大跨超浅埋轻轨车站隧道施工控制技术研究
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摘要
重庆轻轨较新线大坪车站隧道暗挖段最大开挖跨度26.3m,拱部结构扁平,最大开挖面积430m2,最大开挖高度20.6m,最小埋深4.0m,为Ⅲ类泥岩,洞跨比为0.15～0.5。本工程地处繁华市区,行经地段地表人文情况复杂,多为抗震性能差的楼房或交通干道公路路面,对爆破振动和沉降要求非常严格。本文以重庆市大坪轻轨车站隧道为依托对复杂条件下对特大断面、超浅埋大跨度城市隧道开挖方法、开挖参数、预支护方法、爆破参数的选择和优化进行了深入研究,既控制地表沉降和爆破振动速度,同时也实现了隧道快速掘进,创造了良好经济效益。从施工方法的选择到相关技术的开发运用都体现了现代隧道工程理念和创新性,丰富和完善了浅埋暗挖城市隧道施工技术,为今后复杂条件下特大断面、超浅埋大跨度城市隧道施工控制提供了一种有效途径。本文主要研究工作包括:
①结合浅埋大跨隧道特点,分析了大跨浅埋隧道开挖围岩应力分布基本特征。以重庆轻轨大坪车站隧道为依托工程,提出了适合本工程特点的5种开挖方式,进行了施工过程力学行为分析,在地铁和城市轻轨工程施工中提出了“上半断面侧壁导坑法,下断面先中槽后侧墙开挖、先拱后墙衬砌”的隧道施工新方法。
②对优选开挖方案根据工程类比,初选一些重要的施工参数,采用以数值模拟仿真为先导,进行三维模拟仿真,选择合理的分步开挖尺寸、相互错开距离、预支护方法等施工参数,将计算结果与实际量测结果进行对比分析,为目前大跨超浅埋城市隧道施工亟待解决的具体施工参数选择提供一种有效方法。
③运用FLAC3D模拟隧道爆破,将爆破动荷载施加在开挖边界,研究数值模拟得到的爆破地震波随距离的衰减规律与实测爆破地震波随距离的衰减规律一致性;运用FLAC3D对大坪车站隧道不同爆破开挖方法地表振动进行了数值模拟,对地表下沉位移、振动速度以及锚杆受力情况进行了数值模拟,计算得出在设计爆破药量下和采用优选开挖方案进行爆破施工对隧道围岩和结构是相对稳定的,从而从爆破角度论证在地铁和城市轻轨工程施工中采用“上半断面侧壁导坑法,下断面先中槽后侧墙开挖、先拱后墙衬砌”的隧道开挖新方法可行性;运用FLAC3D模拟大坪车站隧道左导洞爆破开挖对右导洞已有支护的影响,对振动速度及位移变化情况进行分析,得出在相同设计爆破药量下爆破开挖对左导洞的影响较小,说明采用的施工参数和爆破药量是可行的,从而为复杂条件下的大跨城市隧道施工参数和爆破参数的确定提供重要的依据。
④根据大跨超浅埋隧道的特点,提出了特大跨超浅埋城市地铁隧道的测点布设、量测方法,根据实测结果分析研究隧道开挖围岩动态变化规律以及开挖方法对隧道围岩和结构稳定性影响程度。
⑤通过现场各种量测项目实测分析,发现常规变形量测每次变形量绝对值小,很容易忽视,提出浅埋特大跨隧道施工除须进行常规项目量测外,提出必须选择一些能直观反映围岩变化情况、变形绝对值大的量测项目(如初期支护拱架应力量测)作为常规量测项目,对指导隧道施工、预防险情有着非常重要的现实意义。
The maximum excavation span of Tunnel excavation Daping of Chongqing Light Rail Da-ping Station is 26.3m, with flat arch structure, the maximum excavation of an area of 430m2, the largest excavation height of 20.6m and the minimum depth of 4.0m. It is the classⅢmudstone and the hole-span ratio is 0.15 ~ 0.5. The most important thing is that this project is located in a downtown area, passing through sections of the surface humanities complex, mostly poor seismic performance of buildings or traffic trunk road surface.So it needs very strict requirements for blasting vibration. The study of large section under complicated conditions and ultra-shallow large-span multi-city tunnel construction focuses on tunnel construction safety, but how to ensure the security and economic aspects of the unity is rarely considered. In this paper, we study the largest segment excavation span of tunnel excavation Daping of Chongqing Light Rail Da-ping Station under complicated conditions and the excavation methods, excavation parameters, blasting program and parameter selection and optimization of blasting conducted. Considering both of the control surface settlement and blasting vibration velocity to ensure the safety of tunnel construction, we also achieve rapid tunnel excavation and creat a good economic benefit. From the choice of construction methods to the development and application of related technologies embody the modern tunnel vision and innovation, enrich and improve the shallow urban tunnel construction technology. It provides an effective way to construction control of large section under complicated conditions and ultra-shallow large-span city tunnel:
①Combined with shallow tunnel arch characteristics of long-span flat, we focused on the tunnel surrounding rock stress distribution basic characteristics. We put forward five kinds of excavation methods according to the Chongqing Light Rail Station Daping tunnel engineering to analsied various excavating conditions of the construction process. A new method of tunnel construction is propsed in the subway and urban light rail construction which is the half-section side wall pit method, the next section in the groove after the first side wall excavation, the first arch the back wall lining.
②Attempts in the complex conditions of the tunnel construction process of adopting a numerical simulation as the leading role and optimize the program to simulate the construction process simulation, choose a reasonable step size of excavation, and mutual staggered distance, advance support excavation methods, and to determine the optimal parameters, calculation results and the actual measurements close to each other and the realizing the effective control of the surface subsidence.
③Used FLAC3D to simulate tunnel blasting, the blasting excavation dynamic load applied to the boundary, result show that attenuation law of numerical explosion seismic waves better agree with measured seismic wave attenuation, studies have shown that the greatest surface particle velocity is feasible; used FLAC3D to simulate the ground vibrations of Daping station tunnel blasting excavation of different methods, from the surface settlement displacement, vibration speed and force of bolt to carrie out numerical simulation of calculated show that the design of blasting under an relatively stable state, the proof of adoption of the blasting program is reasonable, and thus prove that from the perspective of blasting in the subway and urban light rail construction in a "lead on the half-section side wall pit method, the next section in the groove after the first side wall excavation, first arch lining the back wall, "new methods of tunnel excavation is feasible; the use of FLAC3D simulation Daping station tunnel blasting excavation of the left guide-hole lead on the right holes have been lining the impact of changes from the vibration velocity and displacement analysis of the circumstances come design of blasting in the same dose of blasting excavation right to do under the guide hole has little effect a description of the construction parameters and blasting dose is feasible, thereby complex under the conditions of a large cross-city tunnel construction parameters and blasting parameters for determination of an important basis.
④According to span the characteristics of ultra-shallow tunnel, propose a complete layout of the measurement points and measurement methods in ultra-large shallow cross-city subway tunnel, and the analysis of measuring results show that the large cross-shallow tunnel construction need not only to carry out regular projects measurements but also for the early strength of bracing measurements. So it can bring us an accurate, intuitive understanding of rock stress changes and have a very important practical significance for guiding tunnel construction and preventing dangerous situations.
⑤Used A variety of field measurements showed that routine measurement have small absolute value of each deformation, it is easy to overlook that the large cross shallow tunnel in addition to routine items to be measured, the importance of selecting can reflect surrounding changes, the absolute value of large deformation measurement project (such as the initial support I-beam to Measure), to guide the tunnel construction, to prevent dangerous situations have very important practical significance.
①结合浅埋大跨隧道特点,分析了大跨浅埋隧道开挖围岩应力分布基本特征。以重庆轻轨大坪车站隧道为依托工程,提出了适合本工程特点的5种开挖方式,进行了施工过程力学行为分析,在地铁和城市轻轨工程施工中提出了“上半断面侧壁导坑法,下断面先中槽后侧墙开挖、先拱后墙衬砌”的隧道施工新方法。
②对优选开挖方案根据工程类比,初选一些重要的施工参数,采用以数值模拟仿真为先导,进行三维模拟仿真,选择合理的分步开挖尺寸、相互错开距离、预支护方法等施工参数,将计算结果与实际量测结果进行对比分析,为目前大跨超浅埋城市隧道施工亟待解决的具体施工参数选择提供一种有效方法。
③运用FLAC3D模拟隧道爆破,将爆破动荷载施加在开挖边界,研究数值模拟得到的爆破地震波随距离的衰减规律与实测爆破地震波随距离的衰减规律一致性;运用FLAC3D对大坪车站隧道不同爆破开挖方法地表振动进行了数值模拟,对地表下沉位移、振动速度以及锚杆受力情况进行了数值模拟,计算得出在设计爆破药量下和采用优选开挖方案进行爆破施工对隧道围岩和结构是相对稳定的,从而从爆破角度论证在地铁和城市轻轨工程施工中采用“上半断面侧壁导坑法,下断面先中槽后侧墙开挖、先拱后墙衬砌”的隧道开挖新方法可行性;运用FLAC3D模拟大坪车站隧道左导洞爆破开挖对右导洞已有支护的影响,对振动速度及位移变化情况进行分析,得出在相同设计爆破药量下爆破开挖对左导洞的影响较小,说明采用的施工参数和爆破药量是可行的,从而为复杂条件下的大跨城市隧道施工参数和爆破参数的确定提供重要的依据。
④根据大跨超浅埋隧道的特点,提出了特大跨超浅埋城市地铁隧道的测点布设、量测方法,根据实测结果分析研究隧道开挖围岩动态变化规律以及开挖方法对隧道围岩和结构稳定性影响程度。
⑤通过现场各种量测项目实测分析,发现常规变形量测每次变形量绝对值小,很容易忽视,提出浅埋特大跨隧道施工除须进行常规项目量测外,提出必须选择一些能直观反映围岩变化情况、变形绝对值大的量测项目(如初期支护拱架应力量测)作为常规量测项目,对指导隧道施工、预防险情有着非常重要的现实意义。
The maximum excavation span of Tunnel excavation Daping of Chongqing Light Rail Da-ping Station is 26.3m, with flat arch structure, the maximum excavation of an area of 430m2, the largest excavation height of 20.6m and the minimum depth of 4.0m. It is the classⅢmudstone and the hole-span ratio is 0.15 ~ 0.5. The most important thing is that this project is located in a downtown area, passing through sections of the surface humanities complex, mostly poor seismic performance of buildings or traffic trunk road surface.So it needs very strict requirements for blasting vibration. The study of large section under complicated conditions and ultra-shallow large-span multi-city tunnel construction focuses on tunnel construction safety, but how to ensure the security and economic aspects of the unity is rarely considered. In this paper, we study the largest segment excavation span of tunnel excavation Daping of Chongqing Light Rail Da-ping Station under complicated conditions and the excavation methods, excavation parameters, blasting program and parameter selection and optimization of blasting conducted. Considering both of the control surface settlement and blasting vibration velocity to ensure the safety of tunnel construction, we also achieve rapid tunnel excavation and creat a good economic benefit. From the choice of construction methods to the development and application of related technologies embody the modern tunnel vision and innovation, enrich and improve the shallow urban tunnel construction technology. It provides an effective way to construction control of large section under complicated conditions and ultra-shallow large-span city tunnel:
①Combined with shallow tunnel arch characteristics of long-span flat, we focused on the tunnel surrounding rock stress distribution basic characteristics. We put forward five kinds of excavation methods according to the Chongqing Light Rail Station Daping tunnel engineering to analsied various excavating conditions of the construction process. A new method of tunnel construction is propsed in the subway and urban light rail construction which is the half-section side wall pit method, the next section in the groove after the first side wall excavation, the first arch the back wall lining.
②Attempts in the complex conditions of the tunnel construction process of adopting a numerical simulation as the leading role and optimize the program to simulate the construction process simulation, choose a reasonable step size of excavation, and mutual staggered distance, advance support excavation methods, and to determine the optimal parameters, calculation results and the actual measurements close to each other and the realizing the effective control of the surface subsidence.
③Used FLAC3D to simulate tunnel blasting, the blasting excavation dynamic load applied to the boundary, result show that attenuation law of numerical explosion seismic waves better agree with measured seismic wave attenuation, studies have shown that the greatest surface particle velocity is feasible; used FLAC3D to simulate the ground vibrations of Daping station tunnel blasting excavation of different methods, from the surface settlement displacement, vibration speed and force of bolt to carrie out numerical simulation of calculated show that the design of blasting under an relatively stable state, the proof of adoption of the blasting program is reasonable, and thus prove that from the perspective of blasting in the subway and urban light rail construction in a "lead on the half-section side wall pit method, the next section in the groove after the first side wall excavation, first arch lining the back wall, "new methods of tunnel excavation is feasible; the use of FLAC3D simulation Daping station tunnel blasting excavation of the left guide-hole lead on the right holes have been lining the impact of changes from the vibration velocity and displacement analysis of the circumstances come design of blasting in the same dose of blasting excavation right to do under the guide hole has little effect a description of the construction parameters and blasting dose is feasible, thereby complex under the conditions of a large cross-city tunnel construction parameters and blasting parameters for determination of an important basis.
④According to span the characteristics of ultra-shallow tunnel, propose a complete layout of the measurement points and measurement methods in ultra-large shallow cross-city subway tunnel, and the analysis of measuring results show that the large cross-shallow tunnel construction need not only to carry out regular projects measurements but also for the early strength of bracing measurements. So it can bring us an accurate, intuitive understanding of rock stress changes and have a very important practical significance for guiding tunnel construction and preventing dangerous situations.
⑤Used A variety of field measurements showed that routine measurement have small absolute value of each deformation, it is easy to overlook that the large cross shallow tunnel in addition to routine items to be measured, the importance of selecting can reflect surrounding changes, the absolute value of large deformation measurement project (such as the initial support I-beam to Measure), to guide the tunnel construction, to prevent dangerous situations have very important practical significance.
引文
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