EPC模式下基于动态规划理论的项目目标综合管理研究
|
摘要
工程总承包不单是要求承包商承担项目的设计、施工和采购工作,关键是要求承包商作为总包方要建立健全、系统、完善、科学的总承包组织管理体系,特别是其目标管理必须体现工程项目全生命期的、集成化的特点,符合环境和历史的要求。而我国实行的工程总承包普遍存在理论不成熟,观念落后,形式重于实质的现象,在实施中存在许多误区,体现不出总承包的优势。因而,结合我国工程建设市场的实际情况以及我国推行工程总承包的现状,探讨EPC总承包模式的项目目标管理理论,实现工程工期、成本和质量目标的综合全局优化和协调管理,建立全新的与国际接轨的项目目标管理理念,对于从理论和实践方面提高我国建筑工程项目管理水平,增强总承包企业的市场竞争力及提高行业管理水平具有重要意义。
本文的研究目的是建立能够同时考虑多个目标因素的优化模型,并寻求一种有效的求解方法,能够满足EPC总承包模式多阶段深度交叉、多目标综合控制、动态、主动管理的特点要求。目前我国工程总承包正处于试点推广阶段,其工程目标优化问题的研究具有现实意义。
本文结合EPC总承包模式自身的特点,运用模糊优化理论与动态规划原理相结合来研究实现EPC总承包模式项目多目标的动态优化管理,就工程项目目标管理的关键要素(工期、成本、质量),建立了EPC模式下的项目目标综合全局优化模型,运用该模型对项目全过程实行“目标制定(方案选择)-偏差检查-偏差调整-绩效考核”动态循环管理,使各阶段各目标的综合效益达到最优,保证了目标变量的综合全局最优性,实现了总承包模式设计、采购、施工的深度交叉与协调,体现了全过程全方位最优控制思想,为EPC总承包模式项目目标管理系统的优化提供了一条值得探索的新途径,为我国现阶段全面推行工程总承包提供了参考。最后,通过一个具体的EPC总承包案例分析,进一步验证了本文所建模型的可行性和有效性,证明本文在模型的建立和求解算法上的研究确实可以为工程项目管理中的多目标优化问题提供一种新的切实可行的思路与方法。
The project general contract requests the contractor not only to undertake the project design, the construction and the purchase work, but also to establish a systemic, consummate, scientific general contractor organizing management system. Especially its objectives management must manifest the engineering project entire lifespan, the integration, and conform to the environment and the historical request. But it has many erroneous zones seriously during the implementation of project general contract in our country universally. Such as its theory is not mature, the idea is backward; the form overweighs the substantive, and therefore can't manifest superiority of general contract. Therefore, combining with the actual situation of project management as well as the present situation of carry out the project general contract in our country, this article study the project objectives management theory of EPC general contract pattern, and fulfill the comprehensive global optimization and the coordinated management of the construction time, cost and quality objectives, and finally establish the brand-new project objectives management idea joint with international trail. In this way, raise the architectural engineering project management level of our country from the theory and the practice aspect, and have important meaning to enhance the market competitiveness of the construction enterprises project management and to enhance the professional management level.
The purpose of this passage is to establish an optimizing mode considering more than one objective and find an effective solving method, which can fulfill the characteristic of EPC general contract pattern. It is of great pratical importance at this stage.
Unifying EPC general contract pattern's own characteristics, this paper study fulfilling the EPC general contract pattern project various goals dynamic management utilizing fuzzy optimization theory unifying with the dynamic programming optimization principle. Propose the project objectives fuzzy optimization model of EPC pattern creatively, including plan optimal model, target deviation and adjusting model as well as project objectives management achievements inspection model. Utilize this model to implement "objectives constitute (select plans) - inspect deviation - adjust deviation - inspect achievements" dynamic loop management to the project entire process. Enable the combined benefit of various goals of each stage to of the EPC general contract pattern, and provide reference for comprehensively carrying out project general contract at present stage in our country. Finally, Confirm effecency and reliability of the model further through a practical EPC general contract construction case. Demonstrate the perforcemence of the models and methods could provide a new practical approach to multi-objective problems in construction project management.
本文的研究目的是建立能够同时考虑多个目标因素的优化模型,并寻求一种有效的求解方法,能够满足EPC总承包模式多阶段深度交叉、多目标综合控制、动态、主动管理的特点要求。目前我国工程总承包正处于试点推广阶段,其工程目标优化问题的研究具有现实意义。
本文结合EPC总承包模式自身的特点,运用模糊优化理论与动态规划原理相结合来研究实现EPC总承包模式项目多目标的动态优化管理,就工程项目目标管理的关键要素(工期、成本、质量),建立了EPC模式下的项目目标综合全局优化模型,运用该模型对项目全过程实行“目标制定(方案选择)-偏差检查-偏差调整-绩效考核”动态循环管理,使各阶段各目标的综合效益达到最优,保证了目标变量的综合全局最优性,实现了总承包模式设计、采购、施工的深度交叉与协调,体现了全过程全方位最优控制思想,为EPC总承包模式项目目标管理系统的优化提供了一条值得探索的新途径,为我国现阶段全面推行工程总承包提供了参考。最后,通过一个具体的EPC总承包案例分析,进一步验证了本文所建模型的可行性和有效性,证明本文在模型的建立和求解算法上的研究确实可以为工程项目管理中的多目标优化问题提供一种新的切实可行的思路与方法。
The project general contract requests the contractor not only to undertake the project design, the construction and the purchase work, but also to establish a systemic, consummate, scientific general contractor organizing management system. Especially its objectives management must manifest the engineering project entire lifespan, the integration, and conform to the environment and the historical request. But it has many erroneous zones seriously during the implementation of project general contract in our country universally. Such as its theory is not mature, the idea is backward; the form overweighs the substantive, and therefore can't manifest superiority of general contract. Therefore, combining with the actual situation of project management as well as the present situation of carry out the project general contract in our country, this article study the project objectives management theory of EPC general contract pattern, and fulfill the comprehensive global optimization and the coordinated management of the construction time, cost and quality objectives, and finally establish the brand-new project objectives management idea joint with international trail. In this way, raise the architectural engineering project management level of our country from the theory and the practice aspect, and have important meaning to enhance the market competitiveness of the construction enterprises project management and to enhance the professional management level.
The purpose of this passage is to establish an optimizing mode considering more than one objective and find an effective solving method, which can fulfill the characteristic of EPC general contract pattern. It is of great pratical importance at this stage.
Unifying EPC general contract pattern's own characteristics, this paper study fulfilling the EPC general contract pattern project various goals dynamic management utilizing fuzzy optimization theory unifying with the dynamic programming optimization principle. Propose the project objectives fuzzy optimization model of EPC pattern creatively, including plan optimal model, target deviation and adjusting model as well as project objectives management achievements inspection model. Utilize this model to implement "objectives constitute (select plans) - inspect deviation - adjust deviation - inspect achievements" dynamic loop management to the project entire process. Enable the combined benefit of various goals of each stage to of the EPC general contract pattern, and provide reference for comprehensively carrying out project general contract at present stage in our country. Finally, Confirm effecency and reliability of the model further through a practical EPC general contract construction case. Demonstrate the perforcemence of the models and methods could provide a new practical approach to multi-objective problems in construction project management.
引文
[1]Siemens N.A Simple CPM Tune-cost Tradeoff Algorithm[J].Management Science,1971,17(6):354-363
[2]Philips Jr.,Dessouky M L Solving the Project Time/Cost Tradeoff Problem Using the Minimal Cut Cut Concept[J].Management Science,1977,24(4):393-400
[3]Robert M K,Tarek H.Prokect Performance Control in Reconstruction Project[J].Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,1999,23(2):112-135
[4]Balm J G,Nalina S.Project Management with Tune,Cost,and Quality Considerations[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1998,47(2):243-266
[5]Khang D B,Myint Y M.Tune,Cost and Quality Trade-of in Project Management:a Case Study [J].International Journal of Project Management,1999,13(9):122-134
[6]Donald E H,Mayuram S K.Effects of Process Maturity on Quality,Cycle Time,and Effort in Software Project Development[J].Management Science,1995,20(2):34-53
[7]张家明,陈家祥,网络计划资源有限的直接优化和动态综合优化[J],基建优化,1990,11(4):28-33
[8]宣以政.工程项目网络计划的综合优化及其动态优化管理[J].成都大学学报,1996,15(2):38-42
[9]郭吉林,刘伟,王永庆等.核工程质量与进度集成控制网络计划技术研究[J],核动力工程2002,23(3):83-87
[10]骆刚,刘尔烈,王健.遗传算法在网络计划资源优化中的应用[J].天津大学学报,2004,37(2):179-183
[11]徐哲,李科,刘荣.时间和费用不确定的网络计划资源均衡优化[J],系统仿真学报,2005,17(10):2500-2505
[12]褚春超,郑圣愕,李栋.网络计划资源均衡模型的改进及其应用[J].天津大学学报,2006,39(2):250-255
[13]李瑞涵.工程项目集成化管理理论与创新研究[D].天津:天津大学博士学位论文,2002
[14]李红兵.项目集成化管理理论与方法研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学博士学位论文,2004
[15]李斌,雷书华,高伟.施工项目三要素集成管理模型的构建及应用[J].技术经济与管理研究,2004,4:57-58
[16]王健,刘尔烈,骆刚.工程项目管理中工期-成本-质量综合均衡优化[J].系统工程学报,2004,19(2):148-153
[17]罗福周,李子斌,基于时间-成本的工程质量模糊均衡优化.北京:建筑经济,2007,12:8-33-8-34
[18]张清河,王全凤.安全质量费用工期在网络计划中的系统优化研究[J].数学的实践与认 识,2006,36(11):85-89
[19]王富华,徐晶,基于多属性决策的工程项目管理三要素集成优化研究.兰州理工大学硕士学位论文,2007,5
[20]王广斌.项目管理信息系统系统进度控制子系统的原理、功能、设计与应用.上海:统计大学研究生论文,1991
[21]于钦新.项目管理信息系统系统质量控制子系统的原理、功能、设计与应用.上海:统计大学研究生论文,1991
[22]乐云.项目管理信息系统系统成本控制子系统的原理、功能、设计与应用.上海:统计大学研究生论文,1991
[23]杨忠直.工程监理学引论.北京:科学出版社,2004,3:97-167
[24]中国建筑业协会,清华大学,中国建筑工程总公司.建筑工程总承包实务.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004,8:16-17
[25]徐建斌.最新《建设项目工程总承包管理规范》贯彻实施与11大项目管理新内容、新要求、新标准实务全书.北京:北京建筑工业出版社,2005,9:15-34 135-146 165-184
[26]Frederick E.Gould,Nancy E.Joyce,孟宪海译.建设工程项目管理.北京:清华大学出版社,2006,1:232-235 170-181 189-193
[27]刘光中.动态规划-理论及其应用.成都科技大学出版社,1991,12.:18-46
[28]Bell man R E and Zadeh L A.Decision making in a fuzzy environment[J].Management Science,1970,17(B):141-146
[29]Ishibuchi H,Ya ma moto N,Murata T and Tanaka H.Genetic algorithmas and neighborhood search algorithm for fuzzy flowshop scheduling problems[J].Fuzzy Sets and Systems,1994,67(1):81-100
[30]Luhandiula M K.Fuzzy optimization:an appraisal[J].Fuzzy Sets and Systems,1989,30(3):257-282
[31]Angelon P.A generalized approach tO fuzzy optimization[J].Int.J.of Intelligent Systems,1994,9(3):261-268
[32]Zadeh LA.Fuzzy sets[J].Information and Control,1965,8(3):338-353
[33]Zimmermann H J.Fuzzy Set Theory and Its Applications[M],2nded.Hinghum:Kluwer Nijhoff,1985:19-21
[34]Gold D E.Genetic Algorithms in search,optimization and machine learing.Addison-Wesley,1989:27-53
[35]Khang D B,MyintY M.Time,Cost and Quality Trade-of in Project Management:a Case Study [J].International Journal of Project Management,1999,13(9):122-134
[36]Balm J G,Nalina S.Project Management with Time,cost,and quality constructions[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1998,47(2):243-266
[37]Corbet D I.Quantifying Quality in Industrial Construction[J].Project Management,2001, 23(10):321-335
[38]Li R K/Y,Willis R J,Resource Constrained Scheduling within Fixed Project-duration[J].The Journal of the Operational Research Society,1993,44(1):71-80
[39]Lai Y J and Hwang C L.Fuzzy Mathmatical Programming[M].Berlin:Springer Verlag,1992:39-41
[40]刘洪海.建设项目目标控制系统集成管理研究.武汉理工大学硕士论文.2006,5:36-56
[41]余晓忠.工程项目T、Q、C决策优化方法研究[J].北京:价值工程,2004(3):115-117
[42]张继.多目标土地可持续利用动态规划方法研究.西南交通大学研究生学位论文.2005:38-43 49-50
[43]张琳.资源分配的多目标模糊优选动态规划分析法.北京:运筹与管理,2000,(4):22-28
[44]王秋生.模糊综合评价法在建筑施工进度计划管理中的应用研究[J].山西:山西农业大学学报,2002,3(5):265-268
[45]Ulusoy G,Ozdamer L.Heuristic Performance and Net-work/Resource Characteristic in Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling[J].The Journal of the Operational Research Society,1989,40(2):1145-1152
[46]Davis E W,Heidorn G E.An Algorithm for Optimal Project Scheduling under Multiple Resource Constraints[J].Management Science,1971,17(12):803-816
[47]Sui Pheng Low,Willie Tan.Public policies for managing construction quality,the grand strategy of Singapore.Construction Management and Economics,1996,14(4):23-24
[48]M R Hamition,G E Gibson Jr.Benchmarking preproject planning effort.Journal of Management in Engineering,1996,12(2):16-19
[49]A.Jaafari,Concurrent construction and life-cycle project management,Journal of construction engineering and management,1997,123(4):427-436
[50]薛能资.项目实施阶段造价的动态控制与管理.北京:建筑经济,2007,12:5-13-5-15
[51]尹贻林.建设工程项目价值管理.天津:天津人民出版社,2006,2:115-125 162-184
[52]Wim Bakens,International trends in building and construction research,Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,1997,123(2):102-104
[53]Caldas C.H.,Soibelman L.,Automating hierarchical document classification for construction management information systems,Automation in Construction,2003,12(4):395-406
[2]Philips Jr.,Dessouky M L Solving the Project Time/Cost Tradeoff Problem Using the Minimal Cut Cut Concept[J].Management Science,1977,24(4):393-400
[3]Robert M K,Tarek H.Prokect Performance Control in Reconstruction Project[J].Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,1999,23(2):112-135
[4]Balm J G,Nalina S.Project Management with Tune,Cost,and Quality Considerations[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1998,47(2):243-266
[5]Khang D B,Myint Y M.Tune,Cost and Quality Trade-of in Project Management:a Case Study [J].International Journal of Project Management,1999,13(9):122-134
[6]Donald E H,Mayuram S K.Effects of Process Maturity on Quality,Cycle Time,and Effort in Software Project Development[J].Management Science,1995,20(2):34-53
[7]张家明,陈家祥,网络计划资源有限的直接优化和动态综合优化[J],基建优化,1990,11(4):28-33
[8]宣以政.工程项目网络计划的综合优化及其动态优化管理[J].成都大学学报,1996,15(2):38-42
[9]郭吉林,刘伟,王永庆等.核工程质量与进度集成控制网络计划技术研究[J],核动力工程2002,23(3):83-87
[10]骆刚,刘尔烈,王健.遗传算法在网络计划资源优化中的应用[J].天津大学学报,2004,37(2):179-183
[11]徐哲,李科,刘荣.时间和费用不确定的网络计划资源均衡优化[J],系统仿真学报,2005,17(10):2500-2505
[12]褚春超,郑圣愕,李栋.网络计划资源均衡模型的改进及其应用[J].天津大学学报,2006,39(2):250-255
[13]李瑞涵.工程项目集成化管理理论与创新研究[D].天津:天津大学博士学位论文,2002
[14]李红兵.项目集成化管理理论与方法研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学博士学位论文,2004
[15]李斌,雷书华,高伟.施工项目三要素集成管理模型的构建及应用[J].技术经济与管理研究,2004,4:57-58
[16]王健,刘尔烈,骆刚.工程项目管理中工期-成本-质量综合均衡优化[J].系统工程学报,2004,19(2):148-153
[17]罗福周,李子斌,基于时间-成本的工程质量模糊均衡优化.北京:建筑经济,2007,12:8-33-8-34
[18]张清河,王全凤.安全质量费用工期在网络计划中的系统优化研究[J].数学的实践与认 识,2006,36(11):85-89
[19]王富华,徐晶,基于多属性决策的工程项目管理三要素集成优化研究.兰州理工大学硕士学位论文,2007,5
[20]王广斌.项目管理信息系统系统进度控制子系统的原理、功能、设计与应用.上海:统计大学研究生论文,1991
[21]于钦新.项目管理信息系统系统质量控制子系统的原理、功能、设计与应用.上海:统计大学研究生论文,1991
[22]乐云.项目管理信息系统系统成本控制子系统的原理、功能、设计与应用.上海:统计大学研究生论文,1991
[23]杨忠直.工程监理学引论.北京:科学出版社,2004,3:97-167
[24]中国建筑业协会,清华大学,中国建筑工程总公司.建筑工程总承包实务.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004,8:16-17
[25]徐建斌.最新《建设项目工程总承包管理规范》贯彻实施与11大项目管理新内容、新要求、新标准实务全书.北京:北京建筑工业出版社,2005,9:15-34 135-146 165-184
[26]Frederick E.Gould,Nancy E.Joyce,孟宪海译.建设工程项目管理.北京:清华大学出版社,2006,1:232-235 170-181 189-193
[27]刘光中.动态规划-理论及其应用.成都科技大学出版社,1991,12.:18-46
[28]Bell man R E and Zadeh L A.Decision making in a fuzzy environment[J].Management Science,1970,17(B):141-146
[29]Ishibuchi H,Ya ma moto N,Murata T and Tanaka H.Genetic algorithmas and neighborhood search algorithm for fuzzy flowshop scheduling problems[J].Fuzzy Sets and Systems,1994,67(1):81-100
[30]Luhandiula M K.Fuzzy optimization:an appraisal[J].Fuzzy Sets and Systems,1989,30(3):257-282
[31]Angelon P.A generalized approach tO fuzzy optimization[J].Int.J.of Intelligent Systems,1994,9(3):261-268
[32]Zadeh LA.Fuzzy sets[J].Information and Control,1965,8(3):338-353
[33]Zimmermann H J.Fuzzy Set Theory and Its Applications[M],2nded.Hinghum:Kluwer Nijhoff,1985:19-21
[34]Gold D E.Genetic Algorithms in search,optimization and machine learing.Addison-Wesley,1989:27-53
[35]Khang D B,MyintY M.Time,Cost and Quality Trade-of in Project Management:a Case Study [J].International Journal of Project Management,1999,13(9):122-134
[36]Balm J G,Nalina S.Project Management with Time,cost,and quality constructions[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1998,47(2):243-266
[37]Corbet D I.Quantifying Quality in Industrial Construction[J].Project Management,2001, 23(10):321-335
[38]Li R K/Y,Willis R J,Resource Constrained Scheduling within Fixed Project-duration[J].The Journal of the Operational Research Society,1993,44(1):71-80
[39]Lai Y J and Hwang C L.Fuzzy Mathmatical Programming[M].Berlin:Springer Verlag,1992:39-41
[40]刘洪海.建设项目目标控制系统集成管理研究.武汉理工大学硕士论文.2006,5:36-56
[41]余晓忠.工程项目T、Q、C决策优化方法研究[J].北京:价值工程,2004(3):115-117
[42]张继.多目标土地可持续利用动态规划方法研究.西南交通大学研究生学位论文.2005:38-43 49-50
[43]张琳.资源分配的多目标模糊优选动态规划分析法.北京:运筹与管理,2000,(4):22-28
[44]王秋生.模糊综合评价法在建筑施工进度计划管理中的应用研究[J].山西:山西农业大学学报,2002,3(5):265-268
[45]Ulusoy G,Ozdamer L.Heuristic Performance and Net-work/Resource Characteristic in Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling[J].The Journal of the Operational Research Society,1989,40(2):1145-1152
[46]Davis E W,Heidorn G E.An Algorithm for Optimal Project Scheduling under Multiple Resource Constraints[J].Management Science,1971,17(12):803-816
[47]Sui Pheng Low,Willie Tan.Public policies for managing construction quality,the grand strategy of Singapore.Construction Management and Economics,1996,14(4):23-24
[48]M R Hamition,G E Gibson Jr.Benchmarking preproject planning effort.Journal of Management in Engineering,1996,12(2):16-19
[49]A.Jaafari,Concurrent construction and life-cycle project management,Journal of construction engineering and management,1997,123(4):427-436
[50]薛能资.项目实施阶段造价的动态控制与管理.北京:建筑经济,2007,12:5-13-5-15
[51]尹贻林.建设工程项目价值管理.天津:天津人民出版社,2006,2:115-125 162-184
[52]Wim Bakens,International trends in building and construction research,Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,1997,123(2):102-104
[53]Caldas C.H.,Soibelman L.,Automating hierarchical document classification for construction management information systems,Automation in Construction,2003,12(4):395-406