煤、气联合制甲醇的环境影响研究
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摘要
新疆乃至全国的甲醇工业目前普遍存在甲醇装置规模小、工艺技术落后、能耗高,造成生产成本高、竞争力弱等问题。本研究依托新疆东辰公司甲醇厂建设项目,对天然气单一原料制甲醇的不同工艺和煤、气联合制甲醇工艺的物料消耗、能耗和排放污染物情况进行了分析；项目为了达到不断扩产的目的选择了不同种工艺,因此对比分析了各个阶段物耗和能耗上污染物排放量的变化情况；还对比分析了项目扩产各阶段的减排效率,总量控制及温室气体CO2的减排情况。可以得出以下结论：
1、天然气单一原料制甲醇工艺的物耗、能耗以及产排污对比,可以看出自热式二段联合转化工艺具有很大的先进性,不仅能够实现经济效益,还能够达到节能减排,是能够作为成熟工艺推广使用的。
2、天然气的一段蒸汽转化工艺与煤、气联合转化工艺的物耗、能耗以及产排污对比,可以看出煤、气联合转化工艺在产量越大的情况下,越能够节约原料的消耗,因为在煤制甲醇阶段可以完全消耗掉工艺过程中所产生的弛放气,在节约了天然气消耗的同时,也实现了大气污染物的减排。
3、天然气的自热式联合转化工艺与煤、气联合转化工艺的物耗、能耗以及产排污对比,可以看出煤、气联合转化工艺的优势体现在原料的节约上。
4、煤作为原料生产甲醇时是采用了与天然气联合工艺,富有的碳大部分与前期回收的H2结合投入生产甲醇,不仅节约了资源,也没有明显的温室气体排放。
由本文分析数据可以看出,煤、气联合制甲醇工艺在总体上占有很大的优势,首先原料天然气的节省量较大；其次,结合能量消耗来看,煤、气联合转化工艺总体上较天然气单一原料制甲醇的两种工艺节约资源；第三,甲醇产值的增加远远高于SO2排放量的增加,相较于整个区域的经济效益和环境效益而言,SO2排放量的增加值并不会对区域环境构成任何威胁；另外,尽管煤、气联合制甲醇工艺中有部分原料采用煤炭,却并没有明显的温室气体排放。
At present, There are exists widely such issues as small scale plants、backward processing technology、high energy consumption in methanol industry of Xinjiang and China, causing the high case of production、weak competitiveness. In this study it relies on construction projects in methanol factory, Xinjiang DongChen, Comparative analysis about material consumption、energy consumption and pollution discharge of different methanol processes with only natural gas and combined with coal and gas process; in order to achieved the purpose of continued expansion, the project chose the different processes, so various stages of the changing on the material、energy consumption and emissions were compared and analyzed; and comparative analysis about efficiency of emission and reduction, total quantity control and the reduction of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. we can be drawn the following conclusions:
1、Comparative analysis about material consumption、energy consumption and pollution discharge of different methanol processes with only natural gas, we can see that it is a great advancement by the self-heating type two stage reforming. Not only to achieve economic efficiency, but also to achieve energy conservation, it can be expanded application as a proven process.
2、Comparative analysis about material consumption、energy consumption and pollution discharge of one stage steam reforming process and combined with coal and gas process, we can see that it is the more production, the less consumption of raw materials by making methanol with combined with coal and gas process. Because it can be completely consumed all of purge gas which is made of methanol process in the phase of coal methanol. It is saving the natural gas, at the same time also achieving the reduction of atmospheric pollutants.
3、Comparative analysis about material consumption、energy consumption and pollution discharge of the self-heating type two stage reforming and combined with coal and gas process, we can see that the advantages of conversion process which the combined with coal and gas process produced is reflected in the saving of raw materials.
4、Full of the carbon combined with the previous recovery hydrogen production of methanol, not only saves resources, but also no significant greenhouse gas emissions in the project.
As the analysis of this paper, we can see that the combined with coal and gas process has a significant advantage in totally. First, the saving of natural gas is larger. Second, with the energy consumption, compare with the combined with coal and gas process the different methanol processes with only natural gas, the combined with coal and gas process can save more resources. Third, the increasing of value of methanol is more than the increasing of emissions of sulfur dioxide, for economic and environmental benefits of all the local area, it will not pose any threat to the local environment by emissions of sulfur dioxide. Otherwise, although, part of raw materials used in the coal in the combined with coal and gas process, but no significant greenhouse gas emissions.
1、天然气单一原料制甲醇工艺的物耗、能耗以及产排污对比,可以看出自热式二段联合转化工艺具有很大的先进性,不仅能够实现经济效益,还能够达到节能减排,是能够作为成熟工艺推广使用的。
2、天然气的一段蒸汽转化工艺与煤、气联合转化工艺的物耗、能耗以及产排污对比,可以看出煤、气联合转化工艺在产量越大的情况下,越能够节约原料的消耗,因为在煤制甲醇阶段可以完全消耗掉工艺过程中所产生的弛放气,在节约了天然气消耗的同时,也实现了大气污染物的减排。
3、天然气的自热式联合转化工艺与煤、气联合转化工艺的物耗、能耗以及产排污对比,可以看出煤、气联合转化工艺的优势体现在原料的节约上。
4、煤作为原料生产甲醇时是采用了与天然气联合工艺,富有的碳大部分与前期回收的H2结合投入生产甲醇,不仅节约了资源,也没有明显的温室气体排放。
由本文分析数据可以看出,煤、气联合制甲醇工艺在总体上占有很大的优势,首先原料天然气的节省量较大；其次,结合能量消耗来看,煤、气联合转化工艺总体上较天然气单一原料制甲醇的两种工艺节约资源；第三,甲醇产值的增加远远高于SO2排放量的增加,相较于整个区域的经济效益和环境效益而言,SO2排放量的增加值并不会对区域环境构成任何威胁；另外,尽管煤、气联合制甲醇工艺中有部分原料采用煤炭,却并没有明显的温室气体排放。
At present, There are exists widely such issues as small scale plants、backward processing technology、high energy consumption in methanol industry of Xinjiang and China, causing the high case of production、weak competitiveness. In this study it relies on construction projects in methanol factory, Xinjiang DongChen, Comparative analysis about material consumption、energy consumption and pollution discharge of different methanol processes with only natural gas and combined with coal and gas process; in order to achieved the purpose of continued expansion, the project chose the different processes, so various stages of the changing on the material、energy consumption and emissions were compared and analyzed; and comparative analysis about efficiency of emission and reduction, total quantity control and the reduction of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. we can be drawn the following conclusions:
1、Comparative analysis about material consumption、energy consumption and pollution discharge of different methanol processes with only natural gas, we can see that it is a great advancement by the self-heating type two stage reforming. Not only to achieve economic efficiency, but also to achieve energy conservation, it can be expanded application as a proven process.
2、Comparative analysis about material consumption、energy consumption and pollution discharge of one stage steam reforming process and combined with coal and gas process, we can see that it is the more production, the less consumption of raw materials by making methanol with combined with coal and gas process. Because it can be completely consumed all of purge gas which is made of methanol process in the phase of coal methanol. It is saving the natural gas, at the same time also achieving the reduction of atmospheric pollutants.
3、Comparative analysis about material consumption、energy consumption and pollution discharge of the self-heating type two stage reforming and combined with coal and gas process, we can see that the advantages of conversion process which the combined with coal and gas process produced is reflected in the saving of raw materials.
4、Full of the carbon combined with the previous recovery hydrogen production of methanol, not only saves resources, but also no significant greenhouse gas emissions in the project.
As the analysis of this paper, we can see that the combined with coal and gas process has a significant advantage in totally. First, the saving of natural gas is larger. Second, with the energy consumption, compare with the combined with coal and gas process the different methanol processes with only natural gas, the combined with coal and gas process can save more resources. Third, the increasing of value of methanol is more than the increasing of emissions of sulfur dioxide, for economic and environmental benefits of all the local area, it will not pose any threat to the local environment by emissions of sulfur dioxide. Otherwise, although, part of raw materials used in the coal in the combined with coal and gas process, but no significant greenhouse gas emissions.
引文
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[6]李建,张鹏,吴月,等.新疆主要污染物减排形势分析[J].新疆环境保护,2009,31(3)：26-28.
[7]张小.节能减排的经济意义浅析[J].中国商界,2010,(7)：194.
[8]董秀琴.甲醇生产工艺技术简介[J].内蒙古石油化工,2007,(10)：38-39.
[9]2007年及未来几年世界天然气产业发展趋势分析[J].中国经贸导刊,2007,(5)：22.
[10]骆定法,李耕.国内外甲醇市场状况及合成工艺进展[J].洁净煤技术,2006,12(2)：103-105.
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