隧道穿越建筑物过程中注浆抬升技术研究
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摘要
注浆抬升技术,是采用注浆方式充填、加固软弱松散地基,并借助浆液产生的压力使被抬物上移的技术。本文在前人的研究成果的基础上,深入研究了注浆抬升的机理、不同因素对抬升效果的影响及抬升的一般规律。最后将注浆抬升工法应用于厦门机场路工程的建筑物抬升实践中。主要内容如下：
(1)在广泛研究中外文献的基础上,借鉴前人研究成果,加以提炼、总结、探讨了注浆抬升的机理,对劈裂注浆的过程进行分析,明确了土体抬升破坏形式及注浆压力的大小,建立了抬升量与注浆量之间的关系等。
(2)进行室内试验,确定出适合机场路地层注浆的浆材,并通过现场注浆试验对袖阀管法与钻注法两种注浆工艺进行了比选。对试验楼的注浆抬升试验进行了分析总结,得出了注浆压力、单次抬升量的控制标准,并总结了注浆抬升施工的要点。
(3)运用数值模拟的方法,对不同的抬升方式进行了对比分析,得出了在不同地层弹性模量、不同的注浆压力、不同的注浆深度以及多次少量反复抬升情况下的注浆效果。
(4)将注浆抬升工艺应用于厦门机场路隧道注浆工程中,并对沉降监测数据、洞内、地表注浆抬升方案进行了对比、分析、总结,研究结果表明注浆抬升方案成效显著；同时也指出其中存在的不足,总结了稳定抬升的必要条件,对注浆抬升方案进行了进一步的优化,为以后类似工程的提供了经验与参考。
Grouting uplift is a technology used to filled and reinforced soft loose ground by grouting method,and then uplift buildings by grouting pressure.In this paper,based on previous studies,do the further study contents including the mechanism of grouting uplift,effect of different factors on grouting uplift,the general rules of grouting uplift,and apply the engineering methods of grouting uplift to buildings uplift practice of Xia Men Airport Road project at last. The details are as follows:
(1) On the basis of researching domestic and foreign literature extensively,the mechanism of grouting uplift is learned and refined from previous research. the process of splitting grouting is analyzed. The destruction form of soil uplift and the value of Uplift pressure are made clear. The relationship between the grouting value and the soil displacement value is established.
(2) Loratory experiment is used to determine the grouting material which is suit to the Airport Road strata,and field experiment is used to choose the better grouting technology between sleeve valve pipe Technology and drilling Technology.According to the Analyzed and summarized on grouting uplift experiment of the test buildings, the controlling standards of grouting pressure and Elevation of a single volume are Concluded. And the main points of the grouting uplift construction are summarized.
(3) By using numerical simulation method,different ways of grouting uplift methods have been compared and analyzed.And some grouting effec have been got in the condition of different strata elastic modulus,different grouting pressure,different grouting depth,and a small amount of uplift for several times.
(4) It shows that the effect of grouting uplift is remarkable after do some Comparison of settlement date,horauchi ground surface grouting uplift methods,and ground surface grouting uplift methods.But it also existences deficiency.The necessary conditions for a stable uplift has been summed up,and a further optimized about grouting uplift program has been done. All of that provide valuable experience for future similar projects.
(1)在广泛研究中外文献的基础上,借鉴前人研究成果,加以提炼、总结、探讨了注浆抬升的机理,对劈裂注浆的过程进行分析,明确了土体抬升破坏形式及注浆压力的大小,建立了抬升量与注浆量之间的关系等。
(2)进行室内试验,确定出适合机场路地层注浆的浆材,并通过现场注浆试验对袖阀管法与钻注法两种注浆工艺进行了比选。对试验楼的注浆抬升试验进行了分析总结,得出了注浆压力、单次抬升量的控制标准,并总结了注浆抬升施工的要点。
(3)运用数值模拟的方法,对不同的抬升方式进行了对比分析,得出了在不同地层弹性模量、不同的注浆压力、不同的注浆深度以及多次少量反复抬升情况下的注浆效果。
(4)将注浆抬升工艺应用于厦门机场路隧道注浆工程中,并对沉降监测数据、洞内、地表注浆抬升方案进行了对比、分析、总结,研究结果表明注浆抬升方案成效显著；同时也指出其中存在的不足,总结了稳定抬升的必要条件,对注浆抬升方案进行了进一步的优化,为以后类似工程的提供了经验与参考。
Grouting uplift is a technology used to filled and reinforced soft loose ground by grouting method,and then uplift buildings by grouting pressure.In this paper,based on previous studies,do the further study contents including the mechanism of grouting uplift,effect of different factors on grouting uplift,the general rules of grouting uplift,and apply the engineering methods of grouting uplift to buildings uplift practice of Xia Men Airport Road project at last. The details are as follows:
(1) On the basis of researching domestic and foreign literature extensively,the mechanism of grouting uplift is learned and refined from previous research. the process of splitting grouting is analyzed. The destruction form of soil uplift and the value of Uplift pressure are made clear. The relationship between the grouting value and the soil displacement value is established.
(2) Loratory experiment is used to determine the grouting material which is suit to the Airport Road strata,and field experiment is used to choose the better grouting technology between sleeve valve pipe Technology and drilling Technology.According to the Analyzed and summarized on grouting uplift experiment of the test buildings, the controlling standards of grouting pressure and Elevation of a single volume are Concluded. And the main points of the grouting uplift construction are summarized.
(3) By using numerical simulation method,different ways of grouting uplift methods have been compared and analyzed.And some grouting effec have been got in the condition of different strata elastic modulus,different grouting pressure,different grouting depth,and a small amount of uplift for several times.
(4) It shows that the effect of grouting uplift is remarkable after do some Comparison of settlement date,horauchi ground surface grouting uplift methods,and ground surface grouting uplift methods.But it also existences deficiency.The necessary conditions for a stable uplift has been summed up,and a further optimized about grouting uplift program has been done. All of that provide valuable experience for future similar projects.
引文
[1]陶龙光,巴肇伦.城市地下工程[M].北京：科学出版社.1996
[2]黄宏伟.城市隧道与地下工程的发展与展望[J].地下空间.2001,21(4)：311～317
[3]钱七虎.迎接我国城市地下空间开发高潮[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(4)：112～113
[4]姚海波,王梦恕,张顶立,孔恒.热力隧道下穿地面建筑物的安全评价与对策[J],岩土力学,2006,27(1)：112～116
[5]姚海波.大断面隧道浅埋暗挖法下穿既有地铁构筑物施工技术研究[D].北京：北京交通大学.2005
[6]岩土注浆理论与工程实例协作组编著.岩土注浆理论与工程实例.北京：科学出版社,2001
[7]编写委员会.地基处理手册.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000
[8]高大钊.岩土工程的回顾与前瞻.北京：人民交通出版社,2001
[9]程晓,张凤祥.土建注浆施工与效果检测.上海：同济大学出版社,1998.
[10]施仲衡.地下铁道设计与施工[M].西安：陕西科学技术出版社.1997.
[11]熊厚金.国际岩土锚固与灌浆新进展[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1996
[12]彭振斌.注浆工程设计计算与施工[M].武汉：中国地质大学出版社,1997.8
[13]杨加米等.注浆理论的研究现状及发展方向[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2001.11,20(6),839～841
[14]杜嘉鸿,张崇瑞,何修仁,熊厚金.地下注浆注浆工程简明手册[M].北京：科技出版社,1992.
[15]Graf Edward D.CompaetionGrouting Teehnique and Observations, Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1969:1151～1158
[16]Brown,Douglas R.and Warner,James.Compacetion Grouting,Journal of the Soil MeChanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1973:589
[17]Baker, W.H,E.J.Cording,and H.H.Maepherson,Compaction GroutingControl Ground Movements During Tunneling Undergroud Spaee,1982,7(3):205～213
[18]Scott Harrington,Gregory R Niehaus.Risk Management and Insurance. Inc:Mc-Graw-Hill,1999
[19]张顶立,李治国.高压富水区隧道帷幕注浆止浆系统分析[J]岩石力学,2004,25(7)：115～1154
[20]咎月稳.国外压密注桨技术的发展.地基处理.1997.12
[21]李向红.CCG注浆技术的理论研究和应用研究[D].上海：同济大学.2002
[22]AdelM.El-Kelesh,MostafaE.Mossaad,IsmailM.Basha,Modelofcompactiongrouting[J].Journalof GeotechnicalandGeoenvironmentalEngineering,2001.11,127(11).955～964
[23]Mari,R(1994):Report on Session4:Displacement grouting.Pro.Int.Cong.Grouting in the Ground, (ed.ByBell),1992,T.Telford,London,375-384.
[24]Burland JB.Standing JR. Jardine FM(eds). Building Response to Tunnelling. Case Studies from Construction of the Jubillee Line Extention.Vol.land vol.2 Thomas Telford:London.2001
[25]温世游,陈云敏等.饱和粘土中平均塑性体积应变对压密注浆的影响.中国有色金属学 报.2002.2
[26]王广国,杜明芳.压密注浆机理研究及效果检验.岩石力学与工程学报.2000.9,19(5)
[27]冯旭海.压密注浆作用机理与顶升效应关系的研究[D].北京：煤炭科学研究总院.2003
[28]唐智伟,赵成刚.注浆抬升地层的机理及解析解与数值模拟.岩土力学,2008,29(6)：1514～1516
[29]雷风.分层劈裂注浆作用机理及应用[J]煤炭科学技术,2007,35(5)：42～44
[30]张晓丽.注浆抬升既有地铁机理研究[D],北京：北京交通大学博士学位论文,2007.
[31]邹金锋,李亮,杨小礼.劈裂注浆扩散半径及压力衰减分析[J].水利学报.2006.3,37(3)：314-319.
[32]邹金锋,李亮,杨小礼,王志斌.劈裂注浆能耗分析[J].中国铁道科学.2006.5,27(2)：52-55.
[33]张季如.高应力粒状土中球形孔的扩张问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8)：1209-1214
[34]徐芝纶.《弹性力学》(上,下)(M),北京：高等教育出版社.1990
[35]赵成刚等.土力学原理[M].北京：清华大学出版社-北京交通大学出版社.2004
[36]浅埋暗挖法近距离穿越既有地铁构筑物(区间与车站)关键技术研究[R].北京市轨道交通建设管理有限公司,北京交通大学,中铁隧道集团有限公司.2006
[37]李学成.注浆技术在含水粉细纱地层隧道中的应用研究[D].北京：北京交通大学.2005
[38]厦门市机场路一期工程隧道注浆试验研究报告[R].中铁西南科学研究院.2006
[39]朱继红,万姜林.104、105试验房屋注浆抬升阶段总结报告[R].洛阳：中铁隧道集团厦门机场路一期JC3标项目经理部,2007,12
[40]万姜林.密集建筑下富水风化花岗岩地层浅埋大跨隧道修建技术[R].洛阳：中铁隧道集团厦门机场路一期JC3标项目经理部,2007,11
[41]易小明,张顶立,逢铁铮,骆建军.房屋注浆抬升实践与监测分析,岩土力学,2008
[42]S.K.A.Au, K.Soga, M.D.Bolton. Effect of Mult-iple Injection on Long-tern Compensation Grouting-Laboratory and Numerical Studies [A] Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Groud [C]. Toulouse, France:R. Kastner,2002,657-661.
[43]Falk,E.Soil improvement by injection of solid material with hydraulic energy [D]. German:Institut fur Grundbau und Bodenmechanik, Technische Universitat Wien
[44]Clements Kummerer.Numerical modeling of displacement grouting and application to case histories[M].Graz:Technische Universitat Graz.2003
[45]C.wisser,C.E.Augarde,H.J.Burd. Numerical modeling of compensation grouting above shallow tunnels[J]. international journal for numerical and analytical methods in geomechanics,2005,29:443～471.
[46]Itasca Consulting Group,Inc,FLAC3D User Manuals,Version 2.1[M].Minneapolis, Minnesota,2002.6
[2]黄宏伟.城市隧道与地下工程的发展与展望[J].地下空间.2001,21(4)：311～317
[3]钱七虎.迎接我国城市地下空间开发高潮[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(4)：112～113
[4]姚海波,王梦恕,张顶立,孔恒.热力隧道下穿地面建筑物的安全评价与对策[J],岩土力学,2006,27(1)：112～116
[5]姚海波.大断面隧道浅埋暗挖法下穿既有地铁构筑物施工技术研究[D].北京：北京交通大学.2005
[6]岩土注浆理论与工程实例协作组编著.岩土注浆理论与工程实例.北京：科学出版社,2001
[7]编写委员会.地基处理手册.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000
[8]高大钊.岩土工程的回顾与前瞻.北京：人民交通出版社,2001
[9]程晓,张凤祥.土建注浆施工与效果检测.上海：同济大学出版社,1998.
[10]施仲衡.地下铁道设计与施工[M].西安：陕西科学技术出版社.1997.
[11]熊厚金.国际岩土锚固与灌浆新进展[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1996
[12]彭振斌.注浆工程设计计算与施工[M].武汉：中国地质大学出版社,1997.8
[13]杨加米等.注浆理论的研究现状及发展方向[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2001.11,20(6),839～841
[14]杜嘉鸿,张崇瑞,何修仁,熊厚金.地下注浆注浆工程简明手册[M].北京：科技出版社,1992.
[15]Graf Edward D.CompaetionGrouting Teehnique and Observations, Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1969:1151～1158
[16]Brown,Douglas R.and Warner,James.Compacetion Grouting,Journal of the Soil MeChanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1973:589
[17]Baker, W.H,E.J.Cording,and H.H.Maepherson,Compaction GroutingControl Ground Movements During Tunneling Undergroud Spaee,1982,7(3):205～213
[18]Scott Harrington,Gregory R Niehaus.Risk Management and Insurance. Inc:Mc-Graw-Hill,1999
[19]张顶立,李治国.高压富水区隧道帷幕注浆止浆系统分析[J]岩石力学,2004,25(7)：115～1154
[20]咎月稳.国外压密注桨技术的发展.地基处理.1997.12
[21]李向红.CCG注浆技术的理论研究和应用研究[D].上海：同济大学.2002
[22]AdelM.El-Kelesh,MostafaE.Mossaad,IsmailM.Basha,Modelofcompactiongrouting[J].Journalof GeotechnicalandGeoenvironmentalEngineering,2001.11,127(11).955～964
[23]Mari,R(1994):Report on Session4:Displacement grouting.Pro.Int.Cong.Grouting in the Ground, (ed.ByBell),1992,T.Telford,London,375-384.
[24]Burland JB.Standing JR. Jardine FM(eds). Building Response to Tunnelling. Case Studies from Construction of the Jubillee Line Extention.Vol.land vol.2 Thomas Telford:London.2001
[25]温世游,陈云敏等.饱和粘土中平均塑性体积应变对压密注浆的影响.中国有色金属学 报.2002.2
[26]王广国,杜明芳.压密注浆机理研究及效果检验.岩石力学与工程学报.2000.9,19(5)
[27]冯旭海.压密注浆作用机理与顶升效应关系的研究[D].北京：煤炭科学研究总院.2003
[28]唐智伟,赵成刚.注浆抬升地层的机理及解析解与数值模拟.岩土力学,2008,29(6)：1514～1516
[29]雷风.分层劈裂注浆作用机理及应用[J]煤炭科学技术,2007,35(5)：42～44
[30]张晓丽.注浆抬升既有地铁机理研究[D],北京：北京交通大学博士学位论文,2007.
[31]邹金锋,李亮,杨小礼.劈裂注浆扩散半径及压力衰减分析[J].水利学报.2006.3,37(3)：314-319.
[32]邹金锋,李亮,杨小礼,王志斌.劈裂注浆能耗分析[J].中国铁道科学.2006.5,27(2)：52-55.
[33]张季如.高应力粒状土中球形孔的扩张问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8)：1209-1214
[34]徐芝纶.《弹性力学》(上,下)(M),北京：高等教育出版社.1990
[35]赵成刚等.土力学原理[M].北京：清华大学出版社-北京交通大学出版社.2004
[36]浅埋暗挖法近距离穿越既有地铁构筑物(区间与车站)关键技术研究[R].北京市轨道交通建设管理有限公司,北京交通大学,中铁隧道集团有限公司.2006
[37]李学成.注浆技术在含水粉细纱地层隧道中的应用研究[D].北京：北京交通大学.2005
[38]厦门市机场路一期工程隧道注浆试验研究报告[R].中铁西南科学研究院.2006
[39]朱继红,万姜林.104、105试验房屋注浆抬升阶段总结报告[R].洛阳：中铁隧道集团厦门机场路一期JC3标项目经理部,2007,12
[40]万姜林.密集建筑下富水风化花岗岩地层浅埋大跨隧道修建技术[R].洛阳：中铁隧道集团厦门机场路一期JC3标项目经理部,2007,11
[41]易小明,张顶立,逢铁铮,骆建军.房屋注浆抬升实践与监测分析,岩土力学,2008
[42]S.K.A.Au, K.Soga, M.D.Bolton. Effect of Mult-iple Injection on Long-tern Compensation Grouting-Laboratory and Numerical Studies [A] Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Groud [C]. Toulouse, France:R. Kastner,2002,657-661.
[43]Falk,E.Soil improvement by injection of solid material with hydraulic energy [D]. German:Institut fur Grundbau und Bodenmechanik, Technische Universitat Wien
[44]Clements Kummerer.Numerical modeling of displacement grouting and application to case histories[M].Graz:Technische Universitat Graz.2003
[45]C.wisser,C.E.Augarde,H.J.Burd. Numerical modeling of compensation grouting above shallow tunnels[J]. international journal for numerical and analytical methods in geomechanics,2005,29:443～471.
[46]Itasca Consulting Group,Inc,FLAC3D User Manuals,Version 2.1[M].Minneapolis, Minnesota,2002.6