供水系统动态特性分析与降噪研究
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摘要
论文紧密结合工程实际，对供水系统动态特性进行了分析，研究了管道振动机理，分析了影响管道振动的因素，对供水系统管道进行了模态分析，从理论和仿真角度研究了管内流体对管道振动的影响；并运用分析结论指导供水系统的减振降噪改造工程，取得了很好的工程效果，进一步拓展了管道振动研究内容，使其与生产实际紧密结合。本文的主要工作和取得的成果如下：
针对供水系统噪声污染严重的问题，进行了噪声源识别。运用功率谱分析、相干分析、模态分析技术、有限元法相结合的方法，找到了主要的噪声源。
研究了管道振动的机理。从理论方面研究了引发管道振动的主要原因，对流体压力脉动诱发管道共振进行了讨论。
对供水系统管道结构采取试验模态技术辅以有限元分析的方法进行模态分析。试验模态分析通过频率响应函数的测试和模态参数识别，得到了管道结构的固有频率。有限元分析得到了与试验模态基本一致的固有频率；通过两种有限元模型的比较近似研究固液耦合的管道振动规律，发现一般情况下固液耦合有使管系固有频频率下降的趋势。模态分析更进一步明确了压力脉动诱发管道共振是噪声污染问题的主要根源，为系统减振降噪提供依据。
提出了供水系统改造的相应措施，实现了减振降噪的目的。改变管道固有频率避免其与压力脉动流产生共振是主要的指导方针。运用缓冲器进行压力脉动的消减取得了明显效果。同时合理安排支承、采取各种隔振措施、合理选择供水系统动力装置和管路元件等都对减少管道振动有益。这些措施不仅为减振降噪提供了依据，同时也可作为供水系统管路设计的准则。
With the application of a practical engineering, this paper carries on an investigation in the dynamic performance of water supply system. The vibration mechanism of pipelines and the factors that affect pipelines' vibration are analyzed. An approximate analysis of the function of liquid in pipelines is also given. The main contents are as follows:
By means of power spectrum analysis, coherence analysis, modal analysis and finite element method (FEM), the identification of noise sources of water supply system is successfully achieved.
The vibration mechanism of pipelines is studied in the paper. And pressure pulsation, which is usually the main reason of pipelines' vibration, is discussed in theoretical aspect.
The modal analysis of the pipelines in water supply system is carried out by the method of experimental modal analysis and finite element analysis. The natural frequencies of the pipelines structure are obtained. And the results of the two methods agree well with each other. Depend on the compare of two FEM models, a useful law is found. It shows that the natural frequencies have a descendent tendency with the affect of the liquid in pipelines. From the modal analysis, it can be said that the main reason of the noise pollution of water supply system is the resonant vibration which is caused by pressure pulsation. The conclusion is successfully applied in the vibration and noise reduction of the system.
With all of the research works, some corresponding measures, which are used to rebuild the water supply system, are put forward. The goal of vibration and noise reduction is achieved. Changing the structure of pipelines to avoid resonant vibration with pressure pulsation is the main rule. Buffer is applied to change the natural frequencies and reduce pressure pulsation. Other measures, such as properly using braces and vibration isolation settings, reasonably selecting and arranging pipelines element, are also applied. All of the measures can be the design rules of vibration and noise reduction- in the practical engineering.
针对供水系统噪声污染严重的问题，进行了噪声源识别。运用功率谱分析、相干分析、模态分析技术、有限元法相结合的方法，找到了主要的噪声源。
研究了管道振动的机理。从理论方面研究了引发管道振动的主要原因，对流体压力脉动诱发管道共振进行了讨论。
对供水系统管道结构采取试验模态技术辅以有限元分析的方法进行模态分析。试验模态分析通过频率响应函数的测试和模态参数识别，得到了管道结构的固有频率。有限元分析得到了与试验模态基本一致的固有频率；通过两种有限元模型的比较近似研究固液耦合的管道振动规律，发现一般情况下固液耦合有使管系固有频频率下降的趋势。模态分析更进一步明确了压力脉动诱发管道共振是噪声污染问题的主要根源，为系统减振降噪提供依据。
提出了供水系统改造的相应措施，实现了减振降噪的目的。改变管道固有频率避免其与压力脉动流产生共振是主要的指导方针。运用缓冲器进行压力脉动的消减取得了明显效果。同时合理安排支承、采取各种隔振措施、合理选择供水系统动力装置和管路元件等都对减少管道振动有益。这些措施不仅为减振降噪提供了依据，同时也可作为供水系统管路设计的准则。
With the application of a practical engineering, this paper carries on an investigation in the dynamic performance of water supply system. The vibration mechanism of pipelines and the factors that affect pipelines' vibration are analyzed. An approximate analysis of the function of liquid in pipelines is also given. The main contents are as follows:
By means of power spectrum analysis, coherence analysis, modal analysis and finite element method (FEM), the identification of noise sources of water supply system is successfully achieved.
The vibration mechanism of pipelines is studied in the paper. And pressure pulsation, which is usually the main reason of pipelines' vibration, is discussed in theoretical aspect.
The modal analysis of the pipelines in water supply system is carried out by the method of experimental modal analysis and finite element analysis. The natural frequencies of the pipelines structure are obtained. And the results of the two methods agree well with each other. Depend on the compare of two FEM models, a useful law is found. It shows that the natural frequencies have a descendent tendency with the affect of the liquid in pipelines. From the modal analysis, it can be said that the main reason of the noise pollution of water supply system is the resonant vibration which is caused by pressure pulsation. The conclusion is successfully applied in the vibration and noise reduction of the system.
With all of the research works, some corresponding measures, which are used to rebuild the water supply system, are put forward. The goal of vibration and noise reduction is achieved. Changing the structure of pipelines to avoid resonant vibration with pressure pulsation is the main rule. Buffer is applied to change the natural frequencies and reduce pressure pulsation. Other measures, such as properly using braces and vibration isolation settings, reasonably selecting and arranging pipelines element, are also applied. All of the measures can be the design rules of vibration and noise reduction- in the practical engineering.
引文
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2．党锡淇．工程中的管道振动问题．力学与实践，1993(4)．
3．程木限，注水泵入口管道振动分析与减振．石油化工设备技术，1995，16(2)．
4．《振动与冲击手册》编辑委员会．振动与冲击手册 第三卷 工程应用．北京：国防工业出版社，1992．
5．肖建明，郑凡颖，刘瑛琳．居民楼内水泵噪声污染控制．噪声与控制，1977，(4)．
6．吕玉恒．高层住宅水泵房噪声与振动治理，工厂建设与设计，1996(5)．
7．钱继舂．高层供水系统减振降噪研究．天津：天津轻工业学院，2002．
8．沈荣瀛，胡剑凌．充液管道振动研究，噪声与振动控制，1996，(5)．
9. Asheley H.and Haviland G.bending Vibrations of a Pipeline Containing Flowing Fluid J.Appl. Mech. 17,1950;229-232.
10. Housner G..W Bending Vibrations of a Pipeline Containing Flowing Fluid J.Appl.Mech.19,1952:205-208.
11. Haroldl Dodds, Jr.and Hang L. Runyan Effect of Highvelocity Fluid Flow out the Bending Vibrations and Static Diveregence of a Simply Supported Pipe NDSA-targley,1965,L-4408.
12. Benjamin T B. Dynamics of A System of Articulated Pipes Conveying Fluid,Ⅰ:theory.In:Proceedings of the Royal Society(London),1961; A261:457-486.
13. Paidoussis M P, Laithier B E. Dynamic of Timoshenko Beams Conveying Fluid. J. of Mechanical Science,1976,18: 210-220.
14. R.H.Long. Experimental and Theoretical Study of Transverse Vibration of a Tube Containing Flowing Fluid. J. Appl. Mech., 1995,22(6): 65-68.
15. R. W.Gregory and M. P. Paidoussis,Unstable Oscillation of Tubular Cantilevers Conveying Fluid—Ⅰ Theory, Proc., Roy. Soc., London,Ser. A293(5) (1966),512-527.
16. J.L. Hill and C.P. Swanson. Effects of Lumped masses or the Stability of Fluid Conveying Tubes. J. Appl. Mech., 37(4) (1970),494-497.
17．酒井敏之等．关于往复式压缩机管道系统脉动的研究，Bulletin of JSME，1973，16．
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20．藤川猛等．日本机械学会论文集41卷343号，1975．
21. Benson R.S and Vcer A.S.Some Recent Reseaced in Gas Dynamic Modeling of Multiple Single Stage Reciprocating Compressor Systems,. Purdue Compressor
Technology Conference,1972.
22. Maclaren J.E Advances in Numerical Methods to Solve the Equations Governing Unsteady Gas Flow in Reciprocating Compressor Systems. Purdue Compressor Technology conference,1976.
23. Fuller, C. R. & Fathy, EJ. 1982 Characteristic of Wave Propagation and Energy Distribution in Cylindrical Elastic Shells Filled with Fluid. ASME Journal of Sound and Vibration 81(4): 501-518.
24. Hatfied, F.J. Wiggert, D.C. & Qtwell, R.S. 1982a Fluid Structure Interaction in Piping by Component Synthesis. ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering 104,318-325.
25. Wood D.J. A Study of the Response of Coupled Liquid Flow-Structural Systems Subjected to Periodic Disturbances. ASME Journal of Basic Engineering, Vol.90,pp.532-540, Dec.1968.
26. Blade R.L., Lewis W. and Goodykoontz J.H. Study of a Sinusoiclally Perturbed Floe in a Line Including a 90 deg Elbow with Flexible Supports. NASA Tech. Note D-1216,1962.
27. Regetz J.D., Jr., An Experimental Determination of the Dynamic Response of a Long Hydraulic Line, NASA Tech. Note D-576, 1960.
28. Everstine G.C. Dynamic Analysis Fluid-filled Piping Systems Using Finite Element Techniques. ASME Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 1986,Vol.108, pp57-61.
29. Jamnia M.A.,Jacjson J.E. Preliminary Study for Finite Element Analysis of Two -Dimensional Fluid-soild Interaction. In Proceeding of the 5th International Conference on Pressure Surges,BHRA, Hanover,Germany, September 1986, pp51-62.
30. Hamdi M.A., Oussent Y. and Verchery G. A displacement Method for the Analysis of Vibration of Coupled Fluid-Structure Systems. Int. J. Num. Engng.,13,1(1978), pp139-150.
31. Everstine G.C. A Symmetric Potential Formulation for Fluid-Structure Interaction.J.Sound Vib.,79,(1981), pp157-160.
32. M.J. Lighthill. Proc. Roy. Soc, 1952,Vol. 211, pp564-587.
33. R.J. Gibert These dedoctorat, 1974, Paris.
34．徐稼选等．压缩机管道系统结构振动计算．化工与通用机械，1983(8)．
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36．盛敬超．一种管道振动流模态分析法．浙江大学学报，1987(4)．
37．张智勇，沈荣瀛，王强．充液管道系统的模态分析．固体力学学报，2001，22(2)．
38．闫祥安，郑炜，张青等．往复泵输液管道结构振动有限元分析．机械工程学报，1999，35(6)．
39．焦宗夏，华清，于凯等．传输管道流固耦合振动的模态分析．中国航空学会控制与
应用第八届学术年会论文集，1998，341-351．
40．戴大农，王勖成，杜庆华．流固耦合系统动力响应的模态分析理论．固体力学学报，1990，11(4)．
41．梁波、唐家祥．输液管道动力特性与动力稳定性的有限元分析．固体力学学报，1993，14(2)．
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50．赵永凯，陈一鸣．管道液流的压力共振，应用力学学报，1995，12(1)．
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62．许本文，焦群英．机械振动与模态分析基础。北京：机械工业出版社，1981．
63．郑君理．信号与系统．北京：高等教育出版社，1981．
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68．盛敬超．液压流体力学．北京：机械工业出版社，1980．
69．胡宗武．工程振动分析基础．上海：上海交通大学出版社，1999．
70．严济宽．振动隔离技术评定．噪声与振动控制．1997(6)．
71．张建寿，谢咏絮．机械和液压噪声及其控制．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1987．
2．党锡淇．工程中的管道振动问题．力学与实践，1993(4)．
3．程木限，注水泵入口管道振动分析与减振．石油化工设备技术，1995，16(2)．
4．《振动与冲击手册》编辑委员会．振动与冲击手册 第三卷 工程应用．北京：国防工业出版社，1992．
5．肖建明，郑凡颖，刘瑛琳．居民楼内水泵噪声污染控制．噪声与控制，1977，(4)．
6．吕玉恒．高层住宅水泵房噪声与振动治理，工厂建设与设计，1996(5)．
7．钱继舂．高层供水系统减振降噪研究．天津：天津轻工业学院，2002．
8．沈荣瀛，胡剑凌．充液管道振动研究，噪声与振动控制，1996，(5)．
9. Asheley H.and Haviland G.bending Vibrations of a Pipeline Containing Flowing Fluid J.Appl. Mech. 17,1950;229-232.
10. Housner G..W Bending Vibrations of a Pipeline Containing Flowing Fluid J.Appl.Mech.19,1952:205-208.
11. Haroldl Dodds, Jr.and Hang L. Runyan Effect of Highvelocity Fluid Flow out the Bending Vibrations and Static Diveregence of a Simply Supported Pipe NDSA-targley,1965,L-4408.
12. Benjamin T B. Dynamics of A System of Articulated Pipes Conveying Fluid,Ⅰ:theory.In:Proceedings of the Royal Society(London),1961; A261:457-486.
13. Paidoussis M P, Laithier B E. Dynamic of Timoshenko Beams Conveying Fluid. J. of Mechanical Science,1976,18: 210-220.
14. R.H.Long. Experimental and Theoretical Study of Transverse Vibration of a Tube Containing Flowing Fluid. J. Appl. Mech., 1995,22(6): 65-68.
15. R. W.Gregory and M. P. Paidoussis,Unstable Oscillation of Tubular Cantilevers Conveying Fluid—Ⅰ Theory, Proc., Roy. Soc., London,Ser. A293(5) (1966),512-527.
16. J.L. Hill and C.P. Swanson. Effects of Lumped masses or the Stability of Fluid Conveying Tubes. J. Appl. Mech., 37(4) (1970),494-497.
17．酒井敏之等．关于往复式压缩机管道系统脉动的研究，Bulletin of JSME，1973，16．
18．山田荣，野田桂一郎．配管系压力脉动计算流体力学．通卷110号昭和49年10月，1974．10．
19．叶山真治，毛利泰裕等．日本机械工程学会论文集，42卷364号，昭和51年12月，1976．
20．藤川猛等．日本机械学会论文集41卷343号，1975．
21. Benson R.S and Vcer A.S.Some Recent Reseaced in Gas Dynamic Modeling of Multiple Single Stage Reciprocating Compressor Systems,. Purdue Compressor
Technology Conference,1972.
22. Maclaren J.E Advances in Numerical Methods to Solve the Equations Governing Unsteady Gas Flow in Reciprocating Compressor Systems. Purdue Compressor Technology conference,1976.
23. Fuller, C. R. & Fathy, EJ. 1982 Characteristic of Wave Propagation and Energy Distribution in Cylindrical Elastic Shells Filled with Fluid. ASME Journal of Sound and Vibration 81(4): 501-518.
24. Hatfied, F.J. Wiggert, D.C. & Qtwell, R.S. 1982a Fluid Structure Interaction in Piping by Component Synthesis. ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering 104,318-325.
25. Wood D.J. A Study of the Response of Coupled Liquid Flow-Structural Systems Subjected to Periodic Disturbances. ASME Journal of Basic Engineering, Vol.90,pp.532-540, Dec.1968.
26. Blade R.L., Lewis W. and Goodykoontz J.H. Study of a Sinusoiclally Perturbed Floe in a Line Including a 90 deg Elbow with Flexible Supports. NASA Tech. Note D-1216,1962.
27. Regetz J.D., Jr., An Experimental Determination of the Dynamic Response of a Long Hydraulic Line, NASA Tech. Note D-576, 1960.
28. Everstine G.C. Dynamic Analysis Fluid-filled Piping Systems Using Finite Element Techniques. ASME Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 1986,Vol.108, pp57-61.
29. Jamnia M.A.,Jacjson J.E. Preliminary Study for Finite Element Analysis of Two -Dimensional Fluid-soild Interaction. In Proceeding of the 5th International Conference on Pressure Surges,BHRA, Hanover,Germany, September 1986, pp51-62.
30. Hamdi M.A., Oussent Y. and Verchery G. A displacement Method for the Analysis of Vibration of Coupled Fluid-Structure Systems. Int. J. Num. Engng.,13,1(1978), pp139-150.
31. Everstine G.C. A Symmetric Potential Formulation for Fluid-Structure Interaction.J.Sound Vib.,79,(1981), pp157-160.
32. M.J. Lighthill. Proc. Roy. Soc, 1952,Vol. 211, pp564-587.
33. R.J. Gibert These dedoctorat, 1974, Paris.
34．徐稼选等．压缩机管道系统结构振动计算．化工与通用机械，1983(8)．
35．党锡淇等．活塞式压缩机气流脉动与管道振动．西安交通大学出版社，1984．
36．盛敬超．一种管道振动流模态分析法．浙江大学学报，1987(4)．
37．张智勇，沈荣瀛，王强．充液管道系统的模态分析．固体力学学报，2001，22(2)．
38．闫祥安，郑炜，张青等．往复泵输液管道结构振动有限元分析．机械工程学报，1999，35(6)．
39．焦宗夏，华清，于凯等．传输管道流固耦合振动的模态分析．中国航空学会控制与
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