试论美术作品的追续权
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摘要
1920年产生于法国的追续权(或者叫转售版税权)，是美术家从其美术作品原作在艺术市场的转售收入中得到一定百分比的权利，现已引入约40个国家，其中多为大陆法系国家。在欧盟，某些成员国追续权的缺乏可能引起的内部市场贸易扭曲，导致了对其在欧盟内部加以协调的2001/84/EC号指令的产生。该指令将扩大追续权在世界上的适用范围。
合理性是追续权支持与反对双方的关注焦点。要证明追续权的合理性，应当回答以下两个关键问题：艺术品增值从何而来；谁应从艺术品增值中获利?
追续权具有坚实的法理基础。一方面，美术作品所具有的特殊性(知识产品属性、不可重复性和物质依赖性)决定了，艺术品增值的根本来源是美术作品作者的智力劳动，同时得益于艺术品所有人的资金投入。因此，作者和所有人都有权从转售增值中获得收益。另一方面，追续权作为一种特殊的著作财产权，是对处于市场交易弱势方的作者的利益维护，能够提供一般的传统著作权难以提供的特殊保护，因而具有合理性。
美术作品追续权的必要性和可行性分别由一定的社会条件和制度条件决定。这些条件中国尚不完全具备，因而，追续权尽管具有合理性，但在中国还不能立即实施。
(Droit de Suite or resale royalty right, which was promulgated in France in 1920, is the right of visual artists to receive a percentage of the revenue from the resale of their original works of fine art in the art market. Today it has been introduced into about 40 countries, most of which are civil law countries. In the EU, the possible trade distortion in the internal market caused by the absence of (Droit de Suite in some Member States led to the directive 2001/84/EC that would harmonize it within the EU. The directive will enlarge the scale of its implement all over the world.
The Rationality of Droit de Suite is always the focus of attention. To prove it, the two key questions below should be answered: where does the increment of an art work come from; and who can benefit from it?
(Droit de Suite is reasonable. On one hand, its characters define that the increment of an art work not only comes from the headwork of the author, but also profits from the investment of the owner. So they can both benefit from the resale increment. On the other hand, (Droit de Suite is a special property right& copy right, affording authors, who are the weaker part in the art market, special protection that other traditional copyright can't afford. So it has its rationality.
The necessity and feasibility of (Droit de Suite for visual art work are defined by some social conditions and institutional conditions respectively. Those conditions are not mature in China. Although (Droit de Suite is reasonable, it can't be introduced into China at present.
合理性是追续权支持与反对双方的关注焦点。要证明追续权的合理性，应当回答以下两个关键问题：艺术品增值从何而来；谁应从艺术品增值中获利?
追续权具有坚实的法理基础。一方面，美术作品所具有的特殊性(知识产品属性、不可重复性和物质依赖性)决定了，艺术品增值的根本来源是美术作品作者的智力劳动，同时得益于艺术品所有人的资金投入。因此，作者和所有人都有权从转售增值中获得收益。另一方面，追续权作为一种特殊的著作财产权，是对处于市场交易弱势方的作者的利益维护，能够提供一般的传统著作权难以提供的特殊保护，因而具有合理性。
美术作品追续权的必要性和可行性分别由一定的社会条件和制度条件决定。这些条件中国尚不完全具备，因而，追续权尽管具有合理性，但在中国还不能立即实施。
(Droit de Suite or resale royalty right, which was promulgated in France in 1920, is the right of visual artists to receive a percentage of the revenue from the resale of their original works of fine art in the art market. Today it has been introduced into about 40 countries, most of which are civil law countries. In the EU, the possible trade distortion in the internal market caused by the absence of (Droit de Suite in some Member States led to the directive 2001/84/EC that would harmonize it within the EU. The directive will enlarge the scale of its implement all over the world.
The Rationality of Droit de Suite is always the focus of attention. To prove it, the two key questions below should be answered: where does the increment of an art work come from; and who can benefit from it?
(Droit de Suite is reasonable. On one hand, its characters define that the increment of an art work not only comes from the headwork of the author, but also profits from the investment of the owner. So they can both benefit from the resale increment. On the other hand, (Droit de Suite is a special property right& copy right, affording authors, who are the weaker part in the art market, special protection that other traditional copyright can't afford. So it has its rationality.
The necessity and feasibility of (Droit de Suite for visual art work are defined by some social conditions and institutional conditions respectively. Those conditions are not mature in China. Although (Droit de Suite is reasonable, it can't be introduced into China at present.
引文
伯尔尼公约
中华人民共和国著作权法及其实施条例
美术品经营管理办法(文化部)
澳门著作权法(澳门法令第43/99/M号)
意大利版权法，日本著作权法(来源：法律英语学习网)
台湾著作权法及其实施细则(来源：著作权笔记网站)
法国知识产权法典黄晖译郑成思审校商务印书馆1999
周林．美术家著作权保护北京工业大学出版社1992．04
韦之．著作权法原理北京大学出版1998．04
郑成思．版权公约、版权保护与版权贸易中国人民大学出版杜1992．07
郑成思．版权法．中国人民大学出版社1997．08第二版
郑成思．著名版权案例评析．专利文献出版社1990．08
江平，沈仁干等．中华人民共和国著作权法讲析．中国国际广播出版社1991．02
屠天峰，黄绮．知识产权法实例说．湖南人民出版社1999．09第二版
吴汉东，曹新明，王毅，胡开忠．西方诸国著作权制度研究．中国政法大学出版社1998
施文高．比较著作权法制．施文高个人出版1993．04
梅慎实，史文清．著作权诸问题研究．复旦大学出版社1992．09
饶蕾．欧盟委员会——一个超国家机构的作用西南财经大学出版社2002．07
陈履生，王明贤，严善錞．新中国美术图史．中国青年出版社2000．10
[法]克洛德·科隆贝．世界各国著作权和
邻接权的基本原则．高凌瀚译．上海外语教育出版社1995．04
[美]伦纳德·D·杜博夫．艺术法概要．周林，任允正，高宏微译冲国社会科学出版社1995
[美]罗伯特·考特和托马斯·尤伦．法和经济学．张军译．三联书店上海分店，上海人民出版社1994．12新一版
周林冲国艺术法评述．知识产权研究(第五卷)中国方正出版社1998．05
铁樯．美国艺术家权利协会简介．著作权1998(2)
刘晓军编译．法国视觉艺术作者协会简介．著作权．1998(2)
郭寿康．谈美术作品的追续权．美术1991(3)
郑成思．美术作品版权的特殊问题．美术1991(3)
郑成思．知识产权、财产权与物权．中国软科学1998(6)
戴钦功．著作追续权探析及立法动议．河北法学1997(2)
卢旺存．德国著作权保护机构及著作权集体管理协会．社科纵横1999(5)
李铸晋．当代中国大陆艺坛现况．泛大平洋区当代艺术[讲座专辑]国立中央图书馆编印1991．06
章忠信．当农妇变成贵妇——谈著作人的追及权．http://www.magicpeninfly.org/crnote/bbs.php?board=4&act=read&id=60
刘剑虹．“美术”对艺术100年历史的误读与偏离；“美术”对艺术误读与偏离的补充(来源：ytht.net[162.105.31.222])
世界知识产权组织官方网站2003年1月20日日内瓦最新消息UPD/2003/183(C).2002年成为国际版权法的转折点
陈履生．主流性艺术产业的困境．市场报．2002．09．20．第九版．见http://arts.tom.com/Archive/1004/2002/9/20-76475.html
佚名．中国艺术品市场中介机构的现状．见http://www.artron.net
陈辉．2000年艺术品投资市场十太热点．市场报．2000．12．30．第五版．见http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper53/2330/367273.html
中国大百科全书·美术卷(电子版)．中国大百科全书出版社．2000
《中国收藏》，《美术》，《知识产权》，《著作权》，《人大复印资料》
TOM艺术网，雅昌艺术网，著作权笔记网站，中国期刊网
background on droit de suite http://www.analysphere.com/18Jun01/droitnote.htm
DIRECTIVE 2001/84/EC of the European Parliament and of The Council of 27 September2001 on the resale right for the benefit of the author of an original work of art http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/archive/ 2001/1 27220011013en.html
德国著作权法，英国版权法(来源：著作权笔记网站)
Dr.Jasenka Zaninovic于1993年12月3日在慕尼黑“欧洲的艺术与法”国际会议上的演讲摘要Droit De Suite after the Revision of the Croatian Copyright Law
Terry Ingram Artists get more of pie as ficklemarket booms http://afr.com/specialreports/report2/2002/O5/29/FFXZNF3TN1D.html
Clare McAndrew,Loma Dallas-Conte. Implementing Droit de Suite(artists' resale right)in England
EVA Position on the Council Common position on the Directive to harmonise the Resale Right within Europe http://www.europeanvisualartists.org/EVA Position onthe Council Common position.doc
Lydiate, Henry. Copyright & resale right. ArtMonthly no251 (Nov. 2001) p. 49
Martina Supper. An Analysis of droit de suite from a Law & Economics Perspective (European Master Programme in Law & Economics) www.frg.eur.nl/rile/emle/Theses/supper.pdf
Lydiate, Henry. EU directive: droit de suite. (Art Monthly no256 (May 2002) p. 48-9)
Carola Streul (EVA) Recent Developments inDroit de Suite in Europe http://www.authorsrights.org/Crefo/crefl4.html
Gerhard Pfennig(VG Bild-Kunst) Practical aspects of the exercise of the droit de suite, including in the digital environment, and its effects on developments in the international art market and on the improvement of the protection of visual artists http://www.europeanvisualartists.org/page2.html
Rachel Duffield. The Artist's Resale Right at the International Level http://www.europeanvisualartists.org/dsRDStrasbourg.DOC
elliott alderman, resale royalties in the u.s. for the fine visual artists http://www.artcellarexchange.com/artlaw.html
Mantell, Edmund H. If the art resold, should the artist profit? American Economist v. 39 (Spring 1995) p. 23-31
Richard F. Dahlson Visaul Artists Rights Act of 1990 (VARA) and Droit Moral http://www.jw.com/industries/Entertain Sports/Visual Artists Rights Act.htm
Wilson Select Plus
中华人民共和国著作权法及其实施条例
美术品经营管理办法(文化部)
澳门著作权法(澳门法令第43/99/M号)
意大利版权法，日本著作权法(来源：法律英语学习网)
台湾著作权法及其实施细则(来源：著作权笔记网站)
法国知识产权法典黄晖译郑成思审校商务印书馆1999
周林．美术家著作权保护北京工业大学出版社1992．04
韦之．著作权法原理北京大学出版1998．04
郑成思．版权公约、版权保护与版权贸易中国人民大学出版杜1992．07
郑成思．版权法．中国人民大学出版社1997．08第二版
郑成思．著名版权案例评析．专利文献出版社1990．08
江平，沈仁干等．中华人民共和国著作权法讲析．中国国际广播出版社1991．02
屠天峰，黄绮．知识产权法实例说．湖南人民出版社1999．09第二版
吴汉东，曹新明，王毅，胡开忠．西方诸国著作权制度研究．中国政法大学出版社1998
施文高．比较著作权法制．施文高个人出版1993．04
梅慎实，史文清．著作权诸问题研究．复旦大学出版社1992．09
饶蕾．欧盟委员会——一个超国家机构的作用西南财经大学出版社2002．07
陈履生，王明贤，严善錞．新中国美术图史．中国青年出版社2000．10
[法]克洛德·科隆贝．世界各国著作权和
邻接权的基本原则．高凌瀚译．上海外语教育出版社1995．04
[美]伦纳德·D·杜博夫．艺术法概要．周林，任允正，高宏微译冲国社会科学出版社1995
[美]罗伯特·考特和托马斯·尤伦．法和经济学．张军译．三联书店上海分店，上海人民出版社1994．12新一版
周林冲国艺术法评述．知识产权研究(第五卷)中国方正出版社1998．05
铁樯．美国艺术家权利协会简介．著作权1998(2)
刘晓军编译．法国视觉艺术作者协会简介．著作权．1998(2)
郭寿康．谈美术作品的追续权．美术1991(3)
郑成思．美术作品版权的特殊问题．美术1991(3)
郑成思．知识产权、财产权与物权．中国软科学1998(6)
戴钦功．著作追续权探析及立法动议．河北法学1997(2)
卢旺存．德国著作权保护机构及著作权集体管理协会．社科纵横1999(5)
李铸晋．当代中国大陆艺坛现况．泛大平洋区当代艺术[讲座专辑]国立中央图书馆编印1991．06
章忠信．当农妇变成贵妇——谈著作人的追及权．http://www.magicpeninfly.org/crnote/bbs.php?board=4&act=read&id=60
刘剑虹．“美术”对艺术100年历史的误读与偏离；“美术”对艺术误读与偏离的补充(来源：ytht.net[162.105.31.222])
世界知识产权组织官方网站2003年1月20日日内瓦最新消息UPD/2003/183(C).2002年成为国际版权法的转折点
陈履生．主流性艺术产业的困境．市场报．2002．09．20．第九版．见http://arts.tom.com/Archive/1004/2002/9/20-76475.html
佚名．中国艺术品市场中介机构的现状．见http://www.artron.net
陈辉．2000年艺术品投资市场十太热点．市场报．2000．12．30．第五版．见http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper53/2330/367273.html
中国大百科全书·美术卷(电子版)．中国大百科全书出版社．2000
《中国收藏》，《美术》，《知识产权》，《著作权》，《人大复印资料》
TOM艺术网，雅昌艺术网，著作权笔记网站，中国期刊网
background on droit de suite http://www.analysphere.com/18Jun01/droitnote.htm
DIRECTIVE 2001/84/EC of the European Parliament and of The Council of 27 September2001 on the resale right for the benefit of the author of an original work of art http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/archive/ 2001/1 27220011013en.html
德国著作权法，英国版权法(来源：著作权笔记网站)
Dr.Jasenka Zaninovic于1993年12月3日在慕尼黑“欧洲的艺术与法”国际会议上的演讲摘要Droit De Suite after the Revision of the Croatian Copyright Law
Terry Ingram Artists get more of pie as ficklemarket booms http://afr.com/specialreports/report2/2002/O5/29/FFXZNF3TN1D.html
Clare McAndrew,Loma Dallas-Conte. Implementing Droit de Suite(artists' resale right)in England
EVA Position on the Council Common position on the Directive to harmonise the Resale Right within Europe http://www.europeanvisualartists.org/EVA Position onthe Council Common position.doc
Lydiate, Henry. Copyright & resale right. ArtMonthly no251 (Nov. 2001) p. 49
Martina Supper. An Analysis of droit de suite from a Law & Economics Perspective (European Master Programme in Law & Economics) www.frg.eur.nl/rile/emle/Theses/supper.pdf
Lydiate, Henry. EU directive: droit de suite. (Art Monthly no256 (May 2002) p. 48-9)
Carola Streul (EVA) Recent Developments inDroit de Suite in Europe http://www.authorsrights.org/Crefo/crefl4.html
Gerhard Pfennig(VG Bild-Kunst) Practical aspects of the exercise of the droit de suite, including in the digital environment, and its effects on developments in the international art market and on the improvement of the protection of visual artists http://www.europeanvisualartists.org/page2.html
Rachel Duffield. The Artist's Resale Right at the International Level http://www.europeanvisualartists.org/dsRDStrasbourg.DOC
elliott alderman, resale royalties in the u.s. for the fine visual artists http://www.artcellarexchange.com/artlaw.html
Mantell, Edmund H. If the art resold, should the artist profit? American Economist v. 39 (Spring 1995) p. 23-31
Richard F. Dahlson Visaul Artists Rights Act of 1990 (VARA) and Droit Moral http://www.jw.com/industries/Entertain Sports/Visual Artists Rights Act.htm
Wilson Select Plus