绢丝丽蚌钩介幼虫优良宿主鱼选择试验研究
|
摘要
以寄生在每尾鱼鳃上的钩介幼虫的数量为基础，分析了钩介幼虫寄生密度与寄生时间对宿主鱼鳃上寄生数量的影响；用水族箱和网箱作为两种实验用培育寄生后宿主鱼的用具，分析了不同生态条件对寄生后宿主鱼的影响以及不同生态条件对钩介幼虫寄生变态发育的影响；用随机抽样法计算水族箱宿主鱼的稚蚌脱落数和脱落率。结果表明：在同一寄生时间同一寄生密度时，各种宿主鱼鳃上的钩介幼虫寄生数量具有显著的差异，并且鳙鳃上的钩介幼虫寄生数量最多，其次是鲫、草鱼、鲢、黄颡鱼。在较低密度1.72×10~6只／米~3和7×10~6只／米~3以及较高密度75×10~6只／米~3和85×10~6只／米~3时，寄生时间与寄生数量的关系呈相同的趋势，即寄生数量在一定时间内随寄生时间的延长而增加，但到一定时间后，寄生数量的增加量逐渐变缓；而在中间密度16.92×10~6只／米~3、30.3×10~6只／米~3和41.6×10~6只／米~3时，寄生时间与寄生数量呈线性关系，即寄生时间越长，寄生数量越多。在各种宿主鱼中，寄生时间一定时，寄生密度与寄生数量之间也呈线性关系，即随寄生密度增加，寄生数量也增加。
水族箱内培育寄生后宿主鱼时，投饵水族箱和不投饵水族箱的培育情况均较好，但投饵水族箱内宿主鱼的存活率、稚蚌脱落数和脱落率都要稍高于不投饵水族箱。投饵水族箱内，宿主鱼的存活率、稚蚌脱落数和脱落率的平均值分别是：寄生密度为11×10~6只／米~3，寄生时间为1～3分钟时，鲢：50％、16.31只／尾、11.26％；寄生密度为11×10~6只／米~3，寄生时间为0.5～1.5分钟时，鳙：70％、21.7只／尾、6.72％；寄生密度为17.85×10~6只／米~3，寄生时间为0.5～3分钟时，黄颡鱼：94.4％、136.43只／尾、61.62％；寄生密度为34.4×10~6只／米~3，寄生时间为1～3.5分钟时，鲫和草鱼的分别是：100％和92.6％、4.84只／尾和256.46只／尾、0.35％和31.19％。不投饵水族箱内(寄生时间和寄生密度与投饵水族箱内的对应)，宿主鱼的存活率、稚蚌脱落数和脱落率的平均值分别是：鲢：43.3％、12.67只／尾、8.35％；鳙：56.7％、14.5只／尾和5.47％；黄颡鱼：88.9％、
刘传凤:绢丝丽蚌钩介幼虫优良宿主鱼选择试验研究
107.8只/尾和57.13%:螂:88.9%、161只/尾和0.13%;草鱼:66.7%、
258.53只/尾和29.31%。水族箱内投饵和不投饵对钩介幼虫的变态发育无
显著影响，网箱和水族箱内钩介幼虫变态发育情况基本一致。网箱内寄
生密度和寄生时间与水族箱内对应时宿主鱼的存活率的平均值分别为:
鲍:81%;缩:93%;黄颗鱼:99%;卿:100%;草鱼:94%。网箱内
宿主鱼存活率要高于水族箱，因此网箱更适宜于培育寄生后的宿主鱼。
由宿主鱼鳃上寄生钩介幼虫的数量、宿主鱼的存活率、宿主鱼的稚
蚌脱落数和脱落率等综合因素表明，绢丝丽蚌钩介幼虫的优良宿主鱼为
鲍、缩、黄颖鱼和草鱼。
On the basis of the parasitic number of glochidia in every host-fish's gills, we analyzed how the parasitic densities and parasitic times affected the glochidia's parasitic number in the host-fish's gills; By cultivating the host-fishes in aquariums and cages, we examined the effects of eco-environments on the host-fishes with the glochidia in their gills and the parasitic metamorphosis development of glochidia; we calculated the larva mussels' dropping number and dropping rates of host-fishes in the aquariums by random sampling method. The results showed: The parasitic number of glochidia in the various host-fish's gills was significantly different from one another, moreover, the parasitic number in the gills of Aristichthys nobilis (Richardson) was most ,the following were Carassius auratus (Linnaeus) , Ctenopharyngodon idellus (Cuvier et Valenciennes) , Hypophthalmichthys molitrix( Cuvier et Valenciennes), Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Richardson) . Under the lower densities (1.72 million glochidia each cubic
meter and 7 million glochidia each cubic meter) as well as under the higher densities (75 million glochidia each cubic meter and 83 million glochidia each cubic meter), the relationship between the parasitic number and the parasitic time was: the number was increasing sharply with the time prolonged during the certain period, but after that, the increment was little; While under the median densities such as 16.92 million glochidia each cubic meter, 30.3 million glochidia each cubic meter and 41.6 million glochidia each cubic meter, there are linear relationship between the parasitic number and the parasitic time, in other words, longer the parasitic time, more the parasitic number. For all kinds of the host-fishes, the parasitic number is also correlated linearly with the parasitic densities when the parasitic time is constant, that is, the number is increasing
with the density added.
It would do well that the host-fish with glochidia were cultivated either in the feeding aquariums or in the non-feeding aquariums, however, in the feeding aquariums, the survival rate of host-fishes, the dropping number and dropping rate of the larva mussels in the gills of host-fishes were higher. In the feeding aquariums, the mean values of the survival rate, the larva mussels' dropping number and rate are respectively: with the parasitic density 11 million glochidia per cubic meter and the parasitic time one to three minutes, H.molitrix: 50%, 16.31 larva mussels per host-fish, 11.26%; with the parasitic density 11 million glochidia per cubic meter and the parasitic time 0.5 to 1.5 minutes, A.nobilis: 70%, 21.7 larva mussels per host-fish, 6.72%; with the parasitic density 17.85 million glochidia per cubic meter and the parasitic time 0.5 to 3 minutes, P.fulvidraco: 94.4%, 136.43 larva mussels per host-fish, 61.62%; with the parasitic density 34.4 million glochidia per cubic meter and the parasitic time 1 to 1.5 minutes, Carassius auratus and C.idellus respectively are: 100% and 92.6%, 4.84 larva mussels per host-fish and 256.46 larva mussels per host-fish, 0.35% and 31.19%. In the non-feeding aquariums, the mean values of the survival rate, the larva mussels' dropping number and dropping rate are respectively (the parasitic densities and the parasitic times are same as the feeding aquariums): H.molitrix: 43.3%, 12.67 larva mussels per host-fish and 8.35%; A.nobilis: 56.7%, 14.5 larva mussels per host-fish and 5.47%; P.fulvidraco: 88.9%, 107.8 larva mussels per host-fish and 57.13%; Carassius auratus : 88.9%, 1.61 larva mussels per host-fish and 0.13%. C.idellus : 66.7%, 256.46 larva mussels per host-fish and 29.31%. There were not significant defferent effects of feeding or non-feeding for the host-fishes on the parasitic metamorphosis development of the glochidia of Lamprotula fibrosa,the condition of glochidia's parasitic metamorphosis development in the aquariums and cages was concordant on the whole when the parasitic densities and the parasitic times in cages are same as the aquari
水族箱内培育寄生后宿主鱼时，投饵水族箱和不投饵水族箱的培育情况均较好，但投饵水族箱内宿主鱼的存活率、稚蚌脱落数和脱落率都要稍高于不投饵水族箱。投饵水族箱内，宿主鱼的存活率、稚蚌脱落数和脱落率的平均值分别是：寄生密度为11×10~6只／米~3，寄生时间为1～3分钟时，鲢：50％、16.31只／尾、11.26％；寄生密度为11×10~6只／米~3，寄生时间为0.5～1.5分钟时，鳙：70％、21.7只／尾、6.72％；寄生密度为17.85×10~6只／米~3，寄生时间为0.5～3分钟时，黄颡鱼：94.4％、136.43只／尾、61.62％；寄生密度为34.4×10~6只／米~3，寄生时间为1～3.5分钟时，鲫和草鱼的分别是：100％和92.6％、4.84只／尾和256.46只／尾、0.35％和31.19％。不投饵水族箱内(寄生时间和寄生密度与投饵水族箱内的对应)，宿主鱼的存活率、稚蚌脱落数和脱落率的平均值分别是：鲢：43.3％、12.67只／尾、8.35％；鳙：56.7％、14.5只／尾和5.47％；黄颡鱼：88.9％、
刘传凤:绢丝丽蚌钩介幼虫优良宿主鱼选择试验研究
107.8只/尾和57.13%:螂:88.9%、161只/尾和0.13%;草鱼:66.7%、
258.53只/尾和29.31%。水族箱内投饵和不投饵对钩介幼虫的变态发育无
显著影响，网箱和水族箱内钩介幼虫变态发育情况基本一致。网箱内寄
生密度和寄生时间与水族箱内对应时宿主鱼的存活率的平均值分别为:
鲍:81%;缩:93%;黄颗鱼:99%;卿:100%;草鱼:94%。网箱内
宿主鱼存活率要高于水族箱，因此网箱更适宜于培育寄生后的宿主鱼。
由宿主鱼鳃上寄生钩介幼虫的数量、宿主鱼的存活率、宿主鱼的稚
蚌脱落数和脱落率等综合因素表明，绢丝丽蚌钩介幼虫的优良宿主鱼为
鲍、缩、黄颖鱼和草鱼。
On the basis of the parasitic number of glochidia in every host-fish's gills, we analyzed how the parasitic densities and parasitic times affected the glochidia's parasitic number in the host-fish's gills; By cultivating the host-fishes in aquariums and cages, we examined the effects of eco-environments on the host-fishes with the glochidia in their gills and the parasitic metamorphosis development of glochidia; we calculated the larva mussels' dropping number and dropping rates of host-fishes in the aquariums by random sampling method. The results showed: The parasitic number of glochidia in the various host-fish's gills was significantly different from one another, moreover, the parasitic number in the gills of Aristichthys nobilis (Richardson) was most ,the following were Carassius auratus (Linnaeus) , Ctenopharyngodon idellus (Cuvier et Valenciennes) , Hypophthalmichthys molitrix( Cuvier et Valenciennes), Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Richardson) . Under the lower densities (1.72 million glochidia each cubic
meter and 7 million glochidia each cubic meter) as well as under the higher densities (75 million glochidia each cubic meter and 83 million glochidia each cubic meter), the relationship between the parasitic number and the parasitic time was: the number was increasing sharply with the time prolonged during the certain period, but after that, the increment was little; While under the median densities such as 16.92 million glochidia each cubic meter, 30.3 million glochidia each cubic meter and 41.6 million glochidia each cubic meter, there are linear relationship between the parasitic number and the parasitic time, in other words, longer the parasitic time, more the parasitic number. For all kinds of the host-fishes, the parasitic number is also correlated linearly with the parasitic densities when the parasitic time is constant, that is, the number is increasing
with the density added.
It would do well that the host-fish with glochidia were cultivated either in the feeding aquariums or in the non-feeding aquariums, however, in the feeding aquariums, the survival rate of host-fishes, the dropping number and dropping rate of the larva mussels in the gills of host-fishes were higher. In the feeding aquariums, the mean values of the survival rate, the larva mussels' dropping number and rate are respectively: with the parasitic density 11 million glochidia per cubic meter and the parasitic time one to three minutes, H.molitrix: 50%, 16.31 larva mussels per host-fish, 11.26%; with the parasitic density 11 million glochidia per cubic meter and the parasitic time 0.5 to 1.5 minutes, A.nobilis: 70%, 21.7 larva mussels per host-fish, 6.72%; with the parasitic density 17.85 million glochidia per cubic meter and the parasitic time 0.5 to 3 minutes, P.fulvidraco: 94.4%, 136.43 larva mussels per host-fish, 61.62%; with the parasitic density 34.4 million glochidia per cubic meter and the parasitic time 1 to 1.5 minutes, Carassius auratus and C.idellus respectively are: 100% and 92.6%, 4.84 larva mussels per host-fish and 256.46 larva mussels per host-fish, 0.35% and 31.19%. In the non-feeding aquariums, the mean values of the survival rate, the larva mussels' dropping number and dropping rate are respectively (the parasitic densities and the parasitic times are same as the feeding aquariums): H.molitrix: 43.3%, 12.67 larva mussels per host-fish and 8.35%; A.nobilis: 56.7%, 14.5 larva mussels per host-fish and 5.47%; P.fulvidraco: 88.9%, 107.8 larva mussels per host-fish and 57.13%; Carassius auratus : 88.9%, 1.61 larva mussels per host-fish and 0.13%. C.idellus : 66.7%, 256.46 larva mussels per host-fish and 29.31%. There were not significant defferent effects of feeding or non-feeding for the host-fishes on the parasitic metamorphosis development of the glochidia of Lamprotula fibrosa,the condition of glochidia's parasitic metamorphosis development in the aquariums and cages was concordant on the whole when the parasitic densities and the parasitic times in cages are same as the aquari
引文
1．潘炳炎、黄文贵、文仲芬，1994。珍珠实用新技术。中国农业科技出版社。
2．李兆龙、陶薇薇，1991。甲壳及贝壳的综合利用。海洋出版社。
3．朱子义，1996。网湖绢丝丽蚌的繁殖、食性与生长的研究。硕士论文。
4．刘月英、王跃先、张文珍，1965。我国的丽蚌及其经济意义。生物学通报，(1)：16～23。
5．刘月英、王跃先、张文珍等，1979。中国经济动物志—淡水软体动物。科学出版社。
6．朱子义、龚世园、张训蒲等，1997。绢丝丽蚌的繁殖习性研究。华中农业大学学报，16(4)：374～379。
7．龚世园、朱子义、杨学芬等，1997。网湖绢丝丽蚌食性的研究。华中农业大学学报，16(6)：589～593。
8．龚世园、张训蒲、王明学等，1997。网湖水域中绢丝丽蚌贝壳形态的研究。水生生物学报，21(4)：341～346。
9．龚世园，1998。绢丝丽蚌的配子发生。水产学报，22(1)：81～84。
10．龚世园、杨瑞斌、但汉华，1998。绢丝丽蚌的软体部形态初步观察。水利渔业，(3)：31～33。
11．黄峰、龚世园、张训蒲等，1997。绢丝丽蚌的蚌壳珍珠层成分分析。华中农业大学学报，(增)25：138～141。
12．杨学芬、龚世园、张训蒲等，2000。绢丝丽蚌寄生变态发育的研究。应用生态学报，11(1)：131～134。
13．林岗，1986。佛耳丽蚌。中国水产，(11)：23。
14．施守琪，1986。佛耳丽蚌。科学养鱼，(4)：23。
15．李辉，1990。佛耳丽蚌成为珍珠贝的可能性。贝类学论文集(第三辑)。科学出版社。
16．甘西、高健，1991。佛耳丽蚌的年龄与生长。水产学报，15(4)：
344～346。
17．甘西，1996。佛耳丽蚌的生物学研究。江西水产科技，(4)：17～23。
18．魏青山、王玉凤，1994。论丽蚌资源的保护与增殖。水产科技情报，21(2)：38～39。
19．魏青山、郭先武、樊启学等，1993。涨渡湖的贝类种群结构及合理利用的研究。水利渔业，67(5)：23～25。
20．王玉凤、魏青山，1994。刻裂丽蚌的繁殖生物学。华中农业大学学报，13(2)：170～174。
21．王玉风、魏青山，1994。洞穴丽蚌的繁殖生物学。中国动物学会成立60周年纪念论文集。中国科学技术出版社。
22．张训蒲、龚世园、朱子义等，1997。网湖洞穴丽蚌卵巢发育的组织学研究。华中农业大学学报，(增刊)25：12～15。
23．黎会平、、龚世园、张家波等，1997。网湖洞穴丽蚌精巢发育的组织学研究。华中农业大学学报，(增刊)25：21～23。
24．杨学芬、龚世园、张训蒲等，1999。绢丝丽蚌胚胎发育的研究。水生生物学报，23(4)：359～362。
25. CHOIKC(崔基哲), etal, 1965. Ecological studies on the Lamprotula coreana,(1)On the breeding season and the larve, glochidia. The Korean Journal of Zoology,8(2):67～72.
26．张元培、韩德举，1996。名优珍珠养殖及饰品加工。中国农业出版社。
27．戈贤平，1996。河蚌育珠与珍珠加工技术问答。科学普及出版社。
28．李松荣，1997。淡水珍珠培育技术。金盾出版社。
29．张德生、黄平、潘宏彬，1994。背角无齿蚌人工繁殖技术初探。水产养殖，(1)：8～9。
30．门摩西、王林如、钱赐昌等，1976。三角帆蚌的人工繁殖及幼蚌的培育。淡水渔业科技杂志，(9)：19～24。
31．程振良，1994。三角帆蚌人工繁殖中的技术要点。中国水产，(1)：30。
32．肖和平，1989。三角帆蚌的人工繁殖与育苗技术。水产养殖，(4)：6～7。
33．益民，1989。三角帆蚌的人工育苗实用工艺。中国水产，(10)：35～36。
34．戴维波，1986。三角帆蚌人工育苗试验小结。齐鲁渔业，(1)：27～28。
35．叶锦春、王鸿泰、王斌等，1990。提高三角帆蚌幼蚌成活率的探讨。淡水渔业，(2)：20～23。
36．吴其文，1995。三角帆蚌的繁殖和培育。科学养鱼，(12)：27～28。
37．陆鼎言、郑永敢，1993。利用水库表层水提早繁育三角帆蚌试验。淡水渔业，23(3)：30～33。
38．徐在宽，1987。育珠蚌人工繁殖过程中值得注意的几个问题。水产科技情报，(2)：18～19。
39．孙伯庆、陆赐惠、费国平，1996。蚌的人工繁育暨育蚌技术操作规程。淡水渔业，26(1)：39～41。
40．吴小平、梁彦龄、王洪铸，1999。蚌科钩介幼虫比较形态学研究Ⅰ．四种幼虫形态。水生生物学报，23(2)：141～145。
41．曹文明、韩名竹、徐在宽等，1995。调控生态环境，快速培育三角帆蚌幼蚌。水产养殖，(4)：2～3。
42．郑光明、魏青山，2000。武昌南湖圆背角无齿蚌雌蚌繁殖特征的研究。华中农业大学学报，19(5)：490～493。
43．张玺、林振涛，1959。蚌的形态、习性和我国习见的种类。生物学通报，(5)：204～212。
44．李生武，2000。淡水珍珠蚌的苗种繁殖。科学养鱼，127(6)：13。
45．李生武，2000。淡水珍珠蚌的苗种繁殖。科学养鱼，128(7)：16。
46. Bauer. G.Hochwald,S.& Silkenat,W, 1991. Spatial distribution of freshwater mussels:the role of host fish and metabolic rate.Freshwater Biology,26:377～386.
47. Zale,A.V.& Neves,R.J.,1982.Fish hosts of four species of Lampsiline mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in big Moccasin creek virginia can. J.Zool. ,60:2535～2542.
48. Yeager,B.L.& Neves,R.J.,1986. Reproductive cycle and fish hosts of the Rabbit's Foot Mussels, Quadrala Cylindricastrigillata (Mollusca:Unionidae) in the upper Tennessee River Drainage. The America Midland Naturalist,116(2):329～340.
49. Trdan,R.J. & Hoeh,W.R.,1982. Eurytopic host use by two congeneric species of freshwater mussel (Pelecypoda:Unionidae:Anodonta),AM.MIDL.NAT.,108(2):381～388.
50. Fukuhara, S.& Nagata, Y. & Yamada, Y., 1986.Glochidium parastitic period, host-fish and parastic site of Anodonta Woodiana in small pond.VENUS JAP.J.MALACOL. KAIIATSU,45(1):43～52.
51. Neves, R..J.& Weaver,J.R.&Zale,A.V.,1985.An evaluation of host fish suitability for glochidia of villosa vanuxemi and V. Nebulosa (Pelecypoda: Unionidae).AM. MIDL.MAT.,113(1):13～19.
52. Neves, R.J. & Wildlak,J.C.,1988.Occurrence of glochidia in stream drift and on fishes of the upper North Fork Holston River, Virginia.AM.MIDL,NAT.,119(1):111～120.
53. Zale A.V. & Neves R.J., 1982. Identification of a Host Fish for Alasmidonta minor (Mollusca:Unionidae).AM. MIDL.NAT.,107(2):386~388.
54. Wood,E.M.,1974.Development and morphology of the glochidium larva of Anodonta lygnea (Molluscca:bivalvia)J.Zool.,London,173:1～13.
55. Zale,A.V.&Neves,R.J.,1982.Reproductive biology of four freshwater mussels in Virginia.Freshwater Invertebrate Biology, 1(1):17-28.
56. Geoge lefevre,Winterton C.Curtis,1912.Studies on the reproduc-tion and artificial propagation of freshwater mussels.Jashington:Government Printing office,140～154.
2．李兆龙、陶薇薇，1991。甲壳及贝壳的综合利用。海洋出版社。
3．朱子义，1996。网湖绢丝丽蚌的繁殖、食性与生长的研究。硕士论文。
4．刘月英、王跃先、张文珍，1965。我国的丽蚌及其经济意义。生物学通报，(1)：16～23。
5．刘月英、王跃先、张文珍等，1979。中国经济动物志—淡水软体动物。科学出版社。
6．朱子义、龚世园、张训蒲等，1997。绢丝丽蚌的繁殖习性研究。华中农业大学学报，16(4)：374～379。
7．龚世园、朱子义、杨学芬等，1997。网湖绢丝丽蚌食性的研究。华中农业大学学报，16(6)：589～593。
8．龚世园、张训蒲、王明学等，1997。网湖水域中绢丝丽蚌贝壳形态的研究。水生生物学报，21(4)：341～346。
9．龚世园，1998。绢丝丽蚌的配子发生。水产学报，22(1)：81～84。
10．龚世园、杨瑞斌、但汉华，1998。绢丝丽蚌的软体部形态初步观察。水利渔业，(3)：31～33。
11．黄峰、龚世园、张训蒲等，1997。绢丝丽蚌的蚌壳珍珠层成分分析。华中农业大学学报，(增)25：138～141。
12．杨学芬、龚世园、张训蒲等，2000。绢丝丽蚌寄生变态发育的研究。应用生态学报，11(1)：131～134。
13．林岗，1986。佛耳丽蚌。中国水产，(11)：23。
14．施守琪，1986。佛耳丽蚌。科学养鱼，(4)：23。
15．李辉，1990。佛耳丽蚌成为珍珠贝的可能性。贝类学论文集(第三辑)。科学出版社。
16．甘西、高健，1991。佛耳丽蚌的年龄与生长。水产学报，15(4)：
344～346。
17．甘西，1996。佛耳丽蚌的生物学研究。江西水产科技，(4)：17～23。
18．魏青山、王玉凤，1994。论丽蚌资源的保护与增殖。水产科技情报，21(2)：38～39。
19．魏青山、郭先武、樊启学等，1993。涨渡湖的贝类种群结构及合理利用的研究。水利渔业，67(5)：23～25。
20．王玉凤、魏青山，1994。刻裂丽蚌的繁殖生物学。华中农业大学学报，13(2)：170～174。
21．王玉风、魏青山，1994。洞穴丽蚌的繁殖生物学。中国动物学会成立60周年纪念论文集。中国科学技术出版社。
22．张训蒲、龚世园、朱子义等，1997。网湖洞穴丽蚌卵巢发育的组织学研究。华中农业大学学报，(增刊)25：12～15。
23．黎会平、、龚世园、张家波等，1997。网湖洞穴丽蚌精巢发育的组织学研究。华中农业大学学报，(增刊)25：21～23。
24．杨学芬、龚世园、张训蒲等，1999。绢丝丽蚌胚胎发育的研究。水生生物学报，23(4)：359～362。
25. CHOIKC(崔基哲), etal, 1965. Ecological studies on the Lamprotula coreana,(1)On the breeding season and the larve, glochidia. The Korean Journal of Zoology,8(2):67～72.
26．张元培、韩德举，1996。名优珍珠养殖及饰品加工。中国农业出版社。
27．戈贤平，1996。河蚌育珠与珍珠加工技术问答。科学普及出版社。
28．李松荣，1997。淡水珍珠培育技术。金盾出版社。
29．张德生、黄平、潘宏彬，1994。背角无齿蚌人工繁殖技术初探。水产养殖，(1)：8～9。
30．门摩西、王林如、钱赐昌等，1976。三角帆蚌的人工繁殖及幼蚌的培育。淡水渔业科技杂志，(9)：19～24。
31．程振良，1994。三角帆蚌人工繁殖中的技术要点。中国水产，(1)：30。
32．肖和平，1989。三角帆蚌的人工繁殖与育苗技术。水产养殖，(4)：6～7。
33．益民，1989。三角帆蚌的人工育苗实用工艺。中国水产，(10)：35～36。
34．戴维波，1986。三角帆蚌人工育苗试验小结。齐鲁渔业，(1)：27～28。
35．叶锦春、王鸿泰、王斌等，1990。提高三角帆蚌幼蚌成活率的探讨。淡水渔业，(2)：20～23。
36．吴其文，1995。三角帆蚌的繁殖和培育。科学养鱼，(12)：27～28。
37．陆鼎言、郑永敢，1993。利用水库表层水提早繁育三角帆蚌试验。淡水渔业，23(3)：30～33。
38．徐在宽，1987。育珠蚌人工繁殖过程中值得注意的几个问题。水产科技情报，(2)：18～19。
39．孙伯庆、陆赐惠、费国平，1996。蚌的人工繁育暨育蚌技术操作规程。淡水渔业，26(1)：39～41。
40．吴小平、梁彦龄、王洪铸，1999。蚌科钩介幼虫比较形态学研究Ⅰ．四种幼虫形态。水生生物学报，23(2)：141～145。
41．曹文明、韩名竹、徐在宽等，1995。调控生态环境，快速培育三角帆蚌幼蚌。水产养殖，(4)：2～3。
42．郑光明、魏青山，2000。武昌南湖圆背角无齿蚌雌蚌繁殖特征的研究。华中农业大学学报，19(5)：490～493。
43．张玺、林振涛，1959。蚌的形态、习性和我国习见的种类。生物学通报，(5)：204～212。
44．李生武，2000。淡水珍珠蚌的苗种繁殖。科学养鱼，127(6)：13。
45．李生武，2000。淡水珍珠蚌的苗种繁殖。科学养鱼，128(7)：16。
46. Bauer. G.Hochwald,S.& Silkenat,W, 1991. Spatial distribution of freshwater mussels:the role of host fish and metabolic rate.Freshwater Biology,26:377～386.
47. Zale,A.V.& Neves,R.J.,1982.Fish hosts of four species of Lampsiline mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in big Moccasin creek virginia can. J.Zool. ,60:2535～2542.
48. Yeager,B.L.& Neves,R.J.,1986. Reproductive cycle and fish hosts of the Rabbit's Foot Mussels, Quadrala Cylindricastrigillata (Mollusca:Unionidae) in the upper Tennessee River Drainage. The America Midland Naturalist,116(2):329～340.
49. Trdan,R.J. & Hoeh,W.R.,1982. Eurytopic host use by two congeneric species of freshwater mussel (Pelecypoda:Unionidae:Anodonta),AM.MIDL.NAT.,108(2):381～388.
50. Fukuhara, S.& Nagata, Y. & Yamada, Y., 1986.Glochidium parastitic period, host-fish and parastic site of Anodonta Woodiana in small pond.VENUS JAP.J.MALACOL. KAIIATSU,45(1):43～52.
51. Neves, R..J.& Weaver,J.R.&Zale,A.V.,1985.An evaluation of host fish suitability for glochidia of villosa vanuxemi and V. Nebulosa (Pelecypoda: Unionidae).AM. MIDL.MAT.,113(1):13～19.
52. Neves, R.J. & Wildlak,J.C.,1988.Occurrence of glochidia in stream drift and on fishes of the upper North Fork Holston River, Virginia.AM.MIDL,NAT.,119(1):111～120.
53. Zale A.V. & Neves R.J., 1982. Identification of a Host Fish for Alasmidonta minor (Mollusca:Unionidae).AM. MIDL.NAT.,107(2):386~388.
54. Wood,E.M.,1974.Development and morphology of the glochidium larva of Anodonta lygnea (Molluscca:bivalvia)J.Zool.,London,173:1～13.
55. Zale,A.V.&Neves,R.J.,1982.Reproductive biology of four freshwater mussels in Virginia.Freshwater Invertebrate Biology, 1(1):17-28.
56. Geoge lefevre,Winterton C.Curtis,1912.Studies on the reproduc-tion and artificial propagation of freshwater mussels.Jashington:Government Printing office,140～154.