注浆技术在饱和粉细砂地层地铁隧道中的应用
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摘要
第四系软弱地层是城市地下空间中常见的地层,而其中的粉细砂地层特别是饱和的粉细砂地层,一般都比较松散,无粘聚力,砂土体的自稳力能很差,在这种富含地下水的粉细砂地层中利用浅埋暗挖法修建城市地铁隧道,极易发生涌水、涌砂、地层塌陷等工程事故。为了保证隧道开挖工作面的稳定以及控制地表沉降,使工程施工能安全顺利进行,对富含地下水的粉细砂地层进行注浆堵水加固是施工过程中不可缺少的重要环节。
本文结合北京地铁亦庄线亦庄火车站后渡线浅埋暗挖隧道注浆工程,利用理论分析、现场试验、实验室试验等方法对在饱和粉细砂地层的注浆作用机理以及作用效果进行分析研究,得出以下结论:
(1)水平袖阀管后退式分段注浆工艺采用管内止浆塞分段止浆,止浆效果明显,并能实现定域、定压、定量、往复精细注浆。采用水平袖阀管后退式分段注浆技术对饱和粉细砂地层其进行超前预注浆堵水、加固,可以达到很好的堵水、加固的目的和效果。
(2)对饱和粉细砂地层进行注浆堵水、加固,可以选用改性水玻璃浆液以及TGRM超细水泥浆液,并采用反复注入的方法。在定流量和注浆时间的条件下注浆,对于改性水玻璃以及水灰比小于1的TGRM超细水泥浆液可应用宾汉姆流体渗透扩散理论公式计算浆液的扩散半径以及单孔的理论注浆量,根据注浆施工记录,单孔的实际注浆量是比较符合理论值的。
(3)对饱和粉细砂地层进行注浆后,粉细砂土体的稳定性和强度都得到了提高,加固后的粉细砂土体中有明显的粗、细相交的网状浆脉,整个注浆堵水、加固作用过程是充填渗透、挤密、劈裂复合注浆作用的结果。
本文通过理论研究、现场试验、实验室试验等方法分析得出的结论对今后类似工程的施工具有一定的借鉴意义。
Quaternary soft stratum is common in urban underground space, among which fine silt, specially saturated fine silt, is normally unconsolidated, without cohesion, and relatively weak stability. To build urban subway tunnels by shallow tunnel construction in fine silt stratum being rich in underground water will easily cause construction accidents, such as water gushing, sand boiling and ground subsidence, etc. To ensure the stability of tunnelling working face and control land subsidence, and the successful progress of the construction, it’s an indispensable important part to grout for water-blocking and consolidation in fine silt stratum rich in underground water in construction process.
With the combination of shallow depth excavation grouting construction for Yizhuang training station rear line of Beijing subway Yizhuang line, this thesis has analyzed and researched saturated sand grouting mechanism and effect by theoretical analysis, field test, and laboratory test, etc., and a conclusion is reached as follows:
(1) Retreating grouting process in sections for horizontal sleeve valve tubes applies internal stop-grouting plug to stop grout in sections. The stop-grouting effect is good, with repeated fine grouting with fixed area, pressure, and amount. The application of horizontal sleeve valve tubes by retreating grouting in sections on saturated sand stratum for pre-grouting water blocking and reinforcement will achieve good water-plug and reinforcement purpose and effect.
(2) For water plugging and reinforcement on saturated fine silt stratum, modified water glass mix and TGRM microfine cement slurry can be applied with repeated grouting method. To grout under constant flow and set grouting period, Bingham fluid permeability and diffusion format could be applied to calculate extent radius of grout and theoretical grouting volume for single pore of modified water glass mix and TGRM microfine cement slurry with the water cement ratio as less than 1. In accordance with grouting construction record, actual grouting volume for single pore relatively conforms to theoretical values.
(3) After grouting in saturated fine silt stratum, the stability and strength of find silt are both enhanced. After reinforcement, find silt stratum is with obvious netted grout veins. The whole grouting, water blocking and reinforcement process is the effect of complex grouting with the combination of filling infiltration, compaction and hydrofracture.
The conclusion reached in this thesis by theoretical analysis, field test, and laboratory test, etc. is with definite practical guidance to similar constructions.
本文结合北京地铁亦庄线亦庄火车站后渡线浅埋暗挖隧道注浆工程,利用理论分析、现场试验、实验室试验等方法对在饱和粉细砂地层的注浆作用机理以及作用效果进行分析研究,得出以下结论:
(1)水平袖阀管后退式分段注浆工艺采用管内止浆塞分段止浆,止浆效果明显,并能实现定域、定压、定量、往复精细注浆。采用水平袖阀管后退式分段注浆技术对饱和粉细砂地层其进行超前预注浆堵水、加固,可以达到很好的堵水、加固的目的和效果。
(2)对饱和粉细砂地层进行注浆堵水、加固,可以选用改性水玻璃浆液以及TGRM超细水泥浆液,并采用反复注入的方法。在定流量和注浆时间的条件下注浆,对于改性水玻璃以及水灰比小于1的TGRM超细水泥浆液可应用宾汉姆流体渗透扩散理论公式计算浆液的扩散半径以及单孔的理论注浆量,根据注浆施工记录,单孔的实际注浆量是比较符合理论值的。
(3)对饱和粉细砂地层进行注浆后,粉细砂土体的稳定性和强度都得到了提高,加固后的粉细砂土体中有明显的粗、细相交的网状浆脉,整个注浆堵水、加固作用过程是充填渗透、挤密、劈裂复合注浆作用的结果。
本文通过理论研究、现场试验、实验室试验等方法分析得出的结论对今后类似工程的施工具有一定的借鉴意义。
Quaternary soft stratum is common in urban underground space, among which fine silt, specially saturated fine silt, is normally unconsolidated, without cohesion, and relatively weak stability. To build urban subway tunnels by shallow tunnel construction in fine silt stratum being rich in underground water will easily cause construction accidents, such as water gushing, sand boiling and ground subsidence, etc. To ensure the stability of tunnelling working face and control land subsidence, and the successful progress of the construction, it’s an indispensable important part to grout for water-blocking and consolidation in fine silt stratum rich in underground water in construction process.
With the combination of shallow depth excavation grouting construction for Yizhuang training station rear line of Beijing subway Yizhuang line, this thesis has analyzed and researched saturated sand grouting mechanism and effect by theoretical analysis, field test, and laboratory test, etc., and a conclusion is reached as follows:
(1) Retreating grouting process in sections for horizontal sleeve valve tubes applies internal stop-grouting plug to stop grout in sections. The stop-grouting effect is good, with repeated fine grouting with fixed area, pressure, and amount. The application of horizontal sleeve valve tubes by retreating grouting in sections on saturated sand stratum for pre-grouting water blocking and reinforcement will achieve good water-plug and reinforcement purpose and effect.
(2) For water plugging and reinforcement on saturated fine silt stratum, modified water glass mix and TGRM microfine cement slurry can be applied with repeated grouting method. To grout under constant flow and set grouting period, Bingham fluid permeability and diffusion format could be applied to calculate extent radius of grout and theoretical grouting volume for single pore of modified water glass mix and TGRM microfine cement slurry with the water cement ratio as less than 1. In accordance with grouting construction record, actual grouting volume for single pore relatively conforms to theoretical values.
(3) After grouting in saturated fine silt stratum, the stability and strength of find silt are both enhanced. After reinforcement, find silt stratum is with obvious netted grout veins. The whole grouting, water blocking and reinforcement process is the effect of complex grouting with the combination of filling infiltration, compaction and hydrofracture.
The conclusion reached in this thesis by theoretical analysis, field test, and laboratory test, etc. is with definite practical guidance to similar constructions.
引文
B.Amadei, W.Z.Savage. An analytical solution for transient flow of Bingham viscoplastic materials in rock fractures. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and MiningSciences, 2001, 38(2):285～296
Baker C. Comments on paper‘Rock Stabilization in Rock Mechanics’. Muler, Springer-Verlag NY, 1974
G. Lombardi. The role of the cohesion on cement grount-ing of rock. In Proceedings of the 15th Congress onLarge Dams, Lausanne, International Commossion onLarge Dams(ICOLD).1985.235～261
King J.C., Bush, E.C. Symposium on grouting: grouting of granular materials. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, 1961,87(SM2):1～31
Mitchell, J.K. In-Palace Treatment of Foundation Soils. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, New York, 1970
蔡胜华,黄智勇,董建军,等.注浆法.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006
程晓,张凤祥.土建注浆施工与效果检测.上海:同济大学出版社,1998
陈愈炯.压密和劈裂灌浆加固地基的原理和方法.岩土工程学报,1994,16(2),22～27
E.农维勒.灌浆的理论与实践(中译本).沈阳:东北大学出版社,1991
孔恒,彭峰.分段前进式超前深孔注浆地层预加固技术.市政技术,2008,26(6),483～486
孔恒.城市地铁隧道浅埋暗挖法地层预加固机理及其应用研究:[博士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学,2003
郝哲,王来贵,刘斌.岩体注浆理论与应用.北京:地质出版社,2006
何修仁.注浆加固与堵水.沈阳:东北工学院出版社,1990
黄德发,王宗敏,杨彬.地层注浆堵水与加固施工技术.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003
黄元红,荣耀.饱和砂层驱水渗透注浆分析.岩土力学,2009,30(7):2016～2020
邝健政,月稳,王杰等主编.岩土注浆理论与工程实例.北京:科学出版社,2001
刘丹,刘凤翔,叶淑萍.渗透注浆简介及其发展.山西建筑,2006,32(3):103～104
刘嘉材.裂隙注浆扩散半径的研究.水利水电科学院科学研究论文集.北京:水利水电出版社,1988
刘晓敏.注浆技术的发展及应用施工技术研究与应用.安徽建筑,2000,3,59～60
李河玉.小导管注浆技术及在隧道和地下工程中的应用:[硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学,2002
李晓红,姜德义,刘春,等.公路隧道穿越采空区治理技术研究.岩土力学, 2005, 26(6): 910～914
梁炯鋆.锚固与注浆技术手册.北京:中国电力出版社,1999
罗平平,何山,张玮,等.岩体注浆理论研究现状及展望.山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,24(1):46～48
孙国庆,张民庆.圆梁山隧道粉细砂填充型溶洞注浆技术探讨.探矿工程,2005,(1):158～164
王梦恕.地下工程浅埋暗挖技术通论.安徽:安徽教育出版社,2004
岩土工程手册编写委员会.岩土工程.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994
杨光煦.粉细砂特性及其工程措施.施工设计研究.1996,33(2):1～7
杨米加.注浆理论的研究现状及发展方向.岩石力学与工程学报.2001,20(6):839～841
杨平.砂(卵)砾石层模拟注浆试验及渗透注浆机理研究:[博士学位论文].长沙:中南大学,2005
杨秀竹,雷金山,夏力农,等.幂律型浆液扩散半径研究.岩土力学.2005,26(11),1803～1806
张春文.高压喷射注浆法处理岭澳核电站DG-GB廊道工后沉降的应用.电力建设,2002,23(6):16～17
张民庆,彭峰.地下工程注浆技术.北京:地质出版社,2008
张民庆,黄平先,常记春,等.袖阀管注浆工法在国内工程施工中的应用.探矿工程, 1999,(5): 19～21
卓越,韩忠存.广州地铁动水砂层注浆施工技术.西部探矿工程,1998,10(5):39～42
Baker C. Comments on paper‘Rock Stabilization in Rock Mechanics’. Muler, Springer-Verlag NY, 1974
G. Lombardi. The role of the cohesion on cement grount-ing of rock. In Proceedings of the 15th Congress onLarge Dams, Lausanne, International Commossion onLarge Dams(ICOLD).1985.235～261
King J.C., Bush, E.C. Symposium on grouting: grouting of granular materials. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, 1961,87(SM2):1～31
Mitchell, J.K. In-Palace Treatment of Foundation Soils. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, New York, 1970
蔡胜华,黄智勇,董建军,等.注浆法.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006
程晓,张凤祥.土建注浆施工与效果检测.上海:同济大学出版社,1998
陈愈炯.压密和劈裂灌浆加固地基的原理和方法.岩土工程学报,1994,16(2),22～27
E.农维勒.灌浆的理论与实践(中译本).沈阳:东北大学出版社,1991
孔恒,彭峰.分段前进式超前深孔注浆地层预加固技术.市政技术,2008,26(6),483～486
孔恒.城市地铁隧道浅埋暗挖法地层预加固机理及其应用研究:[博士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学,2003
郝哲,王来贵,刘斌.岩体注浆理论与应用.北京:地质出版社,2006
何修仁.注浆加固与堵水.沈阳:东北工学院出版社,1990
黄德发,王宗敏,杨彬.地层注浆堵水与加固施工技术.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003
黄元红,荣耀.饱和砂层驱水渗透注浆分析.岩土力学,2009,30(7):2016～2020
邝健政,月稳,王杰等主编.岩土注浆理论与工程实例.北京:科学出版社,2001
刘丹,刘凤翔,叶淑萍.渗透注浆简介及其发展.山西建筑,2006,32(3):103～104
刘嘉材.裂隙注浆扩散半径的研究.水利水电科学院科学研究论文集.北京:水利水电出版社,1988
刘晓敏.注浆技术的发展及应用施工技术研究与应用.安徽建筑,2000,3,59～60
李河玉.小导管注浆技术及在隧道和地下工程中的应用:[硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学,2002
李晓红,姜德义,刘春,等.公路隧道穿越采空区治理技术研究.岩土力学, 2005, 26(6): 910～914
梁炯鋆.锚固与注浆技术手册.北京:中国电力出版社,1999
罗平平,何山,张玮,等.岩体注浆理论研究现状及展望.山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,24(1):46～48
孙国庆,张民庆.圆梁山隧道粉细砂填充型溶洞注浆技术探讨.探矿工程,2005,(1):158～164
王梦恕.地下工程浅埋暗挖技术通论.安徽:安徽教育出版社,2004
岩土工程手册编写委员会.岩土工程.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994
杨光煦.粉细砂特性及其工程措施.施工设计研究.1996,33(2):1～7
杨米加.注浆理论的研究现状及发展方向.岩石力学与工程学报.2001,20(6):839～841
杨平.砂(卵)砾石层模拟注浆试验及渗透注浆机理研究:[博士学位论文].长沙:中南大学,2005
杨秀竹,雷金山,夏力农,等.幂律型浆液扩散半径研究.岩土力学.2005,26(11),1803～1806
张春文.高压喷射注浆法处理岭澳核电站DG-GB廊道工后沉降的应用.电力建设,2002,23(6):16～17
张民庆,彭峰.地下工程注浆技术.北京:地质出版社,2008
张民庆,黄平先,常记春,等.袖阀管注浆工法在国内工程施工中的应用.探矿工程, 1999,(5): 19～21
卓越,韩忠存.广州地铁动水砂层注浆施工技术.西部探矿工程,1998,10(5):39～42