城市中小学安全管理综合评价研究
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摘要
近些年,我国的学校安全受到政府及社会各界前所未有的关注。随着中国经济飞速发展和各项改革的不断深入,各类新生事物不断涌现及社会矛盾逐渐浮现,令影响学校安全工作的新生因素不断滋长,严重威胁师生安全,促使学校管理难度不断加大。因此,研究建立一套科学、可行的针对学校安全管理的评价体系,客观反映学校安全管理水平,监督和促进学校安全各项工作的开展,显得十分必要。
学校安全管理是学校管理的一项重要内容,主要包括加强对师生的安全教育、完善学校安全制度建设和设施设备、加强学校安全过程管理、建立应急管理机制等,涉及面广,项目众多。本文在研究了解国内外中小学校安全管理和评价的内容、方法及现状的基础上,分析了安全事故产生的原理、学校安全事故产生的原因和总结了学校常见安全隐患,并广泛征求相关专家的意见,结合我国城市的实际,建立起一套包括组织机构建设、安全教育培训、专项安全管理等5个一级指标和安全管理制度、道路交通安全、隐患排查等18个二级指标的评价体系。由于学校安全是一个复杂的系统,评价指标众多、评价等级模糊,难以量化,所以本文选用了层次分析法确定了每级各评价指标的权重,并构建了评价的数学模型。最后通过在学校进行实证检验,证明了城市中小学安全管理综合评价方法有效、可行。
本文借鉴国内外关于学校安全的相关规定和标准,征求相关专家意见,结合我国城市实情,设立了一套科学、系统、合理的中小学校安全管理评价体系,不仅对学校日常安全管理工作起到科学、系统的指导、推动作用,也有助于教育主管部门客观、有效地评价、监督、检查各学校安全管理工作。
In the recent years, our government and the whole society attach more and more importance to the nationwide school security issues. With the rapid development of China’s economy and deepening development of reforms in every aspects, new social issues and social contradictions occurred in our life, which conduce to new factors that influencing school security flourish. They threaten the peace and security of our schools and increase the difficulty of school’s administration. Therefore, the study on the establishment of a scientific and feasible evaluation system in view of the management of school security is absolutely necessary, which can objectively reflect the quality of the school security management, promote and supervise the schools’work in security management.
School security management is essential in the management of school, which includes strengthening of the school’s security education, perfection of the school’s security system and relevant facilities, intensification of the school’s security process monitoring, establishment of emergency management system and so forth. Many aspects are involved. Based on the understanding of schools’security management and evaluation procedures, measures and the status quo at home and abroad, the study analyses the principals of the occurrence of security accidence, the causes of school security accidence and summarize the common safety loopholes in school. In the light of concrete situations of China’s cities, the study is also getting opinions and ideas from the experts in the fields concerned to establish a set of evaluation system that involves 5 first-grade indicators including organization construction, security education, dedicated safety management, and 18 second-grade indicators including safety management system, traffic safety, potential safety hazard clearing. Due to the complexity of school security system, multitudes of its evaluation indicators and ambiguity of its evaluation grading, the quantification of it is difficult. Therefore, the study chooses analytical hierarchy process to ascertain the weight of evaluation indicators at all levels and establishes mathematical model for the evaluation. Last, from the practical examination in school, the comprehensive school security management evaluation method in urban cities is effective and practicable.
On the base of studying the relative provisions and criterions of school security at home and aboard, the study takes relevant expertise according to the current situations of China’s cities. It establishes a set of scientific, systematic and rational security management evaluation system for primary and secondary schools. This system not only scientifically and systematically guides and propels the daily work of schools’security monitoring, but also scientifically and systematically helps departments of education with evaluation, supervision and inspection of schools’work in security management.
学校安全管理是学校管理的一项重要内容,主要包括加强对师生的安全教育、完善学校安全制度建设和设施设备、加强学校安全过程管理、建立应急管理机制等,涉及面广,项目众多。本文在研究了解国内外中小学校安全管理和评价的内容、方法及现状的基础上,分析了安全事故产生的原理、学校安全事故产生的原因和总结了学校常见安全隐患,并广泛征求相关专家的意见,结合我国城市的实际,建立起一套包括组织机构建设、安全教育培训、专项安全管理等5个一级指标和安全管理制度、道路交通安全、隐患排查等18个二级指标的评价体系。由于学校安全是一个复杂的系统,评价指标众多、评价等级模糊,难以量化,所以本文选用了层次分析法确定了每级各评价指标的权重,并构建了评价的数学模型。最后通过在学校进行实证检验,证明了城市中小学安全管理综合评价方法有效、可行。
本文借鉴国内外关于学校安全的相关规定和标准,征求相关专家意见,结合我国城市实情,设立了一套科学、系统、合理的中小学校安全管理评价体系,不仅对学校日常安全管理工作起到科学、系统的指导、推动作用,也有助于教育主管部门客观、有效地评价、监督、检查各学校安全管理工作。
In the recent years, our government and the whole society attach more and more importance to the nationwide school security issues. With the rapid development of China’s economy and deepening development of reforms in every aspects, new social issues and social contradictions occurred in our life, which conduce to new factors that influencing school security flourish. They threaten the peace and security of our schools and increase the difficulty of school’s administration. Therefore, the study on the establishment of a scientific and feasible evaluation system in view of the management of school security is absolutely necessary, which can objectively reflect the quality of the school security management, promote and supervise the schools’work in security management.
School security management is essential in the management of school, which includes strengthening of the school’s security education, perfection of the school’s security system and relevant facilities, intensification of the school’s security process monitoring, establishment of emergency management system and so forth. Many aspects are involved. Based on the understanding of schools’security management and evaluation procedures, measures and the status quo at home and abroad, the study analyses the principals of the occurrence of security accidence, the causes of school security accidence and summarize the common safety loopholes in school. In the light of concrete situations of China’s cities, the study is also getting opinions and ideas from the experts in the fields concerned to establish a set of evaluation system that involves 5 first-grade indicators including organization construction, security education, dedicated safety management, and 18 second-grade indicators including safety management system, traffic safety, potential safety hazard clearing. Due to the complexity of school security system, multitudes of its evaluation indicators and ambiguity of its evaluation grading, the quantification of it is difficult. Therefore, the study chooses analytical hierarchy process to ascertain the weight of evaluation indicators at all levels and establishes mathematical model for the evaluation. Last, from the practical examination in school, the comprehensive school security management evaluation method in urban cities is effective and practicable.
On the base of studying the relative provisions and criterions of school security at home and aboard, the study takes relevant expertise according to the current situations of China’s cities. It establishes a set of scientific, systematic and rational security management evaluation system for primary and secondary schools. This system not only scientifically and systematically guides and propels the daily work of schools’security monitoring, but also scientifically and systematically helps departments of education with evaluation, supervision and inspection of schools’work in security management.
引文
[1]Leone,P.E,M.J. Mayer,K. Malmgren, and S.M. Meisel. 2001.School vilence and disruption:Rhetoric,reality,and reasonable. Counseling and Human Development 33(8) :1-20
[2] Harris,I. M. 2000. Peace-building responses to school violence. NASSP Bulletin 84(614):5-24.
[3]钱丽霞、郭琳、徐新容,国外中小学安全教育比较研究及启示,基础教育参考,2009.07:18~19
[4]孙佳,安全服务署:美国学校的“定心丸”,上海教育,2005.7(A):43~44
[5] National School Safety Center, SCHOOL SAFETY SITE ASSESSMENTS, [online], available from: www.schoolsafety.us/School-Safety-Site-Assessments-p-15.html
[6]朱英福,日本中小学的危机管理体系,基础教育参考,2003,12期:20~21
[7]王柏林、贺正楚,美国、日本的学校危机管理及其借鉴意义,机械职业教育,2008.7:18~19
[8]尹晓敏,美国如何加强校园安全管理,中小学管理,2007.04:52
[9]U.S. Department of Education、Office of Safe and Drug-Free Schools,Action Guide for Emergency Management at Institutions of HigherEducation, Washington, D.C., 2009
[10]Ohio Department of Health, School Environmental Health and Safety Inspection Manual,[online],www.odh.ohio.gov/ASSETS/DB88F9EB31AD420C8BD7E6D275C02AD0/A%20SchoolInspectionProgram.pdf
[11]Ohio Department of Health, School Safety Management, [online], available from: www.odh.ohio.gov/ASSETS/4A802A2AA7614A61B58CEF3D19B2A524/4.%20Comprehensive%20Safety.pdf
[12]鲍晓燕译,美国警察驻校园,青少年犯罪问题,2002.05:56~57
[13]朱国平编译,解决校园安全问题的5步计划,安全经理人,2003.12:25~27
[14]教育部,学生伤害事故处理办法,2002
[15]教育部,中小学幼儿园安全管理办法,2006
[16]深圳市人大常委会,深圳市学校安全管理条例,2005
[17]深圳市政府,深圳市学校安全管理条例实施细则,2010
[18]苏娜,学生校园意外事故风险评价指标研究:[硕士学位论文],北京;首都经济贸易大学,2006
[19]张乃禄、刘灿,安全评价技术,西安,电子科技大学出版社,2007.9~12、53~55
[20]罗云、樊运晓、马晓春,风险分析与安全评价,化学工业出版社,2004.171~175
[21]柴建设、别凤喜、刘志敏,安全评价技术方法实例,化学工业出版社,2008.19~20
[22]国家安全生产监督管理局编,安全评价(修订版),煤炭工业出版社,2004.57~58
[23]皮祖训,基于灰色系统理论的高校校园安全评价模型及应用研究:[硕士学位论文],湖南:湖南科技大学,2009
[24]王起全、徐德蜀,安全评价操作实务,气象出版社,2009.174~175
[25]甘心孟、沈斐敏,安全科学技术导论,气象出版社,2000.73~76
[26]毛海峰等,现代安全管理理论与实务,首都经济贸易大学出版社,2000.33~37
[27]教育部,2006年全国中小学安全事故总体形势分析报告
[28]孙蕊,中小学安全事故数据分析,教育,2010,12:14
[29]沈斐敏,安全系统工程理论与应用,煤炭工业出版社,2001.12~13
[30]滕道明,学校饮食安全隐患及预防策略,学校管理,2008,4:54
[31]渠爱莲,中小学安全隐患问题的思考,吕梁教育学院学报,2009,3:41~42
[32]邹文弢,中小学安全管理研究初探:[硕士学位论文],江西:江西师范大学,2004
[33]斯蒂芬?P?罗宾斯、玛丽?库尔特(孙健敏等译),管理学,中国人民大学出版社,2004:9~10
[34]陈国珍,学校安全管理,上海:复旦大学出版社,2008.15~21
[35]王新洲,模糊空间信息处理,武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003.130~131
[36]张晓平,模糊综合评价理论与应用研究进展,山东建筑工程学院学报,2003.12(4):91
[37]佟春生.系统工程的理论与方法概论.北京:国防工业出版社,2000.185~186
[38]李玉琳、高志刚、韩延玲,模糊综合评价中权值确定和合成算子选择,计算机工程与应用,2006.23:41~42
[39]熊德国、鲜学福,模糊综合评价方法的改进,重庆大学学报,2003.6:94
[40]王道勇,模糊综合评判的失效与处理,工程数学,1994.3:45~48
[2] Harris,I. M. 2000. Peace-building responses to school violence. NASSP Bulletin 84(614):5-24.
[3]钱丽霞、郭琳、徐新容,国外中小学安全教育比较研究及启示,基础教育参考,2009.07:18~19
[4]孙佳,安全服务署:美国学校的“定心丸”,上海教育,2005.7(A):43~44
[5] National School Safety Center, SCHOOL SAFETY SITE ASSESSMENTS, [online], available from: www.schoolsafety.us/School-Safety-Site-Assessments-p-15.html
[6]朱英福,日本中小学的危机管理体系,基础教育参考,2003,12期:20~21
[7]王柏林、贺正楚,美国、日本的学校危机管理及其借鉴意义,机械职业教育,2008.7:18~19
[8]尹晓敏,美国如何加强校园安全管理,中小学管理,2007.04:52
[9]U.S. Department of Education、Office of Safe and Drug-Free Schools,Action Guide for Emergency Management at Institutions of HigherEducation, Washington, D.C., 2009
[10]Ohio Department of Health, School Environmental Health and Safety Inspection Manual,[online],www.odh.ohio.gov/ASSETS/DB88F9EB31AD420C8BD7E6D275C02AD0/A%20SchoolInspectionProgram.pdf
[11]Ohio Department of Health, School Safety Management, [online], available from: www.odh.ohio.gov/ASSETS/4A802A2AA7614A61B58CEF3D19B2A524/4.%20Comprehensive%20Safety.pdf
[12]鲍晓燕译,美国警察驻校园,青少年犯罪问题,2002.05:56~57
[13]朱国平编译,解决校园安全问题的5步计划,安全经理人,2003.12:25~27
[14]教育部,学生伤害事故处理办法,2002
[15]教育部,中小学幼儿园安全管理办法,2006
[16]深圳市人大常委会,深圳市学校安全管理条例,2005
[17]深圳市政府,深圳市学校安全管理条例实施细则,2010
[18]苏娜,学生校园意外事故风险评价指标研究:[硕士学位论文],北京;首都经济贸易大学,2006
[19]张乃禄、刘灿,安全评价技术,西安,电子科技大学出版社,2007.9~12、53~55
[20]罗云、樊运晓、马晓春,风险分析与安全评价,化学工业出版社,2004.171~175
[21]柴建设、别凤喜、刘志敏,安全评价技术方法实例,化学工业出版社,2008.19~20
[22]国家安全生产监督管理局编,安全评价(修订版),煤炭工业出版社,2004.57~58
[23]皮祖训,基于灰色系统理论的高校校园安全评价模型及应用研究:[硕士学位论文],湖南:湖南科技大学,2009
[24]王起全、徐德蜀,安全评价操作实务,气象出版社,2009.174~175
[25]甘心孟、沈斐敏,安全科学技术导论,气象出版社,2000.73~76
[26]毛海峰等,现代安全管理理论与实务,首都经济贸易大学出版社,2000.33~37
[27]教育部,2006年全国中小学安全事故总体形势分析报告
[28]孙蕊,中小学安全事故数据分析,教育,2010,12:14
[29]沈斐敏,安全系统工程理论与应用,煤炭工业出版社,2001.12~13
[30]滕道明,学校饮食安全隐患及预防策略,学校管理,2008,4:54
[31]渠爱莲,中小学安全隐患问题的思考,吕梁教育学院学报,2009,3:41~42
[32]邹文弢,中小学安全管理研究初探:[硕士学位论文],江西:江西师范大学,2004
[33]斯蒂芬?P?罗宾斯、玛丽?库尔特(孙健敏等译),管理学,中国人民大学出版社,2004:9~10
[34]陈国珍,学校安全管理,上海:复旦大学出版社,2008.15~21
[35]王新洲,模糊空间信息处理,武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003.130~131
[36]张晓平,模糊综合评价理论与应用研究进展,山东建筑工程学院学报,2003.12(4):91
[37]佟春生.系统工程的理论与方法概论.北京:国防工业出版社,2000.185~186
[38]李玉琳、高志刚、韩延玲,模糊综合评价中权值确定和合成算子选择,计算机工程与应用,2006.23:41~42
[39]熊德国、鲜学福,模糊综合评价方法的改进,重庆大学学报,2003.6:94
[40]王道勇,模糊综合评判的失效与处理,工程数学,1994.3:45~48