喇嘛甸气顶油田生产气油比研究
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摘要
气顶油田开发的关键问题是如何处理好气区与油区的压力平衡关系，所采用的开发政策必须尽可能力求使其协调一致。喇嘛甸气顶油田开发实践表明，采用打水障隔离技术以取得气顶与油区间的压力平衡，进而实现了气顶与油田的相对独立性的开发，决策是正确的。但随着油田开发的不断深入，地层内部压力场的变化较开发初期明显趋向于复杂化，致使油区与气区的相对独立性观察分析与开发变得越来越困难，目前喇嘛甸油田二矿地区出现气油比突然升高的现象，而且是连续数月居高不下，这对于气顶油田开发来说无论如何都是一个危险信号，这将直接影响油田的产量及下部工作安排，因此查清问题出现原因，提出解决办法是亟待解决的一个问题。
众所周知，油气藏开发工程是一项复杂系统工程，具有随机性和不可逆性的特征。然而，由于我们对复杂系统认识的有限性，使我们无法对油气藏得到一个完备的描述。系统状态的随机涨落每当到达一个分叉点时，决定论的描述便被破坏了，系统中存在的随机涨落类型影响着对于分支选择，当然也决定了对油田开发政策的制定。事实上，油气藏开发过程中某种不稳定性的存在都可被看作是某个随机涨落的结果，通常这个涨落起初局限在系统的一小部分内，若发生正反馈就会扩展开来，并引出一个新的宏观态。喇嘛甸油田气油比突然升高便是由于系统内一系列分叉点处的偶然因素而形成的一个宏观态。
喇嘛甸油田的开发方针一直是保压开采，尽量保持系统的平衡状态或者说是系统的稳定性。耗散理论认为：系统的稳定性可以表述为以小的数量加入新组分引起系统成分间的一组新的反应。这组新的反应便与系统原先的活动方式竞争，如果系统对这一入侵来说是“结构稳定”的，新的活动方式将不能自己建立起来，而且这种革新者将无法活下去。但是，如果结构涨落成功地施加自己的影响，他们便可以侵入该系统，改变系统的原有状态，整个系统将采取一种新的活动方式。
本文以系统工程理论和耗散结构理论为基础，通过物质平衡方法、地球物理测井法、烃检测法和生产气油比检测等方法，对喇嘛甸油田生产气油比的变化特征进行研究，研究认为喇嘛甸油田生产气油比升高的原因是由于局部地区压力不平衡，致使与之相联通的气顶气下窜造成的，同时分析了气顶气下窜的主要通道，以及通道形成的原因，为喇嘛甸油田的下一步开发调整提供了理论依据。
The key problem of gas cap oil field development is how to deal with the interrelation between gas area and oil area, the adopted exploitation strategy is to make the interrelation harmonious. Development practice shows that the separation technology of making water barrier has been applied on the Lamadian gas-cap oilfield to keep pressure equalization between gas cap and oil area, furthermore, the exploitation strategy that fulfill relative independence between gas cap and oil field is correct. But with the work of oilfield development further, the variation of pressure field compared with primitive development within strata becomes complicated, so that the relative stand-alone development between oil area and gas area gets more difficult. Presently, gas-oil ratio (GOR) in the second lease on Lamadian rises abruptly, which is a dangerous signal for gas-cap oilfield development anyhow, meanwhile, it directly influences oil production and next work program. Therefore, making sure the reason why the problem generates and providing solutions are a problem, which should be solved at once.
It is well known that development engineering of hydrocarbon reservoir is a complicated system engineering, which has the characteristics of randomness and irreversibility. However, because the limited knowledge towards complicated system, we could not make a completed description of hydrocarbon reservoir. When system status is up to a bifurcation, the description of determinism is broken down. Types of random fluctuation in the system influence followed branch choices, striding bifurcation is a random process. Some kind of instability existing in the development process of hydrocarbon reservoir is regarded as the result of a random fluctuation. At the beginning, the fluctuation is usually restricted in a small section of the system, if positive feedback appears, it will extend further, and generate a new macroscopic state. Gas-oil ratio (GOR) rises abruptly on Lamadian is just derived from a macroscopic state formed by a series of accidental factors at bifurcation within the system.
Exploitation strategy on Lamadian is always pressure maintenance production, and keeping balanced state or systems stability. Dissipation theory believes that systems stability could be described like this: a small quantity of new components join in a system, which makes a set of new reactions among these components, then the set of new reactions compete with its former active manner. If the system is "structural stability" towards the invasion, new active manner could not be established, moreover, this kind of innovators could not live on, either. But if structural fluctuation succeeds, these innovators could invade the system, change its former state, and the whole system will adopt a new active manner.
On the basis of system engineering theory and dissipation theory, the paper researched the variable characteristics of gas-oil ratio (GOR) on Lamadian through material balance method, geophysical well logging method, gas-oil ratio (GOR) detection method and hydrocarbon detection method, etc. It believes that the reason why production gas-oil ratio (GOR) on Lamadian rises is unbalanced pressure in local area, which causes gas-cap gas interconnected with it sink downward. At the same time, the paper analyzes the main passage through which gas-cap gas sink downward and the reason why it forms, thus providing a theoretical basis for the next development regulation on Lamadian.
众所周知，油气藏开发工程是一项复杂系统工程，具有随机性和不可逆性的特征。然而，由于我们对复杂系统认识的有限性，使我们无法对油气藏得到一个完备的描述。系统状态的随机涨落每当到达一个分叉点时，决定论的描述便被破坏了，系统中存在的随机涨落类型影响着对于分支选择，当然也决定了对油田开发政策的制定。事实上，油气藏开发过程中某种不稳定性的存在都可被看作是某个随机涨落的结果，通常这个涨落起初局限在系统的一小部分内，若发生正反馈就会扩展开来，并引出一个新的宏观态。喇嘛甸油田气油比突然升高便是由于系统内一系列分叉点处的偶然因素而形成的一个宏观态。
喇嘛甸油田的开发方针一直是保压开采，尽量保持系统的平衡状态或者说是系统的稳定性。耗散理论认为：系统的稳定性可以表述为以小的数量加入新组分引起系统成分间的一组新的反应。这组新的反应便与系统原先的活动方式竞争，如果系统对这一入侵来说是“结构稳定”的，新的活动方式将不能自己建立起来，而且这种革新者将无法活下去。但是，如果结构涨落成功地施加自己的影响，他们便可以侵入该系统，改变系统的原有状态，整个系统将采取一种新的活动方式。
本文以系统工程理论和耗散结构理论为基础，通过物质平衡方法、地球物理测井法、烃检测法和生产气油比检测等方法，对喇嘛甸油田生产气油比的变化特征进行研究，研究认为喇嘛甸油田生产气油比升高的原因是由于局部地区压力不平衡，致使与之相联通的气顶气下窜造成的，同时分析了气顶气下窜的主要通道，以及通道形成的原因，为喇嘛甸油田的下一步开发调整提供了理论依据。
The key problem of gas cap oil field development is how to deal with the interrelation between gas area and oil area, the adopted exploitation strategy is to make the interrelation harmonious. Development practice shows that the separation technology of making water barrier has been applied on the Lamadian gas-cap oilfield to keep pressure equalization between gas cap and oil area, furthermore, the exploitation strategy that fulfill relative independence between gas cap and oil field is correct. But with the work of oilfield development further, the variation of pressure field compared with primitive development within strata becomes complicated, so that the relative stand-alone development between oil area and gas area gets more difficult. Presently, gas-oil ratio (GOR) in the second lease on Lamadian rises abruptly, which is a dangerous signal for gas-cap oilfield development anyhow, meanwhile, it directly influences oil production and next work program. Therefore, making sure the reason why the problem generates and providing solutions are a problem, which should be solved at once.
It is well known that development engineering of hydrocarbon reservoir is a complicated system engineering, which has the characteristics of randomness and irreversibility. However, because the limited knowledge towards complicated system, we could not make a completed description of hydrocarbon reservoir. When system status is up to a bifurcation, the description of determinism is broken down. Types of random fluctuation in the system influence followed branch choices, striding bifurcation is a random process. Some kind of instability existing in the development process of hydrocarbon reservoir is regarded as the result of a random fluctuation. At the beginning, the fluctuation is usually restricted in a small section of the system, if positive feedback appears, it will extend further, and generate a new macroscopic state. Gas-oil ratio (GOR) rises abruptly on Lamadian is just derived from a macroscopic state formed by a series of accidental factors at bifurcation within the system.
Exploitation strategy on Lamadian is always pressure maintenance production, and keeping balanced state or systems stability. Dissipation theory believes that systems stability could be described like this: a small quantity of new components join in a system, which makes a set of new reactions among these components, then the set of new reactions compete with its former active manner. If the system is "structural stability" towards the invasion, new active manner could not be established, moreover, this kind of innovators could not live on, either. But if structural fluctuation succeeds, these innovators could invade the system, change its former state, and the whole system will adopt a new active manner.
On the basis of system engineering theory and dissipation theory, the paper researched the variable characteristics of gas-oil ratio (GOR) on Lamadian through material balance method, geophysical well logging method, gas-oil ratio (GOR) detection method and hydrocarbon detection method, etc. It believes that the reason why production gas-oil ratio (GOR) on Lamadian rises is unbalanced pressure in local area, which causes gas-cap gas interconnected with it sink downward. At the same time, the paper analyzes the main passage through which gas-cap gas sink downward and the reason why it forms, thus providing a theoretical basis for the next development regulation on Lamadian.
引文
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[2] 张朝琛等．气顶砂岩油藏开发模式[M]．第一版．北京：石油工业出版社，1996．78-83
[3] 伍友佳．辽河双台子油气藏气顶驱开采特征及气窜模式．天然气工业，2000．11(3)：76-79
[4] A．E．薛定谔，王鸿勋等．多孔介质中的渗流物理．第一版，北京：石油工业出版社，1982．32-36
[5] 米歇尔·沃尔德罗普，陈玲译．生活．读书．第一版．北京：新知三联书店，1997．55-61
[6] J．S．阿切尔，C．G．沃尔．石油工程原理与实践．第一版．北京：石油工业出版社，1992．32-38
[7] 2001.3
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