带有高频谐振环节的单级隔离式PFC变换器研究
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摘要
电子仪器及电力电子装置中大量的谐波电流极易对周围设备产生电磁干扰,同时也造成了对电网的谐波污染。对于数量多而且分散的中小功率电源系统,最有效的方法就是在电源内部采用功率因数校正(PFC)和谐波抑制措施,从根本上消除谐波源。近年来功率因数校正技术受到了国内外电源界的高度重视,其中功率因数校正技术研究的一个热点问题就是新拓扑的提出。
论文首先阐述了功率因数校正技术的研究现状,对两级PFC变换器和单级PFC变换器的拓扑结构进行了比较,归纳了各自的优缺点。
在此基础上,本文从高频谐振环节实现功率因数校正的工作原理分析入手,推导了功率因数的表达式,证明了高频谐振环节实现单位功率因数的可行性,并把高频谐振环节与单管反激式变换器相结合,提出了一种新型的单级隔离式PFC变换器拓扑,详细分析了主电路各开关状态的工作过程,进行了主要参数的计算和磁性元件的设计。该电路利用谐振电感代替Boost型PFC变换器的输入储能电感,谐振电感电流工作在断续导电模式(DCM),解决了Boost型PFC变换器中存在开关管关断损耗过大的问题,并且可以同时实现功率因数校正和输出电压调节。控制电路采用MSP430超低功耗单片机作为主控芯片,实现了该变换器的全数字化控制。
最后,针对所提出的新型单级隔离式功率因数校正(PFC)变换器的拓扑方案进行了仿真和实验研究,设计了一台120 W开关电源的实验样机。该样机在实验中测得输入电流总谐波畸变率(THD)为4.26%,功率因数为0.998,达到了预期的设计效果。
A large number of harmonic current from electronic machines and electricpower devices generate emission of noise interference to peripheral deviceseasily, at the same time, electric network suffers harmonic pollution. Fornumerous and decentralized power supplies, the most effective method tosuppress harmonic source ultimately is Power Factor Correction (PFC).Recently, internal and overseas power supply fields put highly premium onPower Factor Correction technique. Especially, a new topology proposed do isa hot spot of Power Factor Correction technique.
Firstly, the paper summarizes the current research situation of correctiontechnology for active power factor. Topologies of two-stage PFC convertersand single-stage PFC converters are compared with. Furthermore, the virtuesand defects of them are generalized.
In the second place, at the beginning of operating principle analysis byhigh frequency resonance link leading-in Correction, the expression wasdeduced, and feasibility of realizing unit Power Factor was justified. The paperproposed the topology of novel single-stage isolated PFC converter andanalyzed the work principle of the circuit. Consequently, primary parametersand magnetic elements were designed. Resonance inductor instead of theinductor in two-stage Boost PFC converter works in Discontinuous ConductionMode (DCM). The converter that the paper proposed solves the problem ofexcessive dissipation of the switch in two-stage Boost PFC converter. PowerFactor is corrected and output voltage is regulated at the same time. MSP430microcontroller that is super low power acts as a master controller in thecontrol system, and digital control of this converter is realized.
At last, the research of simulation and experiment is implemented on theproposed topology and control methods. A 120 W prototype was designed. The
measured input current THD is 4.26%. Power Factor attains 0.998. Theprototype realizes the expectation.
论文首先阐述了功率因数校正技术的研究现状,对两级PFC变换器和单级PFC变换器的拓扑结构进行了比较,归纳了各自的优缺点。
在此基础上,本文从高频谐振环节实现功率因数校正的工作原理分析入手,推导了功率因数的表达式,证明了高频谐振环节实现单位功率因数的可行性,并把高频谐振环节与单管反激式变换器相结合,提出了一种新型的单级隔离式PFC变换器拓扑,详细分析了主电路各开关状态的工作过程,进行了主要参数的计算和磁性元件的设计。该电路利用谐振电感代替Boost型PFC变换器的输入储能电感,谐振电感电流工作在断续导电模式(DCM),解决了Boost型PFC变换器中存在开关管关断损耗过大的问题,并且可以同时实现功率因数校正和输出电压调节。控制电路采用MSP430超低功耗单片机作为主控芯片,实现了该变换器的全数字化控制。
最后,针对所提出的新型单级隔离式功率因数校正(PFC)变换器的拓扑方案进行了仿真和实验研究,设计了一台120 W开关电源的实验样机。该样机在实验中测得输入电流总谐波畸变率(THD)为4.26%,功率因数为0.998,达到了预期的设计效果。
A large number of harmonic current from electronic machines and electricpower devices generate emission of noise interference to peripheral deviceseasily, at the same time, electric network suffers harmonic pollution. Fornumerous and decentralized power supplies, the most effective method tosuppress harmonic source ultimately is Power Factor Correction (PFC).Recently, internal and overseas power supply fields put highly premium onPower Factor Correction technique. Especially, a new topology proposed do isa hot spot of Power Factor Correction technique.
Firstly, the paper summarizes the current research situation of correctiontechnology for active power factor. Topologies of two-stage PFC convertersand single-stage PFC converters are compared with. Furthermore, the virtuesand defects of them are generalized.
In the second place, at the beginning of operating principle analysis byhigh frequency resonance link leading-in Correction, the expression wasdeduced, and feasibility of realizing unit Power Factor was justified. The paperproposed the topology of novel single-stage isolated PFC converter andanalyzed the work principle of the circuit. Consequently, primary parametersand magnetic elements were designed. Resonance inductor instead of theinductor in two-stage Boost PFC converter works in Discontinuous ConductionMode (DCM). The converter that the paper proposed solves the problem ofexcessive dissipation of the switch in two-stage Boost PFC converter. PowerFactor is corrected and output voltage is regulated at the same time. MSP430microcontroller that is super low power acts as a master controller in thecontrol system, and digital control of this converter is realized.
At last, the research of simulation and experiment is implemented on theproposed topology and control methods. A 120 W prototype was designed. The
measured input current THD is 4.26%. Power Factor attains 0.998. Theprototype realizes the expectation.
引文
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2 石新春,霍利民.电力电子技术与谐波抑制.华北电力大学学报,2002,29(1):6-9
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4 H. Wei, I. Batarseh. A Single-Switch AC-DC Converter with Power Factor Correction. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2000,15(3):421-430
5 B. Sharifipour, J. S. Huang. Manufacturing and Cost Analysis of Power-Factor-Correction Circuits. Thirteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 15-19 Feb 1998, Anaheim, California, USA,1998(1):490-494
6 Z. H. Yang, P. C. Sen. Recent Developments in High Power Factor Switch-Mode Converters. Electrical and Computer Engineering,1998(2):477-480
7 杨泽慧,束丹清.有源功率因数校正 APFC.通信电源技术,1998(2):9-14
8 张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2004:186-188
9 郝晓弘,张明光,侯景阳.电力系统高次谐波的危害及抑制方法,甘肃工业大学学报, 1998,24(3):79-84
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20 T. Heo, Y. Son. Analysis of the Interleaved Type Power Factor Correction (PFC) Converter in Discontinuous Current Mode. The 30th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2-6 Nov. 2004, Busan, Korea,2004:2706-2711
21 K. Cherl-Jin, J. Young. A Study on the Characteristics of Power Factor Correction Circuits with Input Active Boost Converter. Electrical Machines and systems, 2003(1):448-452
22 T. Ohnishi, M. Hojo. DC Voltage and Current Sensorless Single Phase PFC Converter. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 23-27 June 2002, Cairns, Queensland, Australia,2002:1137-1142
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30 D.M. Divan, T.H. Barton. Considerations on the Application of Improved Power Factor Converter Structures. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1983,19(6):1076-1084
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2 石新春,霍利民.电力电子技术与谐波抑制.华北电力大学学报,2002,29(1):6-9
3 H. L. Do. Single-Stage Single-Switch Power Factor Correction AC/DC Converter. IEE Proc.-Electr. Power Appl.,2005,152(6): 1578-1584
4 H. Wei, I. Batarseh. A Single-Switch AC-DC Converter with Power Factor Correction. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2000,15(3):421-430
5 B. Sharifipour, J. S. Huang. Manufacturing and Cost Analysis of Power-Factor-Correction Circuits. Thirteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 15-19 Feb 1998, Anaheim, California, USA,1998(1):490-494
6 Z. H. Yang, P. C. Sen. Recent Developments in High Power Factor Switch-Mode Converters. Electrical and Computer Engineering,1998(2):477-480
7 杨泽慧,束丹清.有源功率因数校正 APFC.通信电源技术,1998(2):9-14
8 张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2004:186-188
9 郝晓弘,张明光,侯景阳.电力系统高次谐波的危害及抑制方法,甘肃工业大学学报, 1998,24(3):79-84
10 黄海.谐波的危害及抑制措施,四川冶金,2002(6):45-47
11 秦棣祥.整流器功率因数电流谐波及其限值标准,通信电源技术,1997,6(2):23-29
12 林雪海.国际电工委员会谐波标准简介.中国电力,1998,39(10):55-58
13 陈伯胜.串联电抗器抑制谐波的作用及电抗率的选择.电网技术,2003,27(12): 92-95
14 王立国,徐殿国,苗立杰.无源滤波装置的建模分析及参数摄动的影响.中国电机工程学报,2005,25(10):70-74
15 陈旭武,胡学芝.有源电力滤波器及其新进展.自动化与仪器仪表,2005(5):5-7
16 钱照明,叶忠明,董伯藩.谐波抑制技术.电力系统自动化,1997,21(10):48-53
17 H. Lee, G. Choe. A Study on the Operation Characteristics of PFC at Instantaneous Power Interrupt. The 30th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2-6 Nov. 2004, Busan, Korea,2004:1577-1581
18 D. Shmilovitz, D. Czarkowski. A Novel Reversible Boost Rectifier with Unity Power Factor. Fourteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 14-18 Mar 1999, Dallas, Taxes, USA,1999:363-368
19 任凌,李思扬,王志强.有源功率因数校正技术综述.通信电源技术,2005,22(4): 23-25
20 T. Heo, Y. Son. Analysis of the Interleaved Type Power Factor Correction (PFC) Converter in Discontinuous Current Mode. The 30th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2-6 Nov. 2004, Busan, Korea,2004:2706-2711
21 K. Cherl-Jin, J. Young. A Study on the Characteristics of Power Factor Correction Circuits with Input Active Boost Converter. Electrical Machines and systems, 2003(1):448-452
22 T. Ohnishi, M. Hojo. DC Voltage and Current Sensorless Single Phase PFC Converter. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 23-27 June 2002, Cairns, Queensland, Australia,2002:1137-1142
23 C. Qiao, M. K. Smedley. A Topology Survey of Single-Stage Power Factor Corrector with a Boost Type Input-Current-Shaper. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2001:360-368
24 S. Luo, W. H. Qiu. Flyboost Power Factor Correction Cell and a New Family of Single-Stage AC/DC Converters. IEEE TransactionS on Power Electronics, 2005,20(1):25-34
25 吴小华,吕焱峰,弓振宇.新颖单相高功率因数校正器的研究.电力电子技术, 2005,39(6):53-54
26 M. Herfurth, L. Lorenz. Power Factor and PWM Controller TDA 16888. Power Conversion Conference, 3-6 Auq 1997, Tokyo, Japan,1997:901-906
27 王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2000:67-69
28 T. Kataoka, K. Mizumachi, S. Miyairi, Pulse Width Controlled AC-to-DC Converter to Improve Power Factor and Waveform of AC Line Current. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1979,15(6):670-675
29 G. Olivier, V.R. Stefanovic, G.E. April. Microprocessor Controller for a Thyristor Converter with an Improved Power Factor. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics and Control Instrumentation,1981,28(3):188-194
30 D.M. Divan, T.H. Barton. Considerations on the Application of Improved Power Factor Converter Structures. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1983,19(6):1076-1084
31 S. Manias, P.D. Zioqas, G. Olivier. AC-to-DC Converter with Improved Input Power Factor and High Power Density. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1986, 22(6):1073-1081
32 王宝诚,赵清林.具有 PFC 功能的高性能电子镇流器设计.电力电子技术, 2005,39(4):88-90
33 F. J. Azcondo. Power-Mode-Controlled Power-Factor Corrector for Electronic Ballast. IEEE Transactions on Industrial electronics,2005,52(1):56-65
34 K. Hirachi, J. Yoshitsugu. Switched-Mode PFC Rectifier with High-Frequency Transformer Link for High-Power Density Single Phase UPS. 28th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 22-27 June 1997, St.Louis, USA, 1997:290-295
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