一种同步降压式DC/DC开关电源管理IC的设计
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摘要
随着开关电源技术的迅速发展，DC／DC开关电源IC已在通信、计算机以及消费类电子产品等领域得到了广泛应用。近年来，电池供电便携式设备的需求越来越大，对DC／DC开关电源IC的需求也日益增大，同时对其性能要求也是越来越高。为适应便携式电子产品的应用要求，本文基于0.6μm BiCMOS工艺，利用EDA Pspice集成电路设计工具设计了一款同步降压型DC／DC开关电源管理的IC。
本文设计的这款IC具有使能控制功能，基本工作方式为PWM调制方式，在实现较高开关频率的同时，也保证了电路在重载或轻载下都有着较高的转换效率；为了消除浪涌电流的影响和降低对输入电容的要求，电路也具有软启动控制功能；同时通过限流保护电路，避免了过流情况的发生；另外，该集成电路也有过热保护功能和欠压锁定功能，当电路发生过热或者欠压等意外故障情况时，整个电路自动关断，直到故障消除为止。通过Hspice仿真工具对各个模块电路以及整体电路都进行了仿真验证，结果表明该集成电路工作稳定，各项指标都达到了设计要求。具有高达2.4MHz的PWM开关频率，2.7V-5.5V电源电压输入范围，输出电压在0.6V-2.5V之间可调，转换效率最高达到81.5％。
由上可见，该DC／DC电源管理IC采用同步整流技术提高了效率，并省去了常规降压型DC／DC转换器中所需的外部肖特基二极管。可以优先用于考虑小尺寸和高效率的应用，允许用户牺牲部分效率来换取更小的外部元件。
本文最后对整体电路的版图进行了布局，并利用Cadence下版图设计工具Virtuoso和验证工具Dracula对部分模块电路进行了版图设计和验证。通过对版图的布局以及对电路功能等方面进行考虑，该集成电路可满足小封装要求，可应用在手机、PDA以及MP3播放器等便携式电子产品中。
With the rapid development of the switching power supply technology, the DC/DC switching power supply IC has already obtained the widespread application in domains such as communication, computer, and consumptive electronics. In recent years, the demand of portable equipment with battery power supply expands more and more quickly, so does the the DC/DC switching power supply IC. What is more, it requires its performance to become better and better. In order to adapt to the application requirement of portable electronic products, based on the 0.6μm BiCMOS process, the paper designs a synchronous step-down DC/DC switching power supply management IC by using the EDA tools Pspice.
The IC this paper designs has enabling control function, working with PWM modulation. While achieving a higher switching frequency, it can also ensure higher conversion efficiency either the circuit has heavy or light load. In order to eliminate the impact of the inrush current and lower the input capacitance value, the circuit has soft-start control function. Over current situation is avoided by current-limiting protection circuits, also, this IC has over temperature protection and undervoltage lockout function. That means when the circuit suddenly has faults such as over temperature or undervoltage, the whole circuit will shutdown automatically until the faults are eliminated. By using the tools of Hspice, every sub-circuit and the whole circuit are simulated, and the results show that this IC works stably and every indicator achieves the design requirement. The PWM switching frequency reaches 2.439MHz. The input voltage range is 2.7V-5.5V, and the output voltage can be changed from 0.6V to 2.5V. The conversion efficiency reaches 81.5%.
From above on, this DC/DC switching power supply management IC uses synchronous rectification technology, which improves efficiency and omits the external schottky diodes used in conventional step-down switching power supply management IC. It can be used in applications priority to consider both of small size and high efficiency, because it allows users to sacrifice part of efficiency in exchange for smaller external components.
At the end, this paper positions the whole circuit layout. Then it designs the layout for some module circuit and checks it by using Cadence Virtuoso and Cadence Dracula. Considering the layout and the function of the whole circuit, this IC meets the requirement of small package, and it can be applicated in mobile phones, PDAs, MP3 players and other portable electronic products.
本文设计的这款IC具有使能控制功能，基本工作方式为PWM调制方式，在实现较高开关频率的同时，也保证了电路在重载或轻载下都有着较高的转换效率；为了消除浪涌电流的影响和降低对输入电容的要求，电路也具有软启动控制功能；同时通过限流保护电路，避免了过流情况的发生；另外，该集成电路也有过热保护功能和欠压锁定功能，当电路发生过热或者欠压等意外故障情况时，整个电路自动关断，直到故障消除为止。通过Hspice仿真工具对各个模块电路以及整体电路都进行了仿真验证，结果表明该集成电路工作稳定，各项指标都达到了设计要求。具有高达2.4MHz的PWM开关频率，2.7V-5.5V电源电压输入范围，输出电压在0.6V-2.5V之间可调，转换效率最高达到81.5％。
由上可见，该DC／DC电源管理IC采用同步整流技术提高了效率，并省去了常规降压型DC／DC转换器中所需的外部肖特基二极管。可以优先用于考虑小尺寸和高效率的应用，允许用户牺牲部分效率来换取更小的外部元件。
本文最后对整体电路的版图进行了布局，并利用Cadence下版图设计工具Virtuoso和验证工具Dracula对部分模块电路进行了版图设计和验证。通过对版图的布局以及对电路功能等方面进行考虑，该集成电路可满足小封装要求，可应用在手机、PDA以及MP3播放器等便携式电子产品中。
With the rapid development of the switching power supply technology, the DC/DC switching power supply IC has already obtained the widespread application in domains such as communication, computer, and consumptive electronics. In recent years, the demand of portable equipment with battery power supply expands more and more quickly, so does the the DC/DC switching power supply IC. What is more, it requires its performance to become better and better. In order to adapt to the application requirement of portable electronic products, based on the 0.6μm BiCMOS process, the paper designs a synchronous step-down DC/DC switching power supply management IC by using the EDA tools Pspice.
The IC this paper designs has enabling control function, working with PWM modulation. While achieving a higher switching frequency, it can also ensure higher conversion efficiency either the circuit has heavy or light load. In order to eliminate the impact of the inrush current and lower the input capacitance value, the circuit has soft-start control function. Over current situation is avoided by current-limiting protection circuits, also, this IC has over temperature protection and undervoltage lockout function. That means when the circuit suddenly has faults such as over temperature or undervoltage, the whole circuit will shutdown automatically until the faults are eliminated. By using the tools of Hspice, every sub-circuit and the whole circuit are simulated, and the results show that this IC works stably and every indicator achieves the design requirement. The PWM switching frequency reaches 2.439MHz. The input voltage range is 2.7V-5.5V, and the output voltage can be changed from 0.6V to 2.5V. The conversion efficiency reaches 81.5%.
From above on, this DC/DC switching power supply management IC uses synchronous rectification technology, which improves efficiency and omits the external schottky diodes used in conventional step-down switching power supply management IC. It can be used in applications priority to consider both of small size and high efficiency, because it allows users to sacrifice part of efficiency in exchange for smaller external components.
At the end, this paper positions the whole circuit layout. Then it designs the layout for some module circuit and checks it by using Cadence Virtuoso and Cadence Dracula. Considering the layout and the function of the whole circuit, this IC meets the requirement of small package, and it can be applicated in mobile phones, PDAs, MP3 players and other portable electronic products.
引文
[1] B.J. Baliga.Power ICs in the Saddle.IEEE Spectrum.1995, 32 (7): p34-49.
[2] Keith H Billings, C Eng. Handbook of Switch mode Power Supplies [Z]. New York: Mc Graw Hill Publishing Com.
[3] Claudio Y. Inaba. Soft Switching PWM DC/DC Flyback Converter with Transformer-Assisted Pulse Current Regenerative Passive Resonant Snubbers. The Fifth International Conference, 2003: p882-887.
[4] Volkan Kursun, Siva G. Narendra, Vivek K. De, Eby G. Friedman. Low-Voltage-Swing Monolithic dc-dc Conversion. IEEE Transactions On Circuits And Systems-Ⅱ: Express Briefs. 2004, 51 (5): p241-248
[5] Anthony John Stratakos. High-Efficiency Low-Voltage DC-DC Conversion for Portable Applications. (PHD Dissertation) University of California,Berkeley.
[6] 岳云．开关电源技术最新发展动向．ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS CHINA．2004．
[7] 张小林．我国开关电源发展的思考．微电子学．2004年．
[8] 邹雪城．开关电源芯片中过温保护技术的研究与实现．微电子学与计算机．2006年，23(7)：p193-195．
[9] 陈伟凡，黄锦福．高频开关电源的原理及关键技术．电信技术．1997年，第9期．
[10] 宋小刚．开关电源干扰及抑制方法．
[11] 模拟IC迎来跳跃式增长．中国半导体行业网．2006年．
[12] R. Jocob Baker. Harry W. Li. David E. Boyce. CMOS电路设计、布局与仿真(英文版)．北京：机械工业出版社，2003．
[13] Sung-Mo Kang, Yusuf Leblebici. CMOS数字集成电路—分析与设计(第三版)．北京：清华大学出版社，2004．
[14] 毕查德·拉扎维(美)．模拟CMOS集成电路设计．西安：西安交通大学出版社，2002．
[15] Philip E. Allen. Douglas R. Holberg. CMOS模拟电路设计(第二版)．北京：电子工业出版社，2005．
[16] 康华光，陈大钦．电子技术基础模拟部分(第四版)．北京：高等教育出版社，1999．
[17] Alan Hastings．模拟电路版图的艺术(第二版)．北京：电子工业出版社，2007．
[18] 1.5Mhz, 600mA Synchronous Step-Down Converter. APS1006.
[19] 王水平．DC／DC变换器集成电路及应用．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2006．
[20] 沙占友等．新型单片开关电源设计与应用技术．北京：电子工业出版社，2004．
[21] 沙占友，王彦朋，孟志永等．单片开关电源最新应用技术．北京：机械工业出版社，2001．
[22] 杨旭，裴云庆．开关电源技术．北京：机械工业出版社，2003．
[23] 闫飞．单片开关电源的集成电路设计．成都：电子科技大学出版社，2003．
[24] Volkan Kursun. Low-Voltage-Swing Monolithic dc-dc Conversion. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS—Ⅱ: EXPRESS BRIEFS. 2004, 51(5): p241-248.
[25] Y. Panov and M. M. Jovanovic. Design and performance evaluation of low-voltage/high-current dc/dc on-board modules. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2001,16:p26-33.
[26] V. Kursun, S. G. Narendra, V. K. De, and E.G. Friedman. High input voltage step-down dc-dc converters for integration in a low-voltage CMOS process. Proc. IEEE/ACM Int. Symp. Quality Electronic Design. 2004:p517-521.
[27] Kaiwei Yao, Mao Ye, Ming Xu, Fred C. Lee. Tapped-Inductor Buck Converter for High-Step-Down DC-DC Conversion. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS. 2005, 20 (4) :p775-780.
[28] Furukawa, I., Sugimoto, Y. A synchronous, step-down from 3.6V to 1.0V, 1MHz PWM CMOS DC/DC converter. Solid-State Circuits Conference, ESSCIRC 2001. Proceedings of the 27th European 18-20, 2001: p69-72.
[29] Yeong-Tsair Lin, Wen-Yaw Chung; Dong-Shiu Wu, Hung-Chan Wang, Hung-Yih Lin, Jiann-Jong Chen. A Monolithic CMOS Step-Down DC-DC Converter. Circuits and Systems. 48th Midwest Symposium on 7-10. 2005, 1: p448-451.
[30] Shao Bin, Yang Yujia, Wang Ying, Hong Zhiliang. High Efficiency, Inductorless Step-Down DC/DC Converter. ASIC, 2005. ASICON 2005.6th International Conference On Volume 1,24-27, 2005:p395-398.
[31] 黄俊维．一种同步降压型DC-DC开关电源IC的设计：(硕士学位论文)成都：电子科技大学，2006年．
[32] 朱春华．Buck变换器及其电源管理芯片的设计：(硕士学位论文)．吉林：吉林大学，2006年．
[33] 郭越勇．基于CMOS工艺的PWM直流一直流降压型开关电源的设计：(硕士学位论文)．西安：西安电子科技大学，2007年．
[34] 邹一照．一种基于同步整流技术的降压DC-DC转换器设计：(硕士学位论文)．南京：东南大学，2006年．
[2] Keith H Billings, C Eng. Handbook of Switch mode Power Supplies [Z]. New York: Mc Graw Hill Publishing Com.
[3] Claudio Y. Inaba. Soft Switching PWM DC/DC Flyback Converter with Transformer-Assisted Pulse Current Regenerative Passive Resonant Snubbers. The Fifth International Conference, 2003: p882-887.
[4] Volkan Kursun, Siva G. Narendra, Vivek K. De, Eby G. Friedman. Low-Voltage-Swing Monolithic dc-dc Conversion. IEEE Transactions On Circuits And Systems-Ⅱ: Express Briefs. 2004, 51 (5): p241-248
[5] Anthony John Stratakos. High-Efficiency Low-Voltage DC-DC Conversion for Portable Applications. (PHD Dissertation) University of California,Berkeley.
[6] 岳云．开关电源技术最新发展动向．ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS CHINA．2004．
[7] 张小林．我国开关电源发展的思考．微电子学．2004年．
[8] 邹雪城．开关电源芯片中过温保护技术的研究与实现．微电子学与计算机．2006年，23(7)：p193-195．
[9] 陈伟凡，黄锦福．高频开关电源的原理及关键技术．电信技术．1997年，第9期．
[10] 宋小刚．开关电源干扰及抑制方法．
[11] 模拟IC迎来跳跃式增长．中国半导体行业网．2006年．
[12] R. Jocob Baker. Harry W. Li. David E. Boyce. CMOS电路设计、布局与仿真(英文版)．北京：机械工业出版社，2003．
[13] Sung-Mo Kang, Yusuf Leblebici. CMOS数字集成电路—分析与设计(第三版)．北京：清华大学出版社，2004．
[14] 毕查德·拉扎维(美)．模拟CMOS集成电路设计．西安：西安交通大学出版社，2002．
[15] Philip E. Allen. Douglas R. Holberg. CMOS模拟电路设计(第二版)．北京：电子工业出版社，2005．
[16] 康华光，陈大钦．电子技术基础模拟部分(第四版)．北京：高等教育出版社，1999．
[17] Alan Hastings．模拟电路版图的艺术(第二版)．北京：电子工业出版社，2007．
[18] 1.5Mhz, 600mA Synchronous Step-Down Converter. APS1006.
[19] 王水平．DC／DC变换器集成电路及应用．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2006．
[20] 沙占友等．新型单片开关电源设计与应用技术．北京：电子工业出版社，2004．
[21] 沙占友，王彦朋，孟志永等．单片开关电源最新应用技术．北京：机械工业出版社，2001．
[22] 杨旭，裴云庆．开关电源技术．北京：机械工业出版社，2003．
[23] 闫飞．单片开关电源的集成电路设计．成都：电子科技大学出版社，2003．
[24] Volkan Kursun. Low-Voltage-Swing Monolithic dc-dc Conversion. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS—Ⅱ: EXPRESS BRIEFS. 2004, 51(5): p241-248.
[25] Y. Panov and M. M. Jovanovic. Design and performance evaluation of low-voltage/high-current dc/dc on-board modules. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2001,16:p26-33.
[26] V. Kursun, S. G. Narendra, V. K. De, and E.G. Friedman. High input voltage step-down dc-dc converters for integration in a low-voltage CMOS process. Proc. IEEE/ACM Int. Symp. Quality Electronic Design. 2004:p517-521.
[27] Kaiwei Yao, Mao Ye, Ming Xu, Fred C. Lee. Tapped-Inductor Buck Converter for High-Step-Down DC-DC Conversion. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS. 2005, 20 (4) :p775-780.
[28] Furukawa, I., Sugimoto, Y. A synchronous, step-down from 3.6V to 1.0V, 1MHz PWM CMOS DC/DC converter. Solid-State Circuits Conference, ESSCIRC 2001. Proceedings of the 27th European 18-20, 2001: p69-72.
[29] Yeong-Tsair Lin, Wen-Yaw Chung; Dong-Shiu Wu, Hung-Chan Wang, Hung-Yih Lin, Jiann-Jong Chen. A Monolithic CMOS Step-Down DC-DC Converter. Circuits and Systems. 48th Midwest Symposium on 7-10. 2005, 1: p448-451.
[30] Shao Bin, Yang Yujia, Wang Ying, Hong Zhiliang. High Efficiency, Inductorless Step-Down DC/DC Converter. ASIC, 2005. ASICON 2005.6th International Conference On Volume 1,24-27, 2005:p395-398.
[31] 黄俊维．一种同步降压型DC-DC开关电源IC的设计：(硕士学位论文)成都：电子科技大学，2006年．
[32] 朱春华．Buck变换器及其电源管理芯片的设计：(硕士学位论文)．吉林：吉林大学，2006年．
[33] 郭越勇．基于CMOS工艺的PWM直流一直流降压型开关电源的设计：(硕士学位论文)．西安：西安电子科技大学，2007年．
[34] 邹一照．一种基于同步整流技术的降压DC-DC转换器设计：(硕士学位论文)．南京：东南大学，2006年．