集装箱港口生产作业系统仿真与规划方法研究
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摘要
集装箱运输作为件杂货的一种先进运输方式，已经成为当今世界国与国、地区与地区之间物资贸易与运输的主流。我国的集装箱运输起步于20世纪50年代的铁路运输，随着我国经济体制改革和对外开放政策的实施，我国与世界各国贸易迅速发展，港口集装箱吞吐量保持了高速度的增长，特别是在我国加入WTO组织后，为我国集装箱运输的发展提供了巨大空间和挑战。
近年来，随着我国集装箱港口运输业的进一步发展，对某些老的集装箱港口进行改造势在必行，而同时还有一部分的散货码头需要改建成集装箱码头，此外，在一些地区还需要新建立集装箱码头，由于集装箱港口系统的复杂性，使得常规的传统方法在港口规划设计方面难以达到要求，而计算机模拟技术的优点，使得该技术在集装箱港口的规划设计上得到了广泛的应用。
本论文首先分析了集装箱港口生产作业系统的构成和特点，详细的讨论了集装箱港口的设施、进出口业务流程，以及集装箱港口装卸工艺模式的发展，模拟仿真系统的开发，正是在简化了部分内容的情况下对该系统的实现。
其次，本论文重点讨论了集装箱港口生产作业系统的建模理论——排队网络理论，并分析了排队网络理论在集装箱港口排队系统中的应用，在此基础上讨论了集装箱港口排队系统研究的主要内容。然后作者将排队网络理论和集装箱港口排队系统结合起来，讨论了集装箱港口排队系统的稳态指标。论文还运用循环排队网络理论，完成了对集装箱港口生产作业系统的建模，利用该模型对码头的使用过程进行模拟，可以分析码头在一定的吞吐量的情况下，码头的建设规模的确定；对船舶装卸过程的模拟可以帮助确定港口设备的配备和调度。
第三，利用witness仿真软件，对集装箱港口的整个生产作业系统进行数字仿真并实现了二维的计算机动画模拟，可以模拟集装箱船舶的到港、靠泊、装、卸箱、堆场集卡的装卸作业以及船舶离港等方面的动态过程。
最后，通过对集装箱港口生产作业系统模拟指标的提取和分析，完成了在一定吞吐量的情况下港口合理泊位数量的确定和港口机械设备配备的研究，以及在不同的船舶到港模式下集装箱岸边起重机的调度策略研究。
As a new transport mode for grocery and bulk cargos, container transport has been the main mode to transport materials between nation and nation, area and area. The container transport in our country appears from the railage in the fifties of 20 century. With the actualization of economy system innovation and the opening to the world policy, the trade between our country and other nations grows quickly, and the container throughput keep a high velocity increase. Especially after we have joined the WTO, the container transport in our country faces tremendous develops space and challenge.
In recent years, with the farther development of the container transport in our country's seaport container terminals, it is inevitable to rebuild the old seaport container terminals and sometimes we should change some bulk terminals into container terminals, and at the same time in some areas should build new seaport container terminals. For the complexities of container terminals system, it is very difficult for us to use the traditional method in design and layout the seaport container terminals. The computer simulations' merit makes it apply comprehensive in container terminals' design and layout.
Firstly, the thesis analyses the constitute and characteristic of container terminals' production system and discuss the establishment and the imports and exports operation flow of the container terminals in details. The thesis also discusses the development of handling technology mode for container terminals. The development of computer simulation system realizes container terminals' production system through simplify some content of it.
Secondly, the thesis discusses the modeling theory of container terminals
production system-queue network theory and analyses the application of this
theory in container terminals queue system. Based on this, the thesis discusses the main research work of the container terminals queue system. Then the author combines the queue network theory with container terminals queue systems, and discuss the steady state indications of the container terminals queue systems. According to the recurring networking theory, the thesis realizes to develop the
system model of container terminals' production .Use the model to simulate the terminals operation can help to determine the rational terminal scale when the terminals' throughput is certain, to simulate ships handling process can help us to determine how to allocate and manage working machines of the container terminals.
Thirdly, utilize witness software, the author accomplish numeric simulation of the whole container terminals production system and can realize planar computer dynamic simulation which can simulate the dynamic process of ships arrival /depart, load/unload container, truck convey and load/unload in container yard.
At last, according to analyses the pick-up modeling indication in container terminals' production system, the thesis accomplish the research of how to determine the reasonable berth quantity of container terminals in a certain throughput. The thesis also realizes the study of how to arrange the attempter tactic in
different ships interval and how to equip the handling machines in container terminals when the throughput is certain.
近年来，随着我国集装箱港口运输业的进一步发展，对某些老的集装箱港口进行改造势在必行，而同时还有一部分的散货码头需要改建成集装箱码头，此外，在一些地区还需要新建立集装箱码头，由于集装箱港口系统的复杂性，使得常规的传统方法在港口规划设计方面难以达到要求，而计算机模拟技术的优点，使得该技术在集装箱港口的规划设计上得到了广泛的应用。
本论文首先分析了集装箱港口生产作业系统的构成和特点，详细的讨论了集装箱港口的设施、进出口业务流程，以及集装箱港口装卸工艺模式的发展，模拟仿真系统的开发，正是在简化了部分内容的情况下对该系统的实现。
其次，本论文重点讨论了集装箱港口生产作业系统的建模理论——排队网络理论，并分析了排队网络理论在集装箱港口排队系统中的应用，在此基础上讨论了集装箱港口排队系统研究的主要内容。然后作者将排队网络理论和集装箱港口排队系统结合起来，讨论了集装箱港口排队系统的稳态指标。论文还运用循环排队网络理论，完成了对集装箱港口生产作业系统的建模，利用该模型对码头的使用过程进行模拟，可以分析码头在一定的吞吐量的情况下，码头的建设规模的确定；对船舶装卸过程的模拟可以帮助确定港口设备的配备和调度。
第三，利用witness仿真软件，对集装箱港口的整个生产作业系统进行数字仿真并实现了二维的计算机动画模拟，可以模拟集装箱船舶的到港、靠泊、装、卸箱、堆场集卡的装卸作业以及船舶离港等方面的动态过程。
最后，通过对集装箱港口生产作业系统模拟指标的提取和分析，完成了在一定吞吐量的情况下港口合理泊位数量的确定和港口机械设备配备的研究，以及在不同的船舶到港模式下集装箱岸边起重机的调度策略研究。
As a new transport mode for grocery and bulk cargos, container transport has been the main mode to transport materials between nation and nation, area and area. The container transport in our country appears from the railage in the fifties of 20 century. With the actualization of economy system innovation and the opening to the world policy, the trade between our country and other nations grows quickly, and the container throughput keep a high velocity increase. Especially after we have joined the WTO, the container transport in our country faces tremendous develops space and challenge.
In recent years, with the farther development of the container transport in our country's seaport container terminals, it is inevitable to rebuild the old seaport container terminals and sometimes we should change some bulk terminals into container terminals, and at the same time in some areas should build new seaport container terminals. For the complexities of container terminals system, it is very difficult for us to use the traditional method in design and layout the seaport container terminals. The computer simulations' merit makes it apply comprehensive in container terminals' design and layout.
Firstly, the thesis analyses the constitute and characteristic of container terminals' production system and discuss the establishment and the imports and exports operation flow of the container terminals in details. The thesis also discusses the development of handling technology mode for container terminals. The development of computer simulation system realizes container terminals' production system through simplify some content of it.
Secondly, the thesis discusses the modeling theory of container terminals
production system-queue network theory and analyses the application of this
theory in container terminals queue system. Based on this, the thesis discusses the main research work of the container terminals queue system. Then the author combines the queue network theory with container terminals queue systems, and discuss the steady state indications of the container terminals queue systems. According to the recurring networking theory, the thesis realizes to develop the
system model of container terminals' production .Use the model to simulate the terminals operation can help to determine the rational terminal scale when the terminals' throughput is certain, to simulate ships handling process can help us to determine how to allocate and manage working machines of the container terminals.
Thirdly, utilize witness software, the author accomplish numeric simulation of the whole container terminals production system and can realize planar computer dynamic simulation which can simulate the dynamic process of ships arrival /depart, load/unload container, truck convey and load/unload in container yard.
At last, according to analyses the pick-up modeling indication in container terminals' production system, the thesis accomplish the research of how to determine the reasonable berth quantity of container terminals in a certain throughput. The thesis also realizes the study of how to arrange the attempter tactic in
different ships interval and how to equip the handling machines in container terminals when the throughput is certain.
引文
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[02]．真虹编著．港口生产调度过程优化．上海：上海科学技术文献出版社．1999
[03]．彭传圣．国外港口计算机模拟技术的发展．港口装卸，1998 (1)：7～9
[04]．彭传圣．散货码头计算机动画模拟研究，港口装卸，2001 (1)：1～6
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[06]．顾启泰编著．离散事件系统建模与仿真．北京：清华大学出版社．1999
[07]．翁克勤．集装箱运输的发展及其对策．水运工程，2000 (8)：66～68
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[09]. Daganzo, C.F. .The crane scheduling problem. Transportation Research ,1988. 23(3), 159～175.
[10]. Legato, P., Mazza, R.M. Berth planning and resources optimisation at a container terminal via discrete event simulation. European Journal of Operational Research ,2001:537～547
[11]. Imai, A., Nagaiwa, K., Tat, C.W.. Efficient planning of berth allocation for container terminals in Asia. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 1997.31(1):75～94.
[12]. Peterkofsky, R.I., Daganzo, C.F.. Abranch and bound solution method for the crane scheduling problem. Transportation Research,1990.24(3):159～172.
[13]. Kim, K.H., Bae, J.W.. A dispatching method for automated guided vehicles to minimize delays of containership operations. International Journal of Management Science , 20015(1):1～25.
[14]. D. Hking. B.A. Radomske. Recent Advance in Simulation for Bulk Terminal Design. Bulk Solids Handling, 1993.13(1):7～9
[15]. M. Jwillekes, S. Edema. Selecting Ship Unloaders for Indian Ports. Bulk Solids Handling, 1995.13(4):1～4
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[20] . Nishimura, E., Imai, A., Papadimitriou, S. . Berth allocation planning in the public berth system by genetic algorithms. European Journal of Operational Research, 2001:282-292
[21] . Avriel, M., Penn, M., Shpirer, N., Witteboon, S.. Stowage planning for container ships to reduce the number of shifts. Annals of Operations Research, 1998: 55-71
[22] . Shields, J. J. . Container stowage: a computer-aided preplanning system. Marine Technology, 1984． 21(4) :370-383．
[23] . Bish, E. K., Leong, T. Y., Li, C. L., Ng, J. W. C., Simchi-Levi, D. . Analysis of a new vehicle scheduling and location problem. Naval Research Logistics, 2001:363-385．
[24] . Vis, I. F. A., De Koster, R., Savelsbergh, M. W. P. . Estimation of the number of transport vehicles at a container terminal. Progress in Material Handling Research, 2001:404-420．
[25] . Evers, J. J. M., Koppers, S. A. J. . Automated guided vehicle traffic control at a container terminal. Transportation Research A , 1996． 30(1) , 21-34．
[26] . Kim, K. Y., Kim, K. H. . A routing algorithm for a single transfer crane to load export containers onto a containership. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 1997． 33(3) : 673-676
[27] . Kim, K. H., Park, Y. M., Ryu, K. R. . Deriving decision rules to locate export containers in container yards. European Journal of Operational Research ,2000:89-101
[28] . Gambardella, L. M., Rizzoli, A. E., Zaffalon, M. . Simulation and planning of an intermodal container terminal. Simulation , 1998． 71(2) :107-116
[29]. Ramani, K.V.. An interactive simulation model for the logistics planning of container operations in seaports. Simulation 66(5), 291～300
[30]. Van Hee, K.M., Huitink, B., Leegwater, D.K. .Portplan, decision support system for port terminals. European Journal of Operational Research, 1988(34):249～261
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[02]．真虹编著．港口生产调度过程优化．上海：上海科学技术文献出版社．1999
[03]．彭传圣．国外港口计算机模拟技术的发展．港口装卸，1998 (1)：7～9
[04]．彭传圣．散货码头计算机动画模拟研究，港口装卸，2001 (1)：1～6
[05]．彭传圣．港口码头系统计算机模拟技术应用的现状与发展．水运科学研究所学报，1999 (6)：1～10
[06]．顾启泰编著．离散事件系统建模与仿真．北京：清华大学出版社．1999
[07]．翁克勤．集装箱运输的发展及其对策．水运工程，2000 (8)：66～68
[08]. De Castilho, B. Daganzo, C.F. Handling strategies for import containers at marine terminals. Transportation Research 1993.27(2): 151～166.
[09]. Daganzo, C.F. .The crane scheduling problem. Transportation Research ,1988. 23(3), 159～175.
[10]. Legato, P., Mazza, R.M. Berth planning and resources optimisation at a container terminal via discrete event simulation. European Journal of Operational Research ,2001:537～547
[11]. Imai, A., Nagaiwa, K., Tat, C.W.. Efficient planning of berth allocation for container terminals in Asia. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 1997.31(1):75～94.
[12]. Peterkofsky, R.I., Daganzo, C.F.. Abranch and bound solution method for the crane scheduling problem. Transportation Research,1990.24(3):159～172.
[13]. Kim, K.H., Bae, J.W.. A dispatching method for automated guided vehicles to minimize delays of containership operations. International Journal of Management Science , 20015(1):1～25.
[14]. D. Hking. B.A. Radomske. Recent Advance in Simulation for Bulk Terminal Design. Bulk Solids Handling, 1993.13(1):7～9
[15]. M. Jwillekes, S. Edema. Selecting Ship Unloaders for Indian Ports. Bulk Solids Handling, 1995.13(4):1～4
[16]. Model of Efficiency. Cargo Systems, 1996(4):12～16
[17] ．Carston Boll著，韩宙译．集装箱装卸模拟分析系统。集装箱化，1995(6) ：26～ 29
[18] . Edmond, E. D., Maggs, R. P. . How useful are queue models in port investment decisions for container berths?. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 1978． 29(8) : 741-750．
[19] . Imai, A., Nishimura, E., Papadimitriou, S. . The dynamic berth allocation problem for a container port. Transportation Research, 2001 (35) : 401-417．
[20] . Nishimura, E., Imai, A., Papadimitriou, S. . Berth allocation planning in the public berth system by genetic algorithms. European Journal of Operational Research, 2001:282-292
[21] . Avriel, M., Penn, M., Shpirer, N., Witteboon, S.. Stowage planning for container ships to reduce the number of shifts. Annals of Operations Research, 1998: 55-71
[22] . Shields, J. J. . Container stowage: a computer-aided preplanning system. Marine Technology, 1984． 21(4) :370-383．
[23] . Bish, E. K., Leong, T. Y., Li, C. L., Ng, J. W. C., Simchi-Levi, D. . Analysis of a new vehicle scheduling and location problem. Naval Research Logistics, 2001:363-385．
[24] . Vis, I. F. A., De Koster, R., Savelsbergh, M. W. P. . Estimation of the number of transport vehicles at a container terminal. Progress in Material Handling Research, 2001:404-420．
[25] . Evers, J. J. M., Koppers, S. A. J. . Automated guided vehicle traffic control at a container terminal. Transportation Research A , 1996． 30(1) , 21-34．
[26] . Kim, K. Y., Kim, K. H. . A routing algorithm for a single transfer crane to load export containers onto a containership. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 1997． 33(3) : 673-676
[27] . Kim, K. H., Park, Y. M., Ryu, K. R. . Deriving decision rules to locate export containers in container yards. European Journal of Operational Research ,2000:89-101
[28] . Gambardella, L. M., Rizzoli, A. E., Zaffalon, M. . Simulation and planning of an intermodal container terminal. Simulation , 1998． 71(2) :107-116
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