露天矿边坡设计及工程动载作用下的稳定性分析与评价
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摘要
针对当今世界范围内矿产资源大量开采与现有资源保有量不足这一现状,从如何减少矿石开采损失与高效开采这一角度入手,深入地研究了露天坑边坡优化设计的力学基础,建立了露天坑数字模拟模型,并根据目前露天矿边坡在工程动载作用下分析研究不足的情况,系统分析了在台阶爆破和矿用重型车辆运行动荷载扰动下的边坡稳定性。
主要研究内容如下：
1、结合矿区地质勘察报告、室内岩块测试以及现场勘测等地质数据,借助RMR分类系统对边坡分区岩体进行了质量评价和分类,并运用Hoek-Brown准则对岩体强度参数和变形参数进行计算；获取与工程实际较为接近的岩体力学参数；
2、采用复变三角插值理论和法线迭代收敛方法,将任意复杂边界单连通域转化为单位圆域,建立二者之间的共形映射函数,实现解析建模求解；推导露天坑边坡角与相关岩石力学参数、开挖半径以及水平构造应力沿径向分量之间的关系式,以此进行露天坑边坡形状设计；并用RBF神经网络模型进行边坡稳定性影响参数敏感性分析；
3、结合大量的矿山基础数据,借助MapGIS, Midas, AutoCAD、 FLAC3D及Supac等软件的数值模拟功能,建立了准确度较高的矿山三维数值模型；
4、结合预裂爆破和深孔台阶爆破各自的技术特点,设计了台阶爆破开挖方案；运用动力学时程分析法计算边坡在爆破荷载作用下的动位移、加速度、动应力随时间的响应过程；
5、首次研究露天矿边坡在车辆运行条件下的稳定性,并将车辆荷载作用下边坡的动力响应描述为一带有输入与输出的系统响应问题,建立了车-路耦合模型；分析了在车辆不同工况下(空载、满载、超载)下台阶的动力稳定性；
6、根据边坡稳定性影响因素具有随机性、模糊性、可变性等不确定性等特点,应用ANFIS的评价模型建立了边坡稳定性指标与稳定性的非线性映射关系,与神经网络方法相比其计算结果更接近边坡的实际情况。
In view of the insufficient available mineral resource resulting from the global heavy exploitation, intensive research is made on the mechanics basis for the open pit slope optimization through the effective mining of the measured resource by reducing ore mining loss and dilution. Open pit numerical model is developed. In consideration of lack of thorough research on the slope stability under the construction disturbance, systematic analysis is conducted on the slope stability under the disturbance from the bench blasting operation and dynamic load of the heavy-duty mining vehicles
The research is focused as follows.
1. Determining the mechanics parameters of the slope rock mass based on the geological exploration report, rock laboratory tests, and mine site prospecting data, sub-area of the slope quality are evaluated and classified with the help of RMR system. The rock mass strength and transformation parameters much closely reality by using Hoek Brown criterion is obtained.
2. By converting the simply connected domain of the arbitrary complicated boundary into the unit circle domain through complex-variable triangle interpolation and normal iteration convergence, the conformal mapping function between each other is established to realize the analytical modeling solution. The relationships among the pit slope angle and relevant rock mechanics parameters, the excavation radius radial component of the horizontal structure stress is derived, which can help to design the open pit slope shape. The sensitivity analysis of parameters affecting the slope stability is completed through RBF neural network model.
3. A3D numerical model with high accuracy is obtained by means of numerical simulation with a lot of mine basic data by using MapGIS, Midas, AutoCAD. FLAC3D and Surpac.
4. Designing the bench blasting scheme in the open-pit through the combination of the pre-splitting blasting with deep-hole bench blasting. The time-related response process of the moving displacement, accelerated velocity and dynamic stress of the slope under the blasting loads is analyzed.
5. By modeling the dynamic response of the slope under the vehicle loads as a response of the system with input and output, the truck-road coupling model is established, and the bench dynamic stability under different operating modes (empty, fully-loaded and overloaded) of the vehicles is analyzed for the first time.
6. In view of randomness, ambiguity, variability and uncertainty of the factors affecting the slope stability, ANFIS evaluation model is applied to develop the non-linear mapping relationship between the slope stability index and the stability. In comparison with the neural network method, the calculation results are closer to the actual slope condition.
主要研究内容如下：
1、结合矿区地质勘察报告、室内岩块测试以及现场勘测等地质数据,借助RMR分类系统对边坡分区岩体进行了质量评价和分类,并运用Hoek-Brown准则对岩体强度参数和变形参数进行计算；获取与工程实际较为接近的岩体力学参数；
2、采用复变三角插值理论和法线迭代收敛方法,将任意复杂边界单连通域转化为单位圆域,建立二者之间的共形映射函数,实现解析建模求解；推导露天坑边坡角与相关岩石力学参数、开挖半径以及水平构造应力沿径向分量之间的关系式,以此进行露天坑边坡形状设计；并用RBF神经网络模型进行边坡稳定性影响参数敏感性分析；
3、结合大量的矿山基础数据,借助MapGIS, Midas, AutoCAD、 FLAC3D及Supac等软件的数值模拟功能,建立了准确度较高的矿山三维数值模型；
4、结合预裂爆破和深孔台阶爆破各自的技术特点,设计了台阶爆破开挖方案；运用动力学时程分析法计算边坡在爆破荷载作用下的动位移、加速度、动应力随时间的响应过程；
5、首次研究露天矿边坡在车辆运行条件下的稳定性,并将车辆荷载作用下边坡的动力响应描述为一带有输入与输出的系统响应问题,建立了车-路耦合模型；分析了在车辆不同工况下(空载、满载、超载)下台阶的动力稳定性；
6、根据边坡稳定性影响因素具有随机性、模糊性、可变性等不确定性等特点,应用ANFIS的评价模型建立了边坡稳定性指标与稳定性的非线性映射关系,与神经网络方法相比其计算结果更接近边坡的实际情况。
In view of the insufficient available mineral resource resulting from the global heavy exploitation, intensive research is made on the mechanics basis for the open pit slope optimization through the effective mining of the measured resource by reducing ore mining loss and dilution. Open pit numerical model is developed. In consideration of lack of thorough research on the slope stability under the construction disturbance, systematic analysis is conducted on the slope stability under the disturbance from the bench blasting operation and dynamic load of the heavy-duty mining vehicles
The research is focused as follows.
1. Determining the mechanics parameters of the slope rock mass based on the geological exploration report, rock laboratory tests, and mine site prospecting data, sub-area of the slope quality are evaluated and classified with the help of RMR system. The rock mass strength and transformation parameters much closely reality by using Hoek Brown criterion is obtained.
2. By converting the simply connected domain of the arbitrary complicated boundary into the unit circle domain through complex-variable triangle interpolation and normal iteration convergence, the conformal mapping function between each other is established to realize the analytical modeling solution. The relationships among the pit slope angle and relevant rock mechanics parameters, the excavation radius radial component of the horizontal structure stress is derived, which can help to design the open pit slope shape. The sensitivity analysis of parameters affecting the slope stability is completed through RBF neural network model.
3. A3D numerical model with high accuracy is obtained by means of numerical simulation with a lot of mine basic data by using MapGIS, Midas, AutoCAD. FLAC3D and Surpac.
4. Designing the bench blasting scheme in the open-pit through the combination of the pre-splitting blasting with deep-hole bench blasting. The time-related response process of the moving displacement, accelerated velocity and dynamic stress of the slope under the blasting loads is analyzed.
5. By modeling the dynamic response of the slope under the vehicle loads as a response of the system with input and output, the truck-road coupling model is established, and the bench dynamic stability under different operating modes (empty, fully-loaded and overloaded) of the vehicles is analyzed for the first time.
6. In view of randomness, ambiguity, variability and uncertainty of the factors affecting the slope stability, ANFIS evaluation model is applied to develop the non-linear mapping relationship between the slope stability index and the stability. In comparison with the neural network method, the calculation results are closer to the actual slope condition.
引文
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