滨海盐碱地造林模式及土壤水盐运动规律研究
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摘要
在河北沧州临港经济技术开发区建立试验基地,通过不同隔盐层、地表覆盖和集雨造林等整地模式处理下土壤水分、盐分的观测,初步分析了60cm土壤剖面的水盐运移规律。研究发现:(1)滨海盐碱地造林影响因子中B1(树种选择)占总权重比率的近50%,其中成活率对其贡献最大(20%),其次为B3(养护管理)24%,B2(施工水平)占近21%;(2)地下水位对降雨的响应特征为:短期降雨量累计达到80mm以上,地下水位迅速抬高,区域发生严重的积水;(3)在炉渣和沙子两种隔盐层的处理下,土壤剖面底部出现水分“累积”现象,而盐分则出现了界面层的“泄露”,说明隔盐层作用明显。两种隔盐层的比较分析发现沙子隔盐层效果更显著;(4)在地膜、秸秆和沙子三种地表覆盖材料处理作用下,无论表层(0～5cm)和根系生长层(20～40cm)土壤水分较对照都有显著提高,而盐分有显著的降低,说明覆盖对抑制土壤返盐作用明显,其中地膜覆盖的作用最为显著;(5)集雨林业试验研究,与单一隔盐层或表面覆盖处理相比其保水、盐分淋洗作用最为显著。集雨处理隔盐层界面未出现盐分“积累”现象,说明当水分达到或超过隔盐层界面时,盐分得到彻底的淋洗;(6)通过观测提出了三种滨海盐碱地造林模式,即隔盐、阻盐造林模式,表面覆盖造林模式和集雨林业造林模式。
The paper sets the eco.& tech. development zone of Cangzhou Hebei as the experiment plots. At treatment of different salt isolated layer, surface coverage and rainfall harvest planting, soil wet and salt are observed, and the laws of their movement in the depth of 60cm.The results show that (1)In those factors which impact the coastal afforstation in saline-alkaline soil, B1(plant selection) takes nearly 50% of the total weight ratio, in which the largest contribution to B1 is the survival rate (20%), and fallowed by B3(maintenance and management)24% to overall target, the last one is B2(construction level),accounted for nearly 21%. (2) The groundwater response characteristics of the rainfall is that, when short-term cumulative rainfall reaches above 80 mm, the groundwater level elevates rapidly, which means 80mm is the upper limit of the regional drainage, when the precipitation excess 80mm, the groundwater table raises fast and depth water stagnant happening in the ragion. (3)Under the treatment of slag and sand salt isolated layers, after the period of rain leaching , because of the tension of water at the interface, there is a " wet cumulative" phenomenon at the bottom of the soil profile, while the " salt leaking" at the isolated layer interface, which mean that the role of salt isolated layers are notable. After comparatively analyzing the role of salt isolative and the wet rising, we find that the role of sand isolated layer is more significant compare to slag. (4) In the film, stalk and sand surface cover material treatment, the soil wet or moisture has enhanced significantly compared to those of control in both surface (0-5 cm) and root growth layers (20-40 cm) ,while salt reduced significantly, which means that the role of surface coverage treatment in inhibiting soil salt is notable. In those three coverage material treatment, the role of mulching is the most significant. (5) We find that the role of water keeping and salt leaching is more significant in the treatment of rainwater harvesting forestry compared to those single salt isolated layer treatments. There is no phenomenon of "accumulation" at the bottom of the rainfall harvesting profile, which shows that when soil water reaches or surpasses the interface, there will be a thoroughly salt leaching. (6)After a growing season’s observation, by evaluating different ways of afforestation, we propose three constructive modal, which are afforestation by treatment of salt isolated layer, by surface coverage, and by rainwater harvest.
The paper sets the eco.& tech. development zone of Cangzhou Hebei as the experiment plots. At treatment of different salt isolated layer, surface coverage and rainfall harvest planting, soil wet and salt are observed, and the laws of their movement in the depth of 60cm.The results show that (1)In those factors which impact the coastal afforstation in saline-alkaline soil, B1(plant selection) takes nearly 50% of the total weight ratio, in which the largest contribution to B1 is the survival rate (20%), and fallowed by B3(maintenance and management)24% to overall target, the last one is B2(construction level),accounted for nearly 21%. (2) The groundwater response characteristics of the rainfall is that, when short-term cumulative rainfall reaches above 80 mm, the groundwater level elevates rapidly, which means 80mm is the upper limit of the regional drainage, when the precipitation excess 80mm, the groundwater table raises fast and depth water stagnant happening in the ragion. (3)Under the treatment of slag and sand salt isolated layers, after the period of rain leaching , because of the tension of water at the interface, there is a " wet cumulative" phenomenon at the bottom of the soil profile, while the " salt leaking" at the isolated layer interface, which mean that the role of salt isolated layers are notable. After comparatively analyzing the role of salt isolative and the wet rising, we find that the role of sand isolated layer is more significant compare to slag. (4) In the film, stalk and sand surface cover material treatment, the soil wet or moisture has enhanced significantly compared to those of control in both surface (0-5 cm) and root growth layers (20-40 cm) ,while salt reduced significantly, which means that the role of surface coverage treatment in inhibiting soil salt is notable. In those three coverage material treatment, the role of mulching is the most significant. (5) We find that the role of water keeping and salt leaching is more significant in the treatment of rainwater harvesting forestry compared to those single salt isolated layer treatments. There is no phenomenon of "accumulation" at the bottom of the rainfall harvesting profile, which shows that when soil water reaches or surpasses the interface, there will be a thoroughly salt leaching. (6)After a growing season’s observation, by evaluating different ways of afforestation, we propose three constructive modal, which are afforestation by treatment of salt isolated layer, by surface coverage, and by rainwater harvest.
引文
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