美国营利性大学办学模式研究
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摘要
当高等教育进入大众化阶段后,我国已具有了一定规模、不同层次、类型丰富和特色鲜明的民办高校,它们已成为我国高等教育的重要组成部分,并发挥着重要作用,然而它们的发展之路并非坦荡。而对于美国营利性大学办学模式的研究将有助于对我国民办高校的深入认识。分析美国营利性大学之所以取得卓越成绩,找出其优长之处,也有助于为我国高等教育改革提供可供参考与借鉴之处。本文以美国营利性大学办学模式作为研究对象,力图对美国营利性大学有一个系统性的,而且更为明晰和全面的认识。
导论部分：探讨了研究美国营利性大学办学模式的重要意义,对选题的核心概念进行了界定,对国内外相关研究成果进行了系统的梳理和分析,最后在文献综述的基础上提出了本研究的研究思路和方法。本研究第一部分对美国营利性大学的发展历程将进行了回溯和梳理,通过分析概括,以起源、初步发展和快速发展三个不同的阶段呈现。第二部分对美国营利性大学的办学现状进行了分析。根据办学模式所包含的诸多要素,主要从办学理念、人才培养体系(包括录取招生、课程设置、教学方式和师资队伍)和经营管理方式等方面着手,并以凤凰大学为典型案例对美国营利性大学的办学模式进行全面深入的剖析。第三部分分析总结了美国营利性大学办学模式的特点。第四部分在全面分析了美国营利性大学办学模式的成功经验之后,提出了完善我国民办高校办学发展的建议。
美国的高等教育体系之完备为世界瞩目,而美国的营利性大学渐渐成为这个完备体系中最璀璨的明珠。美国的营利性大学近年来迅猛发展,它们以其独特的办学模式,吸引了诸多学者关注的目光。美国营利性大学与传统大学有所不同,具有市场需求导向、以学生为中心、实用的课程设置、灵活的教学安排面向特殊的学生群体等特点。特别是近10年来,营利性大学努力实现规模经济,经营效率不断提高,在高等教育市场中对传统高校形成了巨大的冲击和挑战,尤其一些上市的营利性大学的成功经营,更是引人注目。本文旨在为大家全面展现美国营利性大学独树一帜的办学风貌,着重以凤凰大学为例,从美国营利性大学的发展历程、办学理念、人才培养体系和经营管理方式等方面进行深入探讨,得出一些有益的启示,为完善我国民办高校办学发展提供建议。
After the higher education enters the popular stage, China also has certain scale, different levels, rich types and bright characteristics non-governmental institution. They have become an important component of the higher education system, and play influential roles. However, their development is by no means broad and smooth. Studying about the American for-profit universities' school pattern will help to deepen the understanding of our country non-governmental institution. Findings out the reasons why American for-profit universities can make remarkable progress, and discovering its superior aspects, are also helpful to provide reference and model to Chinese higher education reform. Based on international comparison perspective, and in view of the fact the above thinking about, this article regards the American for-profit universities' school pattern as the object of study, tries hard to make a systematical and more defined and comprehensive understanding to the American for-profit universities.
The preface investigates the importance of the educational pattern of for-profit universities in the United States, defines some key words, summarizes the research situation at home and aboard and at last further provides the dissertation's research methods. This thesis is divided into four parts. The first part recalls and combs the development course of American for-profit universities; it is presented by summarizing from three different phrases: origination, preliminary development and fast development. The second part analyzes the present situation of American for-profit universities. According to many essential factors which the school pattern contains, the paper mainly begin with the school idea, the personnel training system (includes enrollment recruitment of students, curriculum, teaching way and teachers troop) and management and operation way and so on, and then takes the Phoenix university as the illustrative case to carry on the thorough comprehensive analysis about the American for-profit Universities' school pattern. The third part summarizes the characteristics of American for-profit universities' school pattern through the above analysis about present situation of school pattern. After overall analyze the successful experience of the school pattern of American for-profit universities, the fourth part proposed some suggestions to the development of our country non-governmental institution school.
The higher education system in the United States is world-famous, and the for-profit university has gradually become the most brilliant pearl in this comprehensive system. For-profit universities in the U. S. develop rapidly in recent years. They have attracted the attention of many scholars for its unique school pattern. It is true that there are difference between the for-profit university and the traditional university, the for-profit ones are provided with features such as market demand-oriented, taking students as the center, having practical curriculums, existing flexible teaching arrangements for special groups of students and so on. Especially in the recent 10 years, for-profit universities try best to achieve the economies of scale, so the business efficiency enhances unceasingly. It has formed a huge impact and challenge in the higher education market to the traditional university. In particular, some listed for-profit universities' successful operation is even more compelling. This article aims to demonstrate an exhaustive view of the unique educational style of the for-profit university in American, emphatically take the Phoenix University as the example. It carries out the deeply explore in the aspect of the development history, school philosophy, personnel training system, and management ways and so on. Then thinks about some beneficial enlightenment, believes which can provide some suggestions to the perfect development of our country non-governmental institution school.
导论部分：探讨了研究美国营利性大学办学模式的重要意义,对选题的核心概念进行了界定,对国内外相关研究成果进行了系统的梳理和分析,最后在文献综述的基础上提出了本研究的研究思路和方法。本研究第一部分对美国营利性大学的发展历程将进行了回溯和梳理,通过分析概括,以起源、初步发展和快速发展三个不同的阶段呈现。第二部分对美国营利性大学的办学现状进行了分析。根据办学模式所包含的诸多要素,主要从办学理念、人才培养体系(包括录取招生、课程设置、教学方式和师资队伍)和经营管理方式等方面着手,并以凤凰大学为典型案例对美国营利性大学的办学模式进行全面深入的剖析。第三部分分析总结了美国营利性大学办学模式的特点。第四部分在全面分析了美国营利性大学办学模式的成功经验之后,提出了完善我国民办高校办学发展的建议。
美国的高等教育体系之完备为世界瞩目,而美国的营利性大学渐渐成为这个完备体系中最璀璨的明珠。美国的营利性大学近年来迅猛发展,它们以其独特的办学模式,吸引了诸多学者关注的目光。美国营利性大学与传统大学有所不同,具有市场需求导向、以学生为中心、实用的课程设置、灵活的教学安排面向特殊的学生群体等特点。特别是近10年来,营利性大学努力实现规模经济,经营效率不断提高,在高等教育市场中对传统高校形成了巨大的冲击和挑战,尤其一些上市的营利性大学的成功经营,更是引人注目。本文旨在为大家全面展现美国营利性大学独树一帜的办学风貌,着重以凤凰大学为例,从美国营利性大学的发展历程、办学理念、人才培养体系和经营管理方式等方面进行深入探讨,得出一些有益的启示,为完善我国民办高校办学发展提供建议。
After the higher education enters the popular stage, China also has certain scale, different levels, rich types and bright characteristics non-governmental institution. They have become an important component of the higher education system, and play influential roles. However, their development is by no means broad and smooth. Studying about the American for-profit universities' school pattern will help to deepen the understanding of our country non-governmental institution. Findings out the reasons why American for-profit universities can make remarkable progress, and discovering its superior aspects, are also helpful to provide reference and model to Chinese higher education reform. Based on international comparison perspective, and in view of the fact the above thinking about, this article regards the American for-profit universities' school pattern as the object of study, tries hard to make a systematical and more defined and comprehensive understanding to the American for-profit universities.
The preface investigates the importance of the educational pattern of for-profit universities in the United States, defines some key words, summarizes the research situation at home and aboard and at last further provides the dissertation's research methods. This thesis is divided into four parts. The first part recalls and combs the development course of American for-profit universities; it is presented by summarizing from three different phrases: origination, preliminary development and fast development. The second part analyzes the present situation of American for-profit universities. According to many essential factors which the school pattern contains, the paper mainly begin with the school idea, the personnel training system (includes enrollment recruitment of students, curriculum, teaching way and teachers troop) and management and operation way and so on, and then takes the Phoenix university as the illustrative case to carry on the thorough comprehensive analysis about the American for-profit Universities' school pattern. The third part summarizes the characteristics of American for-profit universities' school pattern through the above analysis about present situation of school pattern. After overall analyze the successful experience of the school pattern of American for-profit universities, the fourth part proposed some suggestions to the development of our country non-governmental institution school.
The higher education system in the United States is world-famous, and the for-profit university has gradually become the most brilliant pearl in this comprehensive system. For-profit universities in the U. S. develop rapidly in recent years. They have attracted the attention of many scholars for its unique school pattern. It is true that there are difference between the for-profit university and the traditional university, the for-profit ones are provided with features such as market demand-oriented, taking students as the center, having practical curriculums, existing flexible teaching arrangements for special groups of students and so on. Especially in the recent 10 years, for-profit universities try best to achieve the economies of scale, so the business efficiency enhances unceasingly. It has formed a huge impact and challenge in the higher education market to the traditional university. In particular, some listed for-profit universities' successful operation is even more compelling. This article aims to demonstrate an exhaustive view of the unique educational style of the for-profit university in American, emphatically take the Phoenix University as the example. It carries out the deeply explore in the aspect of the development history, school philosophy, personnel training system, and management ways and so on. Then thinks about some beneficial enlightenment, believes which can provide some suggestions to the perfect development of our country non-governmental institution school.
引文
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