西南三江南段成矿地质背景与地球化学分形解析
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摘要
三江造山带普遍存在多期成矿作用于同一地区叠加复合，成矿地质背景的复杂性与矿床类型的多样性，给应用传统方法识别与提取区域化探异常及定量刻画矿床中元素的富集规律造成了一定困难。论文在全面分析区域地质背景与成矿多样性及典型矿床成矿作用的基础上，采用系列分形理论，结合概率统计等方法，解析了西南三江南段不同尺度成矿元素的分布特征，探讨了控制要素。
通过多重分形等工具，系统描述了不同汇水盆地以及地块的成矿元素的空间分布特征，阐明了不同地块的成矿特色；如，Cu分布奇异性明显地区包括义敦陆缘弧和思茅盆地，Au分布奇异性明显地区包括哀牢山结合带、金沙江结合带和腾冲地块；元素地化分析支持和丰富了三江地区地质勘探规律的认识。
系统探讨了概率分布法、含量-面积模型、分形滤波技术与奇异指数等多种异常提取技术的基本原理，并综合应用于不同地块奇异性明显元素的异常提取；由于异常提取技术基本原理的差异，异常提取范围存在明显区别；但是多种方法提取异常的进一步叠加过滤使圈定异常与已有矿点更准确对应，有利于进一步圈定靶区。基于此方法，进一步圈定了哀牢山结合带的Au-Ag-Pb-Hg元素组合、思茅地块的Pb-Zn-Ag元素组合及腾冲地块的Pb-Zn-Sb-Ag与Sn-Cu等多个找矿靶区，为找矿勘探部署提供了科学依据。
基于自相似分形与多重分形等多种方法，对比分析了北衙多类型叠加矿床、普朗斑岩型铜钼矿床以及勐满热泉型金矿的元素分布规律，结果显示不同成因类型的矿床元素分布分形指数的空间规律有显著差异，分别受控于接触带部位断裂系统与岩浆热胀冷缩构造、蚀变分带及区域NW向断裂等主控因素的影响；同时多类型叠加矿床中的元素分布比其他两类矿床具有更高的空间不均一性。
将系列分形方法应用于区域化探异常的识别与提取及典型矿床的元素富集特征的定量刻画，不同尺度的有机结合，能更有效的反映元素的空间分布特征，深化对成矿规律与成矿作用的理解，同时丰富了分形理论的应用。
Multiphase mineralization is widely developed and superimposed in the samedistrict in Sanjiang ore belt. The complexity of the geological setting and the varietyof the deposit types bring difficulty for the application of traditional methods indelineating the regional geochemical anormaly and describing the elementaldistributions in single deposit. In this paper, based on the systematic analysis ofgeological setting and the variety of mineralization, several fractal models andprobability statistics were used to analyze ore-forming elemental distribution, aimingto indicate the ore-controlling factors.
According to multifractal model and probability statistics, the elementaldistributions in different geological unit and catchment basin are depicted, and thecharacteristics of mineralization in different units are clarified. It is revealed that thesingularity of Cu is high in Yidun continental arc and Simao block; and that of Auare high in Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan suture zone and Tengchong terrene. This studysupports and enriches the understanding of geological prospecting laws.
Several methods, of which the fundamental principles are systematicallydiscussed, including probability distribution methods, concentration-area model,spectrum-area model and singularity index, are combined to extract geochemicalanomalies in different geological units and catchment basins. Due to the differencesbetween the principle of each method, most of the anomalies derived from variousmethods are different. However, the anomalies, with high coincide to the deposits(ore occurrences), can be obtained by combining the results. Based on this analysis,we delineated several targets in the study area, including Au-Ag-Pb-Hg in Ailaoshaosuture, Pb-Zn-Ag in Simao block and Pb-Zn-Ag and Sn-Cu in Tengchong block,which is instructive for mineral prospecting.
The self-similar model and multifractal model are selected to analyzeore-forming elemental distributions in Beiya multi-type gold metallic deposit,Pulang porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit and Mengman hot spot gold deposit.It is revealed that the fractal parameters of elemental distributions in deposits withvarious genetic types are different. The mineralization in these deposits are mainly controlled by the fault system in contact area and the expansion and contractionstructure of magma, the alteration zone and the NW trending, respectively. Moreover,the elemental distributions in multi-type deposit are more heterogeneous than thoseon the other two deposits.
In this paper, fractal models are systematically applied in different scales,including region and single deposit. The comparative of these analyses can providemore effective information about the characteristics of elemental distribution. It ishelpful for understanding the metallogenesis and enriches the application of fractalmodel.
通过多重分形等工具，系统描述了不同汇水盆地以及地块的成矿元素的空间分布特征，阐明了不同地块的成矿特色；如，Cu分布奇异性明显地区包括义敦陆缘弧和思茅盆地，Au分布奇异性明显地区包括哀牢山结合带、金沙江结合带和腾冲地块；元素地化分析支持和丰富了三江地区地质勘探规律的认识。
系统探讨了概率分布法、含量-面积模型、分形滤波技术与奇异指数等多种异常提取技术的基本原理，并综合应用于不同地块奇异性明显元素的异常提取；由于异常提取技术基本原理的差异，异常提取范围存在明显区别；但是多种方法提取异常的进一步叠加过滤使圈定异常与已有矿点更准确对应，有利于进一步圈定靶区。基于此方法，进一步圈定了哀牢山结合带的Au-Ag-Pb-Hg元素组合、思茅地块的Pb-Zn-Ag元素组合及腾冲地块的Pb-Zn-Sb-Ag与Sn-Cu等多个找矿靶区，为找矿勘探部署提供了科学依据。
基于自相似分形与多重分形等多种方法，对比分析了北衙多类型叠加矿床、普朗斑岩型铜钼矿床以及勐满热泉型金矿的元素分布规律，结果显示不同成因类型的矿床元素分布分形指数的空间规律有显著差异，分别受控于接触带部位断裂系统与岩浆热胀冷缩构造、蚀变分带及区域NW向断裂等主控因素的影响；同时多类型叠加矿床中的元素分布比其他两类矿床具有更高的空间不均一性。
将系列分形方法应用于区域化探异常的识别与提取及典型矿床的元素富集特征的定量刻画，不同尺度的有机结合，能更有效的反映元素的空间分布特征，深化对成矿规律与成矿作用的理解，同时丰富了分形理论的应用。
Multiphase mineralization is widely developed and superimposed in the samedistrict in Sanjiang ore belt. The complexity of the geological setting and the varietyof the deposit types bring difficulty for the application of traditional methods indelineating the regional geochemical anormaly and describing the elementaldistributions in single deposit. In this paper, based on the systematic analysis ofgeological setting and the variety of mineralization, several fractal models andprobability statistics were used to analyze ore-forming elemental distribution, aimingto indicate the ore-controlling factors.
According to multifractal model and probability statistics, the elementaldistributions in different geological unit and catchment basin are depicted, and thecharacteristics of mineralization in different units are clarified. It is revealed that thesingularity of Cu is high in Yidun continental arc and Simao block; and that of Auare high in Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan suture zone and Tengchong terrene. This studysupports and enriches the understanding of geological prospecting laws.
Several methods, of which the fundamental principles are systematicallydiscussed, including probability distribution methods, concentration-area model,spectrum-area model and singularity index, are combined to extract geochemicalanomalies in different geological units and catchment basins. Due to the differencesbetween the principle of each method, most of the anomalies derived from variousmethods are different. However, the anomalies, with high coincide to the deposits(ore occurrences), can be obtained by combining the results. Based on this analysis,we delineated several targets in the study area, including Au-Ag-Pb-Hg in Ailaoshaosuture, Pb-Zn-Ag in Simao block and Pb-Zn-Ag and Sn-Cu in Tengchong block,which is instructive for mineral prospecting.
The self-similar model and multifractal model are selected to analyzeore-forming elemental distributions in Beiya multi-type gold metallic deposit,Pulang porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit and Mengman hot spot gold deposit.It is revealed that the fractal parameters of elemental distributions in deposits withvarious genetic types are different. The mineralization in these deposits are mainly controlled by the fault system in contact area and the expansion and contractionstructure of magma, the alteration zone and the NW trending, respectively. Moreover,the elemental distributions in multi-type deposit are more heterogeneous than thoseon the other two deposits.
In this paper, fractal models are systematically applied in different scales,including region and single deposit. The comparative of these analyses can providemore effective information about the characteristics of elemental distribution. It ishelpful for understanding the metallogenesis and enriches the application of fractalmodel.
引文
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