半色调图像的压缩算法研究
摘要
在二值图像传真和文档管理系统等应用中,半色调图像压缩技术有着极大的实用价值。论文研究了国内外半色调图像压缩的现状,介绍了二值图像和二值文档压缩的国际标准JBIG2,通过分析半色调图像的产生过程和分类,总结得出半色调图像的特征。在研究现有图像压缩算法的基础上,提出了一种基于JBIG2的半色调图像压缩算法,同时提供了解码器可以采用的后期处理操作,以进一步改善图像质量。该压缩算法是有损的,所以必须注意要尽可能地减少在解压缩后的图像中引入人工纹理。实验证明,论文提出的编码方法对周期性半色调图的压缩非常有效,如果周期是完整的并且是整型的,可以得到完全无损的编码。对随机性半色调图像,文中的编码方法取得的压缩率明显地优于无损压缩。同时,该算法也能较好地解决图像质量降低和人工纹理较多的问题。
The technique for halftone compression is great valuable in applications of fax in the bi-level image, document management systems, etc. This paper does much research on the status quo of halftone compression at home and abroad, introduces the international standard for compression of bi-level images and bi-level documents- JBIG2, and concludes the characteristics of halftone by analyzing the generation and classification of halftone image. Based on the studying the algorithms available for image compression, an algorithms based JBIG2 for halftone image compression is proposed in the paper, and it is also showed post processing the decoder may apply to increase the quality further. It is noticeable that the coding method has some loss in introducing artifacts in the reconstructed image. Experiments show that the coding method constitutes an effective coding for periodic halftones image, when the period is complete and integer, the coding method can provide perceptually lossless coding, and for stochastic halftones, the coding method provides a significant compression rate compared to lossless coding. Furthermore, the algorithm can improve the image quality by reducing or avoiding artificial texture.
The technique for halftone compression is great valuable in applications of fax in the bi-level image, document management systems, etc. This paper does much research on the status quo of halftone compression at home and abroad, introduces the international standard for compression of bi-level images and bi-level documents- JBIG2, and concludes the characteristics of halftone by analyzing the generation and classification of halftone image. Based on the studying the algorithms available for image compression, an algorithms based JBIG2 for halftone image compression is proposed in the paper, and it is also showed post processing the decoder may apply to increase the quality further. It is noticeable that the coding method has some loss in introducing artifacts in the reconstructed image. Experiments show that the coding method constitutes an effective coding for periodic halftones image, when the period is complete and integer, the coding method can provide perceptually lossless coding, and for stochastic halftones, the coding method provides a significant compression rate compared to lossless coding. Furthermore, the algorithm can improve the image quality by reducing or avoiding artificial texture.
引文
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[14]陈传波,金先级.数字图像处理.第一版.北京:机械工业出版社,2004年7月.pp132-134。
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[16]P. Howard, F. Kossentini, B. Martins, S. Forchhammer,W. Ruchlidge,F. Ono: 1998, The Emerging JBIG-2 Standard, IEEE Trans on Circuit and Systems for VideoTechnology Sep.1998,8(5).pp838-843.
[17]边文奎,何丕廉,徐梦苏.二值图象压缩标准——JBIG2.计算机工程与应用.2002,13.pp103-104,223。
[18]罗强.图像压缩编码方法研究.博士毕业论文.2003年1月出版.p6。
[19]P.Howard, F.Kossentini,B.Martins,S.Forchhammer,and W.Rucklidge,The emerging JBIG2 standard.IEEE Trans.Circuits Syst.Video Technol.1998,8.pp838–848.
[20]B.Martins and S.Forchhammer.Lossless,near-lossless,and refinement coding of bilevel images.IEEE Trans. Image Process.1999,8.pp601–613.
[21]R.A.Ulichney.Dithering with blue noise.Proc. IEEE.1998.76.pp56–79.
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[23]S.Forchhammer and K.Jensen.Data compression of scanned halftone images.IEEE Trans.Commun COM-42,1994.pp1881–1893.
[24]B.Martins and S.Forchhammer.Tree coding of bilevel images.IEEE Trans. Image Process.1998,7.pp517–528.
[25]ISO/IEC International Standard 14495, JPEG-LS.Information IS&T/SPIE Symp.Electron Im.: Sci.Technol.1993,Human Vision,Visual Processing and Digial Display IV 1913, 1993.pp332–343.
[26]R.A.Ulichney.The void-and-cluster method for dither array generation. Proc.
[2]吴振宇.二值图像压缩JBIG标准.电子技术.1998年第8期.pp11-15。
[3][美]David Blatner,Glenn Fleishman,Steve Roth著,潘文林刘慧洁毛鹤祥译.扫描与半色调处理.第二版.北京:清华大学出版社,2000年8月.p167。
[4][美]SYBIL IHRIG·EMIL IHRIG著,李建军译.印前数字图像处理实用技术.第一版.北京:电子工业出版社,1998.pp27-33。
[5]杨波.基于内容的文档图像压缩方法研究.博士毕业论文.2001年12月30日出版.p2。
[6]阎敬文.基于小波变换和矢量量化的遥感图像压缩.中国图像图形学报.1997年,2(10):pp730-734。
[7]Smith M J T and Eddins S L .Analysis/Synthesis Techniques for Subband Image Coding.IEEE Trans.1990,38(8).pp1440-1456.
[8]高西奇,甘露,邹采荣.多小波变换零树图像编码方法研究.东南大学学报.2000年,30(2).pp32-37。
[9]印鉴.一种新的分形图像压缩方法.计算机研究与发展.1999年,36(4).pp451-454。
[10]R.D.Dony and S.Haykin.Neural Network Approaches to Image Compression. Proc. of the IEEE.1995,83(2).pp288-303.
[11]K.A izawa and T.S.Huang.Model-Based Image Coding:Advanced Video Coding Techniques for Very Low Bit-Rate Applications.Proc.IEEE.1995,83(2).pp259-271.
[12]刘立柱.传真图像和传真信号处理原理与技术.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,2006年3月.pp103-111。
[13]刘立柱.传真图像和传真信号处理原理与技术.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,2006年3月.pp94-100。
[14]陈传波,金先级.数字图像处理.第一版.北京:机械工业出版社,2004年7月.pp132-134。
[15]孙即祥等.图像压缩与投影重建.第一版.北京:科学出版社,2005年7月.pp47-48。
[16]P. Howard, F. Kossentini, B. Martins, S. Forchhammer,W. Ruchlidge,F. Ono: 1998, The Emerging JBIG-2 Standard, IEEE Trans on Circuit and Systems for VideoTechnology Sep.1998,8(5).pp838-843.
[17]边文奎,何丕廉,徐梦苏.二值图象压缩标准——JBIG2.计算机工程与应用.2002,13.pp103-104,223。
[18]罗强.图像压缩编码方法研究.博士毕业论文.2003年1月出版.p6。
[19]P.Howard, F.Kossentini,B.Martins,S.Forchhammer,and W.Rucklidge,The emerging JBIG2 standard.IEEE Trans.Circuits Syst.Video Technol.1998,8.pp838–848.
[20]B.Martins and S.Forchhammer.Lossless,near-lossless,and refinement coding of bilevel images.IEEE Trans. Image Process.1999,8.pp601–613.
[21]R.A.Ulichney.Dithering with blue noise.Proc. IEEE.1998.76.pp56–79.
[22]潘荣江.Delaunay三角剖分在随机聚合网屏生成中的应用.硕士毕业论文.2001年11月出版,pp8-16。
[23]S.Forchhammer and K.Jensen.Data compression of scanned halftone images.IEEE Trans.Commun COM-42,1994.pp1881–1893.
[24]B.Martins and S.Forchhammer.Tree coding of bilevel images.IEEE Trans. Image Process.1998,7.pp517–528.
[25]ISO/IEC International Standard 14495, JPEG-LS.Information IS&T/SPIE Symp.Electron Im.: Sci.Technol.1993,Human Vision,Visual Processing and Digial Display IV 1913, 1993.pp332–343.
[26]R.A.Ulichney.The void-and-cluster method for dither array generation. Proc.