc, if it is difficult to acquire the information of these parameters. It is shown that, using some vibration data from site test, the vibration response can be readily analyzed according to the structure fuzzy dynamic analysis steps proposed in the thesis. The results may be valuable to the design of the building before its construction.
引文
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