突发事件条件下列车运行组织理论与方法研究
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摘要
我国铁路自然灾害具有广泛性、频发性、多样性等特征,铁路事故与铁路公共安全事件也偶有发生。这些突发事件的发生,影响了铁路线路的通过能力,降低了我国铁路客货运输的安全性和效率,客观上需要研究突发事件条件下列车运行组织问题。
另一方面,随着铁路尤其是高速铁路运营里程不断增长,我国铁路线路网络拓扑结构也在发生深刻的变化。新的路网逐渐形成,为基于路网的列车运行组织工作提供了条件,同时也使得列车运行组织工作变得更加复杂。基于路网的列车运行组织问题亟待研究。
而我国铁路运输指挥调度系统仍处于相对独立的阶段。既有普速、既有城际与新建高速线路的列车运行调度系统在技术上尚未实现着眼于路网的列车运行综合调度指挥。铁路生产组织模式还是以运行区段为单位进行调度指挥的模式,基于路网的列车运行调度指挥没有形成理论体系,也缺少相应方法。这与我国铁路网络越来越复杂的现实是很不协调的。
本论文首先界定了突发事件的内涵与外延,并基于国内外的研究现状,利用系统分析的方法,结合我国铁路生产实际,以系统的观点阐述了突发事件条件下列车运行组织问题。分析了突发事件条件下铁路运输系统的构成、边界、功能、行为、演化等,给出了突发事件条件下列车运行组织问题的层次结构。以此为基础,结合目前列车运行组织理论研究及实际应用方面成果,对突发事件条件下列车运行组织问题的特点、内涵、原则与方法等进行了论述。
然后研究了突发事件条件下铁路线路区间通过能力的计算问题。对突发事件条件下区间能力的随机特性进行了分析,提出了基于概率统计原理的区间通过能力计算方法,为突发事件条件下列车运行径路生成提供能力约束。设计了针对我国铁路新路网的突发事件条件下径路生成的K-最短路算法,搜索突发事件条件下路网上列车运行的可行径路,形成可行径路集。
再次,建立突发事件条件下列车运行组织问题双层(列车运行径路分配、列车运行调整)规划模型。对突发事件条件下列车运行径路分配目标系数的模糊性进行处理,综合考虑突发事件条件下车站能力与区间通过能力约束,设计了上层规划—突发事件条件下列车运行径路分配模型并给出了基于参数取值模糊可变域原理的求解方法和步骤。
然后对下层规划问题—列车在径路上的运行调整问题进行建模。定义了列车运行计划稳定性并进行了量化处理,结合列车晚点广义惩罚,充分考虑决策者的模糊偏好,设计了列车运行调整综合优化目标—列车运行调整综合满意度。将传统的列车运行调整模型中的约束条件进行进一步凝炼,给出更全面、更普适的表达。将模糊算子和收敛因子引入粒子群优化算法,在计算效率与精度方面进行了改进,并将该算法应用于列车运行调整模型求解中,设计了详细的计算步骤。
最后,给出一个突发事件案例,将本文设计的突发事件条件下列车运行径路分配模型具体化,求解该模型,得到列车运行径路分配方案,并以此为依据,调整各径路上的列车运行计划,实证了本文所述模型方法对突发事件条件下列车运行组织问题的有效性。
本论文为突发事件条件下列车运行组织问题提供了一整套解决方案,是铁路列车运行组织理论体系的补充,为我国列车运行综合调度系统的建设提供了参考。
The natural disasters affecting railway are characterized by universality, frequency and variety in china. And there are occasional railway accidents railway safety public incidents, which declined the capacity of the railway line and reduce the safety and efficiency of the passenger and freight transportation. So it requires research on an objective basis to study the train operating problem in emergency.
On the other hand, with the increase of the railway (especially high-speed railway) available mileage, the topology structure of the railway network is changing profoundly. A new railway network is forming gradually, which provides conditions for organizing the train operating work based on the network and makes the train operating work more complicated. It is urgent to study the train operating problem based on the railway network.
China railway transportation dispatching system is in the stage of decentralized. Comprehensive train dispatching based on railway network has not been technically realized in the dispatching systems of the existent normal speed railway, existent intercity railway and newly built high-speed railway. The pattern of railway work organization is the one which takes the sections as the dispatching units. The theory system on network based dispatching has not been formed and the corresponding methods are rare, which is not compatible with the current situation that the railway network is becoming more and more complicated.
In this dissertation, we define the intension and extension of emergency firstly. Then, using the system analysis method, we discuss the train operating problem in emergency in the view of system based on the home and abroad related research, analyze the construction, boundary, function, behavior, evolution of the railway transportation system in emergency and provide the levels and structure of the problem of train operation organization in emergency. On this basis, we study the character, connotation, rules and methods of the train operating problem on railway network in emergency based on the study and application achievements of train operating.
Then, we study the problem of section capacity calculation in emergency. We analyze stochastic character of the section capacity in emergency, present the method to compute section capacity based on mathematical statistics principle, providing constraints information for train paths generating in emergency. We design the K-shortest algorithm directed towards the generation of the paths on new China railway network in emergency to find the paths and form the paths set.
In addition, we build a bi-level programming model (Train Paths Distributing, Train Rescheduling) on train operating in emergency. It deals with the fuzzy characters of the parameters in the optimizing objectives of the train paths distributing in emergency. The upper layer programming model-Train Paths Distributing model is designed based on the overall consideration of the section and station capacity constraints. The calculating methods and steps based on fuzzy variable range for parameter value are provided.
Moreover, we build the Train Rescheduling on paths model. We define and quantize the timetable stability. We define the comprehensive optimizing objective-train rescheduling comprehensive satisfactory degree on the consideration of the fuzzy preference of the decision-makers and the generalized train delay punishment. The constraints in the traditional train rescheduling models are condensed and described roundly and universally. The fuzzy factors and convergent factors are hired in the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm to improve the computing efficiency and accuracy. The improved algorithm is applied in solving the train rescheduling problem and the detailed steps of the algorithm are designed.
At last, we present a case study to materialize and solve the train paths distributing model, from which the distributing plan is obtained. Taking the results as the basic information, we adjust the train timetable on the paths. The results prove the availability of the models and the algorithms designed for train operating in emergency.
The dissertation provides a solution for train operating in emergency, which is a supplement for the railway train operating theory system. It also can be a reference for the construction of China railway comprehensive dispatching system.
另一方面,随着铁路尤其是高速铁路运营里程不断增长,我国铁路线路网络拓扑结构也在发生深刻的变化。新的路网逐渐形成,为基于路网的列车运行组织工作提供了条件,同时也使得列车运行组织工作变得更加复杂。基于路网的列车运行组织问题亟待研究。
而我国铁路运输指挥调度系统仍处于相对独立的阶段。既有普速、既有城际与新建高速线路的列车运行调度系统在技术上尚未实现着眼于路网的列车运行综合调度指挥。铁路生产组织模式还是以运行区段为单位进行调度指挥的模式,基于路网的列车运行调度指挥没有形成理论体系,也缺少相应方法。这与我国铁路网络越来越复杂的现实是很不协调的。
本论文首先界定了突发事件的内涵与外延,并基于国内外的研究现状,利用系统分析的方法,结合我国铁路生产实际,以系统的观点阐述了突发事件条件下列车运行组织问题。分析了突发事件条件下铁路运输系统的构成、边界、功能、行为、演化等,给出了突发事件条件下列车运行组织问题的层次结构。以此为基础,结合目前列车运行组织理论研究及实际应用方面成果,对突发事件条件下列车运行组织问题的特点、内涵、原则与方法等进行了论述。
然后研究了突发事件条件下铁路线路区间通过能力的计算问题。对突发事件条件下区间能力的随机特性进行了分析,提出了基于概率统计原理的区间通过能力计算方法,为突发事件条件下列车运行径路生成提供能力约束。设计了针对我国铁路新路网的突发事件条件下径路生成的K-最短路算法,搜索突发事件条件下路网上列车运行的可行径路,形成可行径路集。
再次,建立突发事件条件下列车运行组织问题双层(列车运行径路分配、列车运行调整)规划模型。对突发事件条件下列车运行径路分配目标系数的模糊性进行处理,综合考虑突发事件条件下车站能力与区间通过能力约束,设计了上层规划—突发事件条件下列车运行径路分配模型并给出了基于参数取值模糊可变域原理的求解方法和步骤。
然后对下层规划问题—列车在径路上的运行调整问题进行建模。定义了列车运行计划稳定性并进行了量化处理,结合列车晚点广义惩罚,充分考虑决策者的模糊偏好,设计了列车运行调整综合优化目标—列车运行调整综合满意度。将传统的列车运行调整模型中的约束条件进行进一步凝炼,给出更全面、更普适的表达。将模糊算子和收敛因子引入粒子群优化算法,在计算效率与精度方面进行了改进,并将该算法应用于列车运行调整模型求解中,设计了详细的计算步骤。
最后,给出一个突发事件案例,将本文设计的突发事件条件下列车运行径路分配模型具体化,求解该模型,得到列车运行径路分配方案,并以此为依据,调整各径路上的列车运行计划,实证了本文所述模型方法对突发事件条件下列车运行组织问题的有效性。
本论文为突发事件条件下列车运行组织问题提供了一整套解决方案,是铁路列车运行组织理论体系的补充,为我国列车运行综合调度系统的建设提供了参考。
The natural disasters affecting railway are characterized by universality, frequency and variety in china. And there are occasional railway accidents railway safety public incidents, which declined the capacity of the railway line and reduce the safety and efficiency of the passenger and freight transportation. So it requires research on an objective basis to study the train operating problem in emergency.
On the other hand, with the increase of the railway (especially high-speed railway) available mileage, the topology structure of the railway network is changing profoundly. A new railway network is forming gradually, which provides conditions for organizing the train operating work based on the network and makes the train operating work more complicated. It is urgent to study the train operating problem based on the railway network.
China railway transportation dispatching system is in the stage of decentralized. Comprehensive train dispatching based on railway network has not been technically realized in the dispatching systems of the existent normal speed railway, existent intercity railway and newly built high-speed railway. The pattern of railway work organization is the one which takes the sections as the dispatching units. The theory system on network based dispatching has not been formed and the corresponding methods are rare, which is not compatible with the current situation that the railway network is becoming more and more complicated.
In this dissertation, we define the intension and extension of emergency firstly. Then, using the system analysis method, we discuss the train operating problem in emergency in the view of system based on the home and abroad related research, analyze the construction, boundary, function, behavior, evolution of the railway transportation system in emergency and provide the levels and structure of the problem of train operation organization in emergency. On this basis, we study the character, connotation, rules and methods of the train operating problem on railway network in emergency based on the study and application achievements of train operating.
Then, we study the problem of section capacity calculation in emergency. We analyze stochastic character of the section capacity in emergency, present the method to compute section capacity based on mathematical statistics principle, providing constraints information for train paths generating in emergency. We design the K-shortest algorithm directed towards the generation of the paths on new China railway network in emergency to find the paths and form the paths set.
In addition, we build a bi-level programming model (Train Paths Distributing, Train Rescheduling) on train operating in emergency. It deals with the fuzzy characters of the parameters in the optimizing objectives of the train paths distributing in emergency. The upper layer programming model-Train Paths Distributing model is designed based on the overall consideration of the section and station capacity constraints. The calculating methods and steps based on fuzzy variable range for parameter value are provided.
Moreover, we build the Train Rescheduling on paths model. We define and quantize the timetable stability. We define the comprehensive optimizing objective-train rescheduling comprehensive satisfactory degree on the consideration of the fuzzy preference of the decision-makers and the generalized train delay punishment. The constraints in the traditional train rescheduling models are condensed and described roundly and universally. The fuzzy factors and convergent factors are hired in the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm to improve the computing efficiency and accuracy. The improved algorithm is applied in solving the train rescheduling problem and the detailed steps of the algorithm are designed.
At last, we present a case study to materialize and solve the train paths distributing model, from which the distributing plan is obtained. Taking the results as the basic information, we adjust the train timetable on the paths. The results prove the availability of the models and the algorithms designed for train operating in emergency.
The dissertation provides a solution for train operating in emergency, which is a supplement for the railway train operating theory system. It also can be a reference for the construction of China railway comprehensive dispatching system.
引文
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