石化工程项目精益安全管理研究与实践
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摘要
在能源紧张的国际形势下,为保障我国能源安全,进一步加大石化工程项目新建和改扩建力度,提升石化行业产能,是我国石化行业发展的必然趋势。但近年来石化企业屡次发生的重大安全事故对国家安全、环境以及人民生命财产带来了巨大的威胁。因此,立足我国石化行业安全管理需求与特点,遵循安全管理的客观规律,借鉴系统论、信息论和控制论原理,开展石化工程项目安全管理理论和方法的创新研究,对于促进我国石化行业安全管理水平的提高无疑具有重大的理论和现实意义。
本文在系统分析安全管理理论、方法与技术现状与发展趋势的基础上,结合石化工程项目全生命周期的生产作业和管理特点,指出石化工程项目是一个典型的复杂社会技术系统,应遵循复杂社会技术系统安全控制的原理,并在石化工程项目安全管理的创新研究中更多关注组织管理和“人”的因素在安全管理中的作用机理。
通过分析我国石化企业的管理现状,指出推行精益项目化管理是我国石化企业管理创新的方向。在系统辨析安全与精益思想之间有机联系的基础上,提出了精益安全观；遵循精益管理的基本原则和方法指导,借鉴安全链管理理论,构建了石化工程项目精益安全价值链管理模型体系。以打造高可靠性组织为目标,依次从安全生产作业子系统、安全管控子系统以及安全文化子系统三个维度进行了石化工程项目安全管理措施要素体系设计。
针对石化工程项目精益安全管理面临的知行转换难题,采用系统动力学理论,建立了石化工程项目精益安全变革的系统动力学模型,并结合某石化企业500万吨／年炼油改扩建项目实践进行了模型仿真分析,对模型的有效性进行了验证分析,指出进一步从心理学和社会学角度进行模型参数确定,是本研究进一步深化的方向。
Under the international situation of increasingly intense energy crisis, to ensure China's energy security, it is an inevitable growing trend for petrochemical industry to enhance production capacity and to extend and expand petrochemical projects. Meanwhile, the petrochemical industry is the third largest high-risk industry, following coal production and firecracker manufacture. In recent years, serious accidents have cropped up incessantly in petrochemical enterprises, which severely threaten national security, environmental protection and people's lives and properties. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for research on safety management theories and innovative methods for petrochemical projects. It undoubtedly is of great practical and theoretical significance in promoting the safety management of the petrochemical industry in China.
This dissertation first summarizes the theories, methods, present situation and developing trend of safety management systematically, and then analyzes lifecycle operations and management features of petrochemical projects. It points out that a petrochemical project is a typically complex socio-technical system. Hence, the general principles of security control in the complex socio-technical system should be complied with. Meanwhile, the operational mechanism of the organizational management and the factor of "person" in safety management should also be focused on.
On the basis of analysis on current management situations of Chinese petrochemical enterprises, this dissertation points out that it is a new direction of management innovation to implement lean management in petrochemical enterprises. While systematically identifying the organic links between safety and leanness, this dissertation presents the concept of efficient and lean management. Adhering to the basic principles and methods of lean management and using the theory of safety chain management for reference, a model system of lean value chain management is established. In order to create high reliable organizations, an elemental system of management measures is built from three dimensions:the safe production operation subsystem, security control subsystem and safety culture subsystem.
Due to the difficulty of knowing-doing transformation in the lean safety management of petrochemical projects, system dynamics theory is employed to construct the system dynamics model of lean safety transform. A simulative analysis was conducted based on the model of a 500 tons/year refinery expansion project in a petrochemical corporation, and the effectiveness of the model was also verified. Further research will be done to evaluate the model parameters psychologically and sociologically.
本文在系统分析安全管理理论、方法与技术现状与发展趋势的基础上,结合石化工程项目全生命周期的生产作业和管理特点,指出石化工程项目是一个典型的复杂社会技术系统,应遵循复杂社会技术系统安全控制的原理,并在石化工程项目安全管理的创新研究中更多关注组织管理和“人”的因素在安全管理中的作用机理。
通过分析我国石化企业的管理现状,指出推行精益项目化管理是我国石化企业管理创新的方向。在系统辨析安全与精益思想之间有机联系的基础上,提出了精益安全观；遵循精益管理的基本原则和方法指导,借鉴安全链管理理论,构建了石化工程项目精益安全价值链管理模型体系。以打造高可靠性组织为目标,依次从安全生产作业子系统、安全管控子系统以及安全文化子系统三个维度进行了石化工程项目安全管理措施要素体系设计。
针对石化工程项目精益安全管理面临的知行转换难题,采用系统动力学理论,建立了石化工程项目精益安全变革的系统动力学模型,并结合某石化企业500万吨／年炼油改扩建项目实践进行了模型仿真分析,对模型的有效性进行了验证分析,指出进一步从心理学和社会学角度进行模型参数确定,是本研究进一步深化的方向。
Under the international situation of increasingly intense energy crisis, to ensure China's energy security, it is an inevitable growing trend for petrochemical industry to enhance production capacity and to extend and expand petrochemical projects. Meanwhile, the petrochemical industry is the third largest high-risk industry, following coal production and firecracker manufacture. In recent years, serious accidents have cropped up incessantly in petrochemical enterprises, which severely threaten national security, environmental protection and people's lives and properties. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for research on safety management theories and innovative methods for petrochemical projects. It undoubtedly is of great practical and theoretical significance in promoting the safety management of the petrochemical industry in China.
This dissertation first summarizes the theories, methods, present situation and developing trend of safety management systematically, and then analyzes lifecycle operations and management features of petrochemical projects. It points out that a petrochemical project is a typically complex socio-technical system. Hence, the general principles of security control in the complex socio-technical system should be complied with. Meanwhile, the operational mechanism of the organizational management and the factor of "person" in safety management should also be focused on.
On the basis of analysis on current management situations of Chinese petrochemical enterprises, this dissertation points out that it is a new direction of management innovation to implement lean management in petrochemical enterprises. While systematically identifying the organic links between safety and leanness, this dissertation presents the concept of efficient and lean management. Adhering to the basic principles and methods of lean management and using the theory of safety chain management for reference, a model system of lean value chain management is established. In order to create high reliable organizations, an elemental system of management measures is built from three dimensions:the safe production operation subsystem, security control subsystem and safety culture subsystem.
Due to the difficulty of knowing-doing transformation in the lean safety management of petrochemical projects, system dynamics theory is employed to construct the system dynamics model of lean safety transform. A simulative analysis was conducted based on the model of a 500 tons/year refinery expansion project in a petrochemical corporation, and the effectiveness of the model was also verified. Further research will be done to evaluate the model parameters psychologically and sociologically.
引文
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