基于建筑企业物资管理的库存研究
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摘要
随着系统工程的不断发展,物流技术的不断完善,建筑企业市场化、经济化的要求越来越高,在追求利润为目标的基础上,建筑企业的物资管理越来越重要,为了挖掘建筑企业在库存管理环节上的利润潜力,本文提出了零库存的管理模式,必须强调的是:零库存是一种优化手段,而并不是最终结果,其意义就是在建筑企业物资管理的过程中能够系统的将物流技术渗透进去,最终能够得到建筑企业的合理库存。
本文结合建筑企业施工特点,提出建筑企业物资管理的指标体系,并对各指标体系进行了详细分析,尤其需要注意的是建筑企业应该针对本工程和本企业实际面临的情况,对指标体系进行系统性的研究,适当进行增加删减。
指标权重的确定是建筑企业对指标体系进行综合评价的基础,按照权重确定的原则,将定性化的指标通过科学的权重分析法定量化非常关键。本文采用主观赋权法、客观赋权法和结合赋权法对指标进行量化,随后利用层次分析法(AHP)、遗传算法(GA)、博弈论(GT)对量化之后的建筑企业零库存管理的指标体系进行综合评价,并就它们之间存在的优劣进行了对比分析。
建筑企业零库存管理的提出对建筑企业的施工管理的整个过程是一个挑战,经常库存为零,就意味着不存在安全库存,那工程的不确定性因素将更多,可预见或不可预见因素之间的关系将更加复杂。本文就以经常库存是否为零的前提下,通过工程实例分析,研究讨论了建筑企业合理库存的建立方法。从建筑企业物资库存管理分析入手,对建筑企业物资库存的不确定性进行了分析,并对建筑企业的库存模式进行讨论,在经常库存的基础上提出了安全库存为零条件下的零库存的实施条件、方法及不确定性因素,得出建筑企业合理库存选取方法。
理论和实践之间的差距需要时间来证明,本文就建筑企业零库存管理模式的提出是工程管理的一个意识形态,需要进一步的发展和完善。
With the continuous development of systems engineering, logistics technology continues to improve, the construction of the enterprise market, the economy of the increasingly high demands, in the pursuit of profit targets on the basis of material management in construction enterprises increasingly important to enterprises in the mining construction inventory management on the part of the profit potential of this paper, inventory management model, it must be stressed is: Zero Inventory Optimization is a means, not the end, its significance is in the construction business in the process of material management system will be able to Logistics Technology infiltration into the final construction enterprises can be a reasonable stock.
In this paper the characteristics of construction enterprises, construction enterprises raised the target material management system, and the index system carried out a detailed analysis, it requires the attention of the enterprises should be directed towards the construction of the project and the actual situation faced by the indicator system for system The study, due to increased deletion.
Index weight is the determination of the indicators construction enterprise system based on the comprehensive evaluation, in accordance with the principles set forth in the weights, and the qualitative indicators of scientific weight statutory quantitative analysis is crucial. In this paper, using subjective empower law, with the objective to empower the law and the law empowers the quantitative indicators, and then using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the genetic algorithm (GA), Game Theory (GT) quantified after construction enterprises inventory management of a comprehensive evaluation index system, and their presence on the pros and cons of a comparative analysis.
Inventory management of construction enterprises to the management of construction enterprises of the whole construction process is a challenge, often zero inventory, it means that there is no safety stock, the project will be more uncertainties, foreseen or unforeseen factors The relationship between will be more complicated. In this paper, the inventory is often under the premise of zero, through project example analysis, from building materials inventory management of enterprises start of the construction materials business inventories for the uncertainty of the analysis, and construction enterprises inventory model discussed in the regular stocks on the basis of raised safety stock inventory to zero under the conditions of the implementation of the conditions, methods and uncertainties, that construction enterprises reasonable inventory selection methods.
Theory and practice of the gap between the needs time to prove that this enterprise inventory management on the construction of the proposed model is a project management ideologies, the need for further development and improvement.
本文结合建筑企业施工特点,提出建筑企业物资管理的指标体系,并对各指标体系进行了详细分析,尤其需要注意的是建筑企业应该针对本工程和本企业实际面临的情况,对指标体系进行系统性的研究,适当进行增加删减。
指标权重的确定是建筑企业对指标体系进行综合评价的基础,按照权重确定的原则,将定性化的指标通过科学的权重分析法定量化非常关键。本文采用主观赋权法、客观赋权法和结合赋权法对指标进行量化,随后利用层次分析法(AHP)、遗传算法(GA)、博弈论(GT)对量化之后的建筑企业零库存管理的指标体系进行综合评价,并就它们之间存在的优劣进行了对比分析。
建筑企业零库存管理的提出对建筑企业的施工管理的整个过程是一个挑战,经常库存为零,就意味着不存在安全库存,那工程的不确定性因素将更多,可预见或不可预见因素之间的关系将更加复杂。本文就以经常库存是否为零的前提下,通过工程实例分析,研究讨论了建筑企业合理库存的建立方法。从建筑企业物资库存管理分析入手,对建筑企业物资库存的不确定性进行了分析,并对建筑企业的库存模式进行讨论,在经常库存的基础上提出了安全库存为零条件下的零库存的实施条件、方法及不确定性因素,得出建筑企业合理库存选取方法。
理论和实践之间的差距需要时间来证明,本文就建筑企业零库存管理模式的提出是工程管理的一个意识形态,需要进一步的发展和完善。
With the continuous development of systems engineering, logistics technology continues to improve, the construction of the enterprise market, the economy of the increasingly high demands, in the pursuit of profit targets on the basis of material management in construction enterprises increasingly important to enterprises in the mining construction inventory management on the part of the profit potential of this paper, inventory management model, it must be stressed is: Zero Inventory Optimization is a means, not the end, its significance is in the construction business in the process of material management system will be able to Logistics Technology infiltration into the final construction enterprises can be a reasonable stock.
In this paper the characteristics of construction enterprises, construction enterprises raised the target material management system, and the index system carried out a detailed analysis, it requires the attention of the enterprises should be directed towards the construction of the project and the actual situation faced by the indicator system for system The study, due to increased deletion.
Index weight is the determination of the indicators construction enterprise system based on the comprehensive evaluation, in accordance with the principles set forth in the weights, and the qualitative indicators of scientific weight statutory quantitative analysis is crucial. In this paper, using subjective empower law, with the objective to empower the law and the law empowers the quantitative indicators, and then using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the genetic algorithm (GA), Game Theory (GT) quantified after construction enterprises inventory management of a comprehensive evaluation index system, and their presence on the pros and cons of a comparative analysis.
Inventory management of construction enterprises to the management of construction enterprises of the whole construction process is a challenge, often zero inventory, it means that there is no safety stock, the project will be more uncertainties, foreseen or unforeseen factors The relationship between will be more complicated. In this paper, the inventory is often under the premise of zero, through project example analysis, from building materials inventory management of enterprises start of the construction materials business inventories for the uncertainty of the analysis, and construction enterprises inventory model discussed in the regular stocks on the basis of raised safety stock inventory to zero under the conditions of the implementation of the conditions, methods and uncertainties, that construction enterprises reasonable inventory selection methods.
Theory and practice of the gap between the needs time to prove that this enterprise inventory management on the construction of the proposed model is a project management ideologies, the need for further development and improvement.
引文
[1]刘发全.水利工程施工经济[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1996.
[2]陈福生.现代工业企业物资管理.北京:经济管理出版社,1997.
[3]黄洁,刘发全.基于粗糙集的建筑材料供应商选择方法.物流技术,2005,1:48.
[4]建筑企业物资管理编委会编.建筑企业物资管理[M].2000:2-4.
[5]李松庆.第三方物流论[M].中国物资出版社,2005.
[6]周溪召.物流系统工程[M].上海财经大学出版社,2003.
[7]姚冠新.赵艳萍,贡文伟,物流工程[M].经济管理出版社,2004.
[8]吴青一.物流系统工程[M].中国物资出版社,2004.
[9]施李华.物流战略[M].对外经济贸易大学出版社,2004.
[10]王槐林.采购管理与库存控制[M].中国物资出版社,2002.
[11]中国商业企业管理协会、中国商业职业资格认证中心.现代物流管理[M].2005.
[12]李波.现代物流规划系统规划[M].中国水利水电出版社,2005.
[13]杨瑾卿,张文杰,吕昌.物资管理系统工程基础[M].中国铁道出版社,1987.
[14]何亚伯等.建筑工程经济与企业管理[M].武汉大学出版社,2005.
[15]丁俊发.中国物流[M],中国物资出版社,2002.
[16]刘兴涛.加强物资管理是建筑企业降低成本的关键[J].管理纵横,2002,20(3):50-53.
[17]Aggarwal.S.A Review of current Inventory Theory and its Application.International Journal Production Research,12(1974).
[18]屈冠林.科学的认识零库存[J].中国物流与采购,2003,(11):34-35.
[19]李俊倩.我们能否做到零库存[J],ENTER PRISE MANAGEMENT 8,2006,8:83-85.
[20]吕茫茫.施工项目管理[M].上海,同济大学出版社,2005:74.
[21]田元福.建设工程项目管理[M],北京,清华大学出版社,2005.
[22]符长青,王洪江.工程项目施工成本影响因素分析[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2003.(7):158-159.
[23]赵筑英.试论建筑工程项目质量成本优化与控制[J].建筑科学,2007.(12):93.
[24]叶政谙.房建工程质量成本的讨论与研究[J].中国质量,2006,(7):
[25]王莹.地下公共建筑消防安全评估研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2007,5.
[26]Joel D.Wisner,G.Keong Leong,Keah—Choon Tan,Principles of Supply Chain Management A Balanced Approach,朱梓齐译.供应链管理[M].机械工业出版社,2006:146-149.
[27]李伊松,易华.物流成本管理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:134-137.
[28]杨改,许茂增.物流安全研究综述[J].物流技术,2006,10:33.
[29]李荣星.建设项目评价理论与方法体系研究[D].大连:大连理工大学2006,12:25-31.
[30]王靖,张金锁.综合评价中确定权重向量的几种方法比较[J].石家庄:河北工业大学学报,2001, 4(2):53.
[31]许树柏.层次分析法原理[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1988.
[32]王海兰.葛振中.基于AHP方法的物流作业管理综合评价[J].物流科技,2005,29(129):6-8.
[33]刘朝晖.物资管理系统工程[M].北京:中国物资出版社,1996.
[34]王珍,谢五洲.零库存及实现途径[J].物流天地,2003,9:23-24.
[35]刘安禄.基于综合评价法的建筑公司供应商选择分析研究[J].集团经济研究.2007.2(220):232.
[36]高粱.基于层次分析法的绩效评估权重设计[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2007:19.
[37]15[美]Saaty A L,The analytic hierarchy process[M],Mc Graw Hill,Inc,1980.
[38]吉跟林.遗传算法研究综述[M].计算机应用与软件,2004,21(2):69-72.
[39]Goldberg D1,Lingle R.Alleles,Loci and the Traveling Salesman Problem.In:Grefenstette J1Editor,Proceedings of First International Conference on Genetic Algorithms.Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,New Jersey,1985:154-1591.
[40]Wolpert D1H1,Macready W1G1,No Free Lunch Theorems for Seareh.IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation.1997,1(1):67-821.
[41]王战权,汪超.遗传算法在现代物流系统中的应用研究[J].物流科技,2001,2:9-13.
[42]曾庆磊.博弈论在建筑工程实施过程中的应用研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2004:26-31.
[43]Robert Gibbons.A Primer in Game Theory.Harvester Wheasheaf Press.1992.
[44]R.Selten.Valuation of n-Person Games.In:Adbanees in Game Theory.Annals of Mathematics Studies,Prineeton N.J.1964,52:565-578.
[45]郝丽萍,郑远挺,潭庆美.建筑工程投标报价的博弈模型研究[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2002,35(2):109-112.
[46]James Friedman.Game Theory with Applications to Economics.Oxford University Press.1990.
[47]张树义,李肖军,武振业.试论企业战略联盟分配问题[J].系统工程理论方法应用,2002,11(3),:235-239.
[48]Margaret A Meyer,John Vickers.Performance comparisons and dynamic ineentives[J],Journal of Political Economy,1997,105(3):547-581.
[49]董敬欣,李东俊等.虚拟物流企业构建理论研究[J].计算机辅助设计与制造,2001,(9):30-33.
[50]刘春成.物流企业战略联盟问题研究[D].大连:大连海事大学2003,3:20-21.
[51]construction project management:planning,scheduling and controlling.K.K.奇特克勒.工程建设项目管理:计划、进度与控制[M].北京:知识产权出版社、中国水利水电出版社,2005:209.
[52]Supply Chain Logistics Management(2nd Edition),Donald J.Bowersox,David J.Closs,M.Bixby Cooper,马士华,黄爽,赵婷婷译,北京:机械工业出版社,2002:130-141.
[53]龙江涛,李德愿,冯春花.零库存实施条件方法研究[]价值工程2006,2:30-31.
[2]陈福生.现代工业企业物资管理.北京:经济管理出版社,1997.
[3]黄洁,刘发全.基于粗糙集的建筑材料供应商选择方法.物流技术,2005,1:48.
[4]建筑企业物资管理编委会编.建筑企业物资管理[M].2000:2-4.
[5]李松庆.第三方物流论[M].中国物资出版社,2005.
[6]周溪召.物流系统工程[M].上海财经大学出版社,2003.
[7]姚冠新.赵艳萍,贡文伟,物流工程[M].经济管理出版社,2004.
[8]吴青一.物流系统工程[M].中国物资出版社,2004.
[9]施李华.物流战略[M].对外经济贸易大学出版社,2004.
[10]王槐林.采购管理与库存控制[M].中国物资出版社,2002.
[11]中国商业企业管理协会、中国商业职业资格认证中心.现代物流管理[M].2005.
[12]李波.现代物流规划系统规划[M].中国水利水电出版社,2005.
[13]杨瑾卿,张文杰,吕昌.物资管理系统工程基础[M].中国铁道出版社,1987.
[14]何亚伯等.建筑工程经济与企业管理[M].武汉大学出版社,2005.
[15]丁俊发.中国物流[M],中国物资出版社,2002.
[16]刘兴涛.加强物资管理是建筑企业降低成本的关键[J].管理纵横,2002,20(3):50-53.
[17]Aggarwal.S.A Review of current Inventory Theory and its Application.International Journal Production Research,12(1974).
[18]屈冠林.科学的认识零库存[J].中国物流与采购,2003,(11):34-35.
[19]李俊倩.我们能否做到零库存[J],ENTER PRISE MANAGEMENT 8,2006,8:83-85.
[20]吕茫茫.施工项目管理[M].上海,同济大学出版社,2005:74.
[21]田元福.建设工程项目管理[M],北京,清华大学出版社,2005.
[22]符长青,王洪江.工程项目施工成本影响因素分析[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2003.(7):158-159.
[23]赵筑英.试论建筑工程项目质量成本优化与控制[J].建筑科学,2007.(12):93.
[24]叶政谙.房建工程质量成本的讨论与研究[J].中国质量,2006,(7):
[25]王莹.地下公共建筑消防安全评估研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2007,5.
[26]Joel D.Wisner,G.Keong Leong,Keah—Choon Tan,Principles of Supply Chain Management A Balanced Approach,朱梓齐译.供应链管理[M].机械工业出版社,2006:146-149.
[27]李伊松,易华.物流成本管理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:134-137.
[28]杨改,许茂增.物流安全研究综述[J].物流技术,2006,10:33.
[29]李荣星.建设项目评价理论与方法体系研究[D].大连:大连理工大学2006,12:25-31.
[30]王靖,张金锁.综合评价中确定权重向量的几种方法比较[J].石家庄:河北工业大学学报,2001, 4(2):53.
[31]许树柏.层次分析法原理[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1988.
[32]王海兰.葛振中.基于AHP方法的物流作业管理综合评价[J].物流科技,2005,29(129):6-8.
[33]刘朝晖.物资管理系统工程[M].北京:中国物资出版社,1996.
[34]王珍,谢五洲.零库存及实现途径[J].物流天地,2003,9:23-24.
[35]刘安禄.基于综合评价法的建筑公司供应商选择分析研究[J].集团经济研究.2007.2(220):232.
[36]高粱.基于层次分析法的绩效评估权重设计[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2007:19.
[37]15[美]Saaty A L,The analytic hierarchy process[M],Mc Graw Hill,Inc,1980.
[38]吉跟林.遗传算法研究综述[M].计算机应用与软件,2004,21(2):69-72.
[39]Goldberg D1,Lingle R.Alleles,Loci and the Traveling Salesman Problem.In:Grefenstette J1Editor,Proceedings of First International Conference on Genetic Algorithms.Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,New Jersey,1985:154-1591.
[40]Wolpert D1H1,Macready W1G1,No Free Lunch Theorems for Seareh.IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation.1997,1(1):67-821.
[41]王战权,汪超.遗传算法在现代物流系统中的应用研究[J].物流科技,2001,2:9-13.
[42]曾庆磊.博弈论在建筑工程实施过程中的应用研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2004:26-31.
[43]Robert Gibbons.A Primer in Game Theory.Harvester Wheasheaf Press.1992.
[44]R.Selten.Valuation of n-Person Games.In:Adbanees in Game Theory.Annals of Mathematics Studies,Prineeton N.J.1964,52:565-578.
[45]郝丽萍,郑远挺,潭庆美.建筑工程投标报价的博弈模型研究[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2002,35(2):109-112.
[46]James Friedman.Game Theory with Applications to Economics.Oxford University Press.1990.
[47]张树义,李肖军,武振业.试论企业战略联盟分配问题[J].系统工程理论方法应用,2002,11(3),:235-239.
[48]Margaret A Meyer,John Vickers.Performance comparisons and dynamic ineentives[J],Journal of Political Economy,1997,105(3):547-581.
[49]董敬欣,李东俊等.虚拟物流企业构建理论研究[J].计算机辅助设计与制造,2001,(9):30-33.
[50]刘春成.物流企业战略联盟问题研究[D].大连:大连海事大学2003,3:20-21.
[51]construction project management:planning,scheduling and controlling.K.K.奇特克勒.工程建设项目管理:计划、进度与控制[M].北京:知识产权出版社、中国水利水电出版社,2005:209.
[52]Supply Chain Logistics Management(2nd Edition),Donald J.Bowersox,David J.Closs,M.Bixby Cooper,马士华,黄爽,赵婷婷译,北京:机械工业出版社,2002:130-141.
[53]龙江涛,李德愿,冯春花.零库存实施条件方法研究[]价值工程2006,2:30-31.